{"argument_date":"2025-12-09T00:00:00Z","arguments":[{"argument_date":"2025-12-09T00:00:00Z","heading":"What happened at the argument","official_detail_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcript/2025","official_transcript_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2025/24-621_q86b.pdf","paragraphs":["The party committee says the limits burden core political speech and asks the Court to strike them down.","The commission says Congress may limit contributions to candidates and asks the Court to uphold the rules.","Justice Kagan questioned whether the limits serve to mitigate donor aggregation problems. Her question is not a vote. Argument is not a decision, and no outcome is predicted here."],"reargument":false,"sequence":1,"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 10, lines 19-25","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2025/24-621_q86b.pdf","page_label":"file page 10, lines 19-25"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 11, lines 23-39","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2025/24-621_q86b.pdf","page_label":"file page 11, lines 23-39"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 11, lines 55-13","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2025/24-621_q86b.pdf","page_label":"file page 11, lines 55-13"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 118, lines 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35-41","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2025/24-621_q86b.pdf","page_label":"file page 71, lines 35-41"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 71, lines 43-19","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2025/24-621_q86b.pdf","page_label":"file page 71, lines 43-19"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 74, lines 19-21","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2025/24-621_q86b.pdf","page_label":"file page 74, lines 19-21"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 74, lines 23-55","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2025/24-621_q86b.pdf","page_label":"file page 74, lines 23-55"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 75, lines 19-19","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2025/24-621_q86b.pdf","page_label":"file page 75, lines 19-19"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 75, lines 23-21","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2025/24-621_q86b.pdf","page_label":"file page 75, lines 23-21"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 76, lines 47-47","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2025/24-621_q86b.pdf","page_label":"file page 76, lines 47-47"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 76, lines 51-15","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2025/24-621_q86b.pdf","page_label":"file page 76, lines 51-15"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 87, lines 35-53","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2025/24-621_q86b.pdf","page_label":"file page 87, lines 35-53"}]}],"caption":"NRSC v. FEC","case_history":[{"changed_at":"2026-08-29T20:06:14.059771Z","explanation":"An official oral-argument transcript was verified.","status":"argued"},{"changed_at":"2026-08-29T20:06:14.091728Z","explanation":"An official oral-argument transcript was verified.","status":"argued"},{"changed_at":"2026-08-29T20:06:14.122994Z","explanation":"An official oral-argument transcript was verified.","status":"argued"},{"changed_at":"2026-08-29T23:58:06.082665Z","explanation":"An official Court opinion was verified.","status":"decided"},{"changed_at":"2026-08-30T01:28:50.920299Z","explanation":"An official Court opinion was verified.","status":"decided"}],"case_status":"decided","dek":"The National Republican Senatorial Committee challenges federal rules that cap party spending coordinated with candidates, arguing the limits burden core political speech. The Federal Election Commission defends the rules as a way to stop donors from routing large contributions to candidates through party committees. The Supreme Court heard argument but has not decided the case.","dek_sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 118, lines 19-21","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2025/24-621_q86b.pdf","page_label":"file page 118, lines 19-21"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 129, lines 43-35","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2025/24-621_q86b.pdf","page_label":"file page 129, lines 43-35"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 142, lines 15-49","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2025/24-621_q86b.pdf","page_label":"file page 142, lines 15-49"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 5, lines 25-17","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2025/24-621_q86b.pdf","page_label":"file page 5, lines 25-17"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 55, lines 13-13","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2025/24-621_q86b.pdf","page_label":"file page 55, lines 13-13"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 67, lines 55-43","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2025/24-621_q86b.pdf","page_label":"file page 67, lines 55-43"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 87, lines 35-53","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2025/24-621_q86b.pdf","page_label":"file page 87, lines 35-53"}],"dispositions":[],"latest_court_document_date":"2025-12-09T00:00:00Z","maturity":"post_opinion","official_detail_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcript/2025","official_disposition_urls":["https://www.supremecourt.gov/opinions/25pdf/24-621_h315.pdf"],"official_docket_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/docket/docketfiles/html/public/24-621.html","primary_docket":"24-621","revisions":[{"correction_note":"Rewritten to the concise citizen-facing editorial standard.","created_at":"2026-08-29T22:07:00.971017Z","maturity":"official_transcript","revision_number":1},{"correction_note":"Removed an unsupported statement that the Court had not ruled; the available source set did not establish that absence.","created_at":"2026-08-29T23:48:24.654574Z","maturity":"official_transcript","revision_number":2},{"correction_note":"Corrected unsupported no-ruling language and clarified that the article's disposition summary is incomplete.","created_at":"2026-08-30T00:16:28.840247Z","maturity":"official_transcript","revision_number":3},{"correction_note":"Added the holding and disposition from the verified official Court opinion.","created_at":"2026-08-30T01:28:50.946895Z","maturity":"post_opinion","revision_number":4},{"correction_note":"Migrated to the dated official Court activity contract without model use.","created_at":"2026-09-05T03:22:24Z","maturity":"post_opinion","revision_number":5}],"schema_version":"1.1","sections":[{"heading":"What this case is about","paragraphs":["The case is National Republican Senatorial Committee v. Federal Election Commission, Case 24-621."],"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 118, lines 19-21","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2025/24-621_q86b.pdf","page_label":"file page 118, lines 19-21"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 129, lines 43-35","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2025/24-621_q86b.pdf","page_label":"file page 129, lines 43-35"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 142, lines 15-49","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2025/24-621_q86b.pdf","page_label":"file page 142, lines 15-49"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 5, lines 25-17","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2025/24-621_q86b.pdf","page_label":"file page 5, lines 25-17"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 55, lines 13-13","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2025/24-621_q86b.pdf","page_label":"file page 55, lines 13-13"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 67, lines 55-43","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2025/24-621_q86b.pdf","page_label":"file page 67, lines 55-43"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 87, lines 35-53","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2025/24-621_q86b.pdf","page_label":"file page 87, lines 35-53"}]},{"heading":"How the case got here","paragraphs":["A lower court upheld the coordinated spending limits. The party committee asked the Supreme Court to reverse that ruling."],"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 144, lines 51-15","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2025/24-621_q86b.pdf","page_label":"file page 144, lines 51-15"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 5, lines 11-23","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2025/24-621_q86b.pdf","page_label":"file page 5, lines 11-23"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 75, lines 23-21","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2025/24-621_q86b.pdf","page_label":"file page 75, lines 23-21"}]},{"heading":"What each side wants","paragraphs":["The National Republican Senatorial Committee, represented by Noel Francisco, argues the limits unconstitutionally restrict core election speech and asks the Court to strike them down.","The Federal Election Commission, represented by Douglas Martinez, defends the limits as a 50-year pillar of campaign finance law and asks the Court to uphold them."],"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 118, lines 19-21","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2025/24-621_q86b.pdf","page_label":"file page 118, lines 19-21"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 129, lines 43-35","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2025/24-621_q86b.pdf","page_label":"file page 129, lines 43-35"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 142, lines 15-49","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2025/24-621_q86b.pdf","page_label":"file page 142, lines 15-49"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 5, lines 25-17","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2025/24-621_q86b.pdf","page_label":"file page 5, lines 25-17"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 55, lines 13-13","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2025/24-621_q86b.pdf","page_label":"file page 55, lines 13-13"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 67, lines 55-43","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2025/24-621_q86b.pdf","page_label":"file page 67, lines 55-43"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 87, lines 35-53","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2025/24-621_q86b.pdf","page_label":"file page 87, lines 35-53"}]},{"heading":"What each side says","paragraphs":["Francisco argued the limits clash with the Court's recent First Amendment cases and that Colorado II, an earlier ruling, no longer holds.","Justice Kagan questioned Francisco, noting the Court's McCutcheon decision said these limits mitigate problems tied to donor aggregation. And Described how a small base limit can be amplified into a large effective contribution for a candidate's own use. Her questions are questions, not votes. Argument is not a decision, and no outcome is predicted here."],"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 118, lines 19-21","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2025/24-621_q86b.pdf","page_label":"file page 118, lines 19-21"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 129, lines 43-35","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2025/24-621_q86b.pdf","page_label":"file page 129, lines 43-35"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 142, lines 15-49","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2025/24-621_q86b.pdf","page_label":"file page 142, lines 15-49"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 5, lines 25-17","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2025/24-621_q86b.pdf","page_label":"file page 5, lines 25-17"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 55, lines 13-13","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2025/24-621_q86b.pdf","page_label":"file page 55, lines 13-13"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 67, lines 55-43","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2025/24-621_q86b.pdf","page_label":"file page 67, lines 55-43"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 87, lines 35-53","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2025/24-621_q86b.pdf","page_label":"file page 87, lines 35-53"}]},{"heading":"What the justices asked","paragraphs":["Justice Kagan asked whether the law was conceived of a world where coordinated limits remain in place.","Justice Thomas asked what the Vice President meant in saying it was too early to decide whether to run. His question is not a vote. Argument is not a decision, and no outcome is predicted here."],"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 10, lines 19-25","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2025/24-621_q86b.pdf","page_label":"file page 10, lines 19-25"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 11, lines 23-39","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2025/24-621_q86b.pdf","page_label":"file page 11, lines 23-39"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 11, lines 55-13","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2025/24-621_q86b.pdf","page_label":"file page 11, lines 55-13"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 12, lines 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45-47","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2025/24-621_q86b.pdf","page_label":"file page 68, lines 45-47"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 69, lines 17-35","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2025/24-621_q86b.pdf","page_label":"file page 69, lines 17-35"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 69, lines 47-47","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2025/24-621_q86b.pdf","page_label":"file page 69, lines 47-47"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 69, lines 51-21","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2025/24-621_q86b.pdf","page_label":"file page 69, lines 51-21"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 7, lines 19-25","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2025/24-621_q86b.pdf","page_label":"file page 7, lines 19-25"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 71, lines 35-41","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2025/24-621_q86b.pdf","page_label":"file page 71, lines 35-41"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 71, lines 43-19","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2025/24-621_q86b.pdf","page_label":"file page 71, lines 43-19"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 74, lines 19-21","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2025/24-621_q86b.pdf","page_label":"file page 74, lines 19-21"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 74, lines 23-55","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2025/24-621_q86b.pdf","page_label":"file page 74, lines 23-55"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 75, lines 19-19","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2025/24-621_q86b.pdf","page_label":"file page 75, lines 19-19"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 75, lines 23-21","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2025/24-621_q86b.pdf","page_label":"file page 75, lines 23-21"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 76, lines 47-47","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2025/24-621_q86b.pdf","page_label":"file page 76, lines 47-47"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 76, lines 51-15","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2025/24-621_q86b.pdf","page_label":"file page 76, lines 51-15"}]},{"heading":"Why it matters","paragraphs":["The ruling could reshape how federal campaign finance rules treat coordinated party spending."],"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 118, lines 19-21","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2025/24-621_q86b.pdf","page_label":"file page 118, lines 19-21"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 129, lines 43-35","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2025/24-621_q86b.pdf","page_label":"file page 129, lines 43-35"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 142, lines 15-49","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2025/24-621_q86b.pdf","page_label":"file page 142, lines 15-49"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 5, lines 25-17","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2025/24-621_q86b.pdf","page_label":"file page 5, lines 25-17"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 55, lines 13-13","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2025/24-621_q86b.pdf","page_label":"file page 55, lines 13-13"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 67, lines 55-43","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2025/24-621_q86b.pdf","page_label":"file page 67, lines 55-43"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 87, lines 35-53","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2025/24-621_q86b.pdf","page_label":"file page 87, lines 35-53"}]},{"heading":"What the Court decided","paragraphs":["Federal law's limits on how much political parties can spend together with candidates break the First Amendment's protection of free political speech. Older case law that had approved those limits no longer applies and is overruled.","The Sixth Circuit's judgment was reversed and the case was sent back for further proceedings."],"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Opinion","label":"Official Supreme Court Opinion — file page 1, lines 1-1","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/opinions/25pdf/24-621_h315.pdf","page_label":"file page 1, lines 1-1"},{"evidence_type":"Opinion","label":"Official Supreme Court Opinion — file page 3, lines 1-1","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/opinions/25pdf/24-621_h315.pdf","page_label":"file page 3, lines 1-1"}]}],"slug":"2025-24-621-nrsc-v-fec","term":"2025","title":"Can Congress Limit Spending That Political Parties Coordinate With Senate Candidates?","title_sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 118, lines 19-21","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2025/24-621_q86b.pdf","page_label":"file page 118, lines 19-21"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 129, lines 43-35","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2025/24-621_q86b.pdf","page_label":"file page 129, lines 43-35"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 142, lines 15-49","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2025/24-621_q86b.pdf","page_label":"file page 142, lines 15-49"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 5, lines 25-17","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2025/24-621_q86b.pdf","page_label":"file page 5, lines 25-17"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 55, lines 13-13","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2025/24-621_q86b.pdf","page_label":"file page 55, lines 13-13"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 67, lines 55-43","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2025/24-621_q86b.pdf","page_label":"file page 67, lines 55-43"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 87, lines 35-53","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2025/24-621_q86b.pdf","page_label":"file page 87, lines 35-53"}],"topics":[],"undated_disposition_date_fallback":"latest_argument_date","updated_at":"2026-09-05T03:22:24Z"}