{"argument_date":"2025-11-10T00:00:00Z","arguments":[{"argument_date":"2025-11-10T00:00:00Z","heading":"What happened at the argument","official_detail_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcript/2025","official_transcript_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2025/23-1197_c07d.pdf","paragraphs":["The prisoner's counsel argued RLUIPA mirrors RFRA in authorizing damages.","The state's counsel argued the statute lacks clear notice for individual suits.","justice_question_contexts"],"reargument":false,"sequence":1,"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 10, lines 24-28","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2025/23-1197_c07d.pdf","page_label":"file page 10, lines 24-28"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 10, lines 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52-12","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2025/23-1197_c07d.pdf","page_label":"file page 138, lines 52-12"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 142, lines 14-18","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2025/23-1197_c07d.pdf","page_label":"file page 142, lines 14-18"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 5, lines 12-24","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2025/23-1197_c07d.pdf","page_label":"file page 5, lines 12-24"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 5, lines 26-22","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2025/23-1197_c07d.pdf","page_label":"file page 5, lines 26-22"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 66, lines 36-32","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2025/23-1197_c07d.pdf","page_label":"file page 66, lines 36-32"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 7, lines 24-30","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2025/23-1197_c07d.pdf","page_label":"file page 7, lines 24-30"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 7, lines 52-8","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2025/23-1197_c07d.pdf","page_label":"file page 7, lines 52-8"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 71, lines 36-46","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2025/23-1197_c07d.pdf","page_label":"file page 71, lines 36-46"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 71, lines 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22-28","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2025/23-1197_c07d.pdf","page_label":"file page 73, lines 22-28"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 73, lines 34-38","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2025/23-1197_c07d.pdf","page_label":"file page 73, lines 34-38"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 73, lines 54-34","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2025/23-1197_c07d.pdf","page_label":"file page 73, lines 54-34"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 74, lines 48-52","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2025/23-1197_c07d.pdf","page_label":"file page 74, lines 48-52"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 75, lines 28-34","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2025/23-1197_c07d.pdf","page_label":"file page 75, lines 28-34"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 76, lines 38-14","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2025/23-1197_c07d.pdf","page_label":"file page 76, lines 38-14"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 78, lines 20-32","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2025/23-1197_c07d.pdf","page_label":"file page 78, lines 20-32"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 79, lines 8-10","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2025/23-1197_c07d.pdf","page_label":"file page 79, lines 8-10"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 8, lines 28-30","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2025/23-1197_c07d.pdf","page_label":"file page 8, lines 28-30"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 8, lines 40-44","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2025/23-1197_c07d.pdf","page_label":"file page 8, lines 40-44"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 8, lines 56-12","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2025/23-1197_c07d.pdf","page_label":"file page 8, lines 56-12"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 9, lines 36-42","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2025/23-1197_c07d.pdf","page_label":"file page 9, lines 36-42"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 9, lines 50-52","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2025/23-1197_c07d.pdf","page_label":"file page 9, lines 50-52"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 9, lines 56-8","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2025/23-1197_c07d.pdf","page_label":"file page 9, lines 56-8"}]}],"caption":"Landor v. LA DOC","case_history":[{"changed_at":"2026-08-29T20:06:14.189836Z","explanation":"An official oral-argument transcript was verified.","status":"argued"},{"changed_at":"2026-08-29T20:06:14.222409Z","explanation":"An official oral-argument transcript was verified.","status":"argued"},{"changed_at":"2026-08-29T20:06:14.222466Z","explanation":"An official oral-argument transcript was verified.","status":"argued"},{"changed_at":"2026-08-29T23:55:39.674835Z","explanation":"An official Court opinion was verified.","status":"decided"}],"case_status":"decided","dek":"The dispute centers on whether RLUIPA allows individual damages suits against state officials.","dek_sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 105, lines 38-30","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2025/23-1197_c07d.pdf","page_label":"file page 105, lines 38-30"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 138, lines 52-12","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2025/23-1197_c07d.pdf","page_label":"file page 138, lines 52-12"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 5, lines 26-22","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2025/23-1197_c07d.pdf","page_label":"file page 5, lines 26-22"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 66, lines 36-32","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2025/23-1197_c07d.pdf","page_label":"file page 66, lines 36-32"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 71, lines 36-46","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2025/23-1197_c07d.pdf","page_label":"file page 71, lines 36-46"}],"dispositions":[],"latest_court_document_date":"2025-11-10T00:00:00Z","maturity":"post_opinion","official_detail_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcript/2025","official_disposition_urls":["https://www.supremecourt.gov/opinions/25pdf/23-1197_new2_k5fm.pdf","https://www.supremecourt.gov/opinions/25pdf/23-1197diff2_j4ek.pdf"],"official_docket_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/docket/docketfiles/html/public/23-1197.html","primary_docket":"23-1197","revisions":[{"correction_note":"Rewritten to the concise citizen-facing editorial standard.","created_at":"2026-08-30T15:31:59.365768Z","maturity":"post_opinion","revision_number":1},{"correction_note":"Migrated to the dated official Court activity contract without model use.","created_at":"2026-09-05T03:22:24Z","maturity":"post_opinion","revision_number":2}],"schema_version":"1.1","sections":[{"heading":"What this case is about","paragraphs":["A prisoner claims state officials violated his religious rights. He seeks damages under RLUIPA. The state argues the law does not allow such suits."],"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 105, lines 38-30","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2025/23-1197_c07d.pdf","page_label":"file page 105, lines 38-30"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 138, lines 52-12","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2025/23-1197_c07d.pdf","page_label":"file page 138, lines 52-12"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 5, lines 26-22","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2025/23-1197_c07d.pdf","page_label":"file page 5, lines 26-22"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 66, lines 36-32","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2025/23-1197_c07d.pdf","page_label":"file page 66, lines 36-32"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 71, lines 36-46","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2025/23-1197_c07d.pdf","page_label":"file page 71, lines 36-46"}]},{"heading":"How the case got here","paragraphs":["The Supreme Court heard oral argument in this case on November 10, 2025."],"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 142, lines 14-18","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2025/23-1197_c07d.pdf","page_label":"file page 142, lines 14-18"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 5, lines 12-24","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2025/23-1197_c07d.pdf","page_label":"file page 5, lines 12-24"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 73, lines 54-34","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2025/23-1197_c07d.pdf","page_label":"file page 73, lines 54-34"}]},{"heading":"What each side wants","paragraphs":["The prisoner wants to recover damages for the alleged violation.","The state wants the Court to bar individual damages suits."],"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 105, lines 38-30","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2025/23-1197_c07d.pdf","page_label":"file page 105, lines 38-30"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 138, lines 52-12","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2025/23-1197_c07d.pdf","page_label":"file page 138, lines 52-12"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 5, lines 26-22","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2025/23-1197_c07d.pdf","page_label":"file page 5, lines 26-22"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 66, lines 36-32","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2025/23-1197_c07d.pdf","page_label":"file page 66, lines 36-32"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 71, lines 36-46","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2025/23-1197_c07d.pdf","page_label":"file page 71, lines 36-46"}]},{"heading":"What each side says","paragraphs":["The prisoner argues RLUIPA clearly authorizes individual damages suits.","The state argues RLUIPA does not clearly create such a cause of action."],"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 105, lines 38-30","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2025/23-1197_c07d.pdf","page_label":"file page 105, lines 38-30"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 138, lines 52-12","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2025/23-1197_c07d.pdf","page_label":"file page 138, lines 52-12"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 5, lines 26-22","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2025/23-1197_c07d.pdf","page_label":"file page 5, lines 26-22"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 66, lines 36-32","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2025/23-1197_c07d.pdf","page_label":"file page 66, lines 36-32"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 71, lines 36-46","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2025/23-1197_c07d.pdf","page_label":"file page 71, lines 36-46"}]},{"heading":"What the justices asked","paragraphs":["Justice Thomas asked about the scope of the Salinas precedent.","Justice Thomas asked for examples of viable damages claims under the Spending Power."],"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 10, lines 24-28","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2025/23-1197_c07d.pdf","page_label":"file page 10, lines 24-28"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 10, lines 32-34","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2025/23-1197_c07d.pdf","page_label":"file page 10, lines 32-34"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 10, lines 52-22","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2025/23-1197_c07d.pdf","page_label":"file page 10, lines 52-22"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 11, lines 30-44","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2025/23-1197_c07d.pdf","page_label":"file page 11, lines 30-44"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 142, lines 14-18","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2025/23-1197_c07d.pdf","page_label":"file page 142, lines 14-18"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 7, lines 24-30","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2025/23-1197_c07d.pdf","page_label":"file page 7, lines 24-30"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 7, lines 52-8","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2025/23-1197_c07d.pdf","page_label":"file page 7, lines 52-8"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 71, lines 48-52","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2025/23-1197_c07d.pdf","page_label":"file page 71, lines 48-52"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 72, lines 10-22","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2025/23-1197_c07d.pdf","page_label":"file page 72, lines 10-22"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 72, lines 46-56","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2025/23-1197_c07d.pdf","page_label":"file page 72, lines 46-56"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 73, lines 10-14","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2025/23-1197_c07d.pdf","page_label":"file page 73, lines 10-14"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 73, lines 22-28","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2025/23-1197_c07d.pdf","page_label":"file page 73, lines 22-28"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 73, lines 34-38","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2025/23-1197_c07d.pdf","page_label":"file page 73, lines 34-38"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 73, lines 54-34","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2025/23-1197_c07d.pdf","page_label":"file page 73, lines 54-34"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 74, lines 48-52","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2025/23-1197_c07d.pdf","page_label":"file page 74, lines 48-52"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 75, lines 28-34","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2025/23-1197_c07d.pdf","page_label":"file page 75, lines 28-34"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 76, lines 38-14","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2025/23-1197_c07d.pdf","page_label":"file page 76, lines 38-14"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 78, lines 20-32","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2025/23-1197_c07d.pdf","page_label":"file page 78, lines 20-32"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 79, lines 8-10","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2025/23-1197_c07d.pdf","page_label":"file page 79, lines 8-10"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 8, lines 28-30","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2025/23-1197_c07d.pdf","page_label":"file page 8, lines 28-30"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 8, lines 40-44","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2025/23-1197_c07d.pdf","page_label":"file page 8, lines 40-44"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 8, lines 56-12","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2025/23-1197_c07d.pdf","page_label":"file page 8, lines 56-12"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 9, lines 36-42","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2025/23-1197_c07d.pdf","page_label":"file page 9, lines 36-42"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 9, lines 50-52","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2025/23-1197_c07d.pdf","page_label":"file page 9, lines 50-52"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 9, lines 56-8","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2025/23-1197_c07d.pdf","page_label":"file page 9, lines 56-8"}]},{"heading":"Why it matters","paragraphs":["The decision determines if prisoners can sue state officials for religious rights violations."],"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 105, lines 38-30","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2025/23-1197_c07d.pdf","page_label":"file page 105, lines 38-30"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 138, lines 52-12","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2025/23-1197_c07d.pdf","page_label":"file page 138, lines 52-12"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 5, lines 26-22","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2025/23-1197_c07d.pdf","page_label":"file page 5, lines 26-22"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 66, lines 36-32","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2025/23-1197_c07d.pdf","page_label":"file page 66, lines 36-32"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 71, lines 36-46","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2025/23-1197_c07d.pdf","page_label":"file page 71, lines 36-46"}]},{"heading":"What happens next","paragraphs":["This article currently covers the argument record. Use the official docket link for later case activity."],"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 10, lines 24-28","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2025/23-1197_c07d.pdf","page_label":"file page 10, lines 24-28"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 10, lines 32-34","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2025/23-1197_c07d.pdf","page_label":"file page 10, lines 32-34"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 10, lines 52-22","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2025/23-1197_c07d.pdf","page_label":"file page 10, lines 52-22"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 11, lines 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