October Term 2001 · Docket 00-1214

Can a state jail a defendant without a lawyer if they pay fines?

Alabama argues it can imprison a defendant without a lawyer if they pay fines. The defendant argues this violates the Sixth Amendment right to counsel.

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Alabama v. Shelton
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Argued
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Official Transcript

Verified source milestones

  1. — An official oral-argument transcript was verified.

The arguments, in order

This case may have been argued more than once. Each entry below uses that session's official transcript. Later arguments do not erase earlier ones.

  1. Argument 1 ·

    What happened at the argument

    Pryor argued the state relies on prior Supreme Court precedent.

    Mills argued the state takes a shallow view of the law.

    Duke argued this is a serious criminal prosecution.

    Fried argued deferred prosecution is a red herring.

    Read the official transcript for this argument · Official argument details

    Sources used for this argument breakdown

A citizen's guide to the whole case

What this case is about

The case tests whether a state can impose jail time without providing a lawyer. The defendant argues this practice violates the Sixth Amendment. The state argues it can use fines as a substitute for counsel.

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How the case got here

The Supreme Court heard oral argument in this case on February 19, 2002.

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What each side wants

Alabama wants to keep the conviction and jail time.

Shelton wants the conviction overturned and the jail time removed.

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What each side says

Alabama argues the Sixth Amendment does not require a lawyer if the defendant pays fines.

Shelton argues the Sixth Amendment requires a lawyer for any criminal prosecution that risks jail.

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What the justices asked

Does the Sixth Amendment require a lawyer for a misdemeanor that carries a jail sentence?

Can a state use a fine as a substitute for providing a lawyer?

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Why it matters

This case defines the scope of the right to counsel. It determines when states must provide lawyers for criminal defendants. It affects how courts handle misdemeanor prosecutions nationwide.

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What happens next

This article currently covers the argument record. Use the official docket link for later case activity.

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Official Court provenance

Official docket and case history · Official Supreme Court oral-argument detail page

Title and summary sources

Revision history

  1. Revision 1 · Official Transcript ·

    Correction: Rewritten to the concise citizen-facing editorial standard.

  2. Revision 2 · Official Transcript ·

    Correction: Migrated to the dated official Court activity contract without model use.

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