October Term 2001 · Docket 01-687

Does a federal drug sentence require proof of drug quantity beyond a reasonable doubt?

The dispute centers on whether a judge can impose a higher sentence based on drug amounts not proven to a jury.

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United States v. Cotton
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Verified source milestones

  1. — An official oral-argument transcript was verified.
  2. — An official oral-argument transcript was verified.

The arguments, in order

This case may have been argued more than once. Each entry below uses that session's official transcript. Later arguments do not erase earlier ones.

  1. Argument 1 ·

    What happened at the argument

    Michael Dreeben argued that this case reflects typical federal drug prosecutions.

    He noted that these trials occurred before a recent Supreme Court decision.

    Sullivan argued that the sentence did not match the jury's verdict.

    He stated that the government may not have presented drug quantities to the grand jury.

    Read the official transcript for this argument · Official argument details

    Sources used for this argument breakdown

A citizen's guide to the whole case

What this case is about

This case tests the scope of jury rights in federal drug trials. It follows a lower court action that allowed a judge to set a sentence based on unproven facts.

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How the case got here

The Supreme Court heard oral argument in this case on April 15, 2002.

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What each side wants

The government wants to keep the current sentence structure for drug cases.

Cotton wants the sentence reduced because the jury did not prove the drug amount.

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What each side says

The government argues that judges can consider drug amounts without a jury finding.

Cotton argues that any fact increasing the sentence must be proven to a jury.

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What the justices asked

Chief Justice Rehnquist asked if the indictment and verdict matched the final sentence.

Justice Souter asked if the government presented drug quantities to the grand jury.

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Why it matters

This case defines the limits of judicial sentencing power in federal drug prosecutions. It determines whether judges can rely on unproven facts to increase prison terms. The outcome shapes the balance between prosecutorial discretion and defendant rights.

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What happens next

This article currently covers the argument record. Use the official docket link for later case activity.

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Official Court provenance

Official docket and case history · Official Supreme Court oral-argument detail page

Title and summary sources

Revision history

  1. Revision 1 · Official Transcript ·

    Correction: Rewritten to the concise citizen-facing editorial standard.

  2. Revision 2 · Official Transcript ·

    Correction: Migrated to the dated official Court activity contract without model use.

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