October Term 2001 · Docket 01-714

Can states block census statistical adjustments before counting ends?

Utah seeks to stop the Census Bureau from using statistical estimates. North Carolina argues challenges must wait until after the count.

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Utah v. Evans
Latest argument session
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Argued
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Official Transcript

Verified source milestones

  1. — An official oral-argument transcript was verified.
  2. — An official oral-argument transcript was verified.

The arguments, in order

This case may have been argued more than once. Each entry below uses that session's official transcript. Later arguments do not erase earlier ones.

  1. Argument 1 ·

    What happened at the argument

    Utah's counsel stated the census has historically used an actual count without statistical estimation.

    North Carolina's counsel argued the right time to challenge census methods is before the census completes.

    The Solicitor General noted the Census Bureau used imputation for missing data in the last five censuses.

    Utah's counsel clarified the record does not show most imputations occurred in known occupied units.

    Read the official transcript for this argument · Official argument details

    Sources used for this argument breakdown

A citizen's guide to the whole case

What this case is about

The dispute centers on the timing of legal challenges to census methods. Utah wants to block statistical adjustments now. North Carolina says courts should review these methods only after the census concludes.

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How the case got here

The Supreme Court heard oral argument in this case on March 27, 2002.

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What each side wants

Utah wants to stop the Census Bureau from using statistical estimates before the count ends.

North Carolina wants to delay any legal challenge until after the census is complete.

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What each side says

Utah argues the census must rely on an actual count without statistical estimation.

North Carolina argues the proper time to challenge census methods is after the census finishes.

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What the justices asked

How could a state challenge imputation figures before knowing they caused a problem?

Is imputation a statistical methodology or a method of making deductions from circumstantial evidence?

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Why it matters

This case determines when states can legally challenge census statistical methods. It defines the scope of judicial review for population counting procedures. The outcome shapes the balance between statistical accuracy and constitutional counting requirements.

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What happens next

This article currently covers the argument record. Use the official docket link for later case activity.

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Official Court provenance

Official docket and case history · Official Supreme Court oral-argument detail page

Title and summary sources

Revision history

  1. Revision 1 · Official Transcript ·

    Correction: Rewritten to the concise citizen-facing editorial standard.

  2. Revision 2 · Official Transcript ·

    Correction: Migrated to the dated official Court activity contract without model use.

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