October Term 2002 · Docket 02-371

Can a city ban loitering without violating free speech rights?

Richmond banned loitering to stop drug sales. Hicks argues this law targets protected speech.

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Virginia v. Hicks
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Official Transcript

Verified source milestones

  1. — An official oral-argument transcript was verified.
  2. — An official oral-argument transcript was verified.

The arguments, in order

This case may have been argued more than once. Each entry below uses that session's official transcript. Later arguments do not erase earlier ones.

  1. Argument 1 ·

    What happened at the argument

    The city claims the ordinance targets criminal conduct, not speech.

    Hicks claims the ordinance chills protected expression by requiring proof of purpose.

    The city argues public housing residents need protection from drug markets.

    Hicks argues the law restricts basic movement without clear justification.

    Read the official transcript for this argument · Official argument details

    Sources used for this argument breakdown

A citizen's guide to the whole case

What this case is about

This case tests if a general anti-loitering law violates the First Amendment. The city claims the rule targets criminal conduct, not speech. Hicks claims the rule chills protected expression.

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How the case got here

The Supreme Court heard oral argument in this case on April 30, 2003.

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What each side wants

The city wants the court to uphold the loitering ban as a valid safety measure.

Hicks wants the court to strike down the ban as a violation of free speech.

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What each side says

The city argues the law targets conduct, not speech, so First Amendment rules do not apply.

Hicks argues the law is overbroad and chills protected expression by requiring proof of purpose.

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What the justices asked

Does a general law against loitering target speech or conduct?

Can a city require proof of purpose to walk on a sidewalk?

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Why it matters

This dispute defines the limits of city power to regulate public spaces. It affects how residents use sidewalks and streets. It balances public safety against individual freedom of movement.

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What happens next

This article currently covers the argument record. Use the official docket link for later case activity.

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Official Court provenance

Official docket and case history · Official Supreme Court oral-argument detail page

Title and summary sources

Revision history

  1. Revision 1 · Official Transcript ·

    Correction: Rewritten to the concise citizen-facing editorial standard.

  2. Revision 2 · Official Transcript ·

    Correction: Migrated to the dated official Court activity contract without model use.

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