{"argument_date":"2024-12-02T00:00:00Z","arguments":[{"argument_date":"2024-12-02T00:00:00Z","heading":"What happened at the argument","official_detail_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcript/2024","official_transcript_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2024/23-1038_l1gk.pdf","paragraphs":["Mr. Gannon argued the law requires FDA authorization for new products.","Mr. Heyer argued the agency contradicted its own prior guidance.","Mr. Heyer noted most adult users prefer flavored products.","Justice Alito questioned the adequacy of the agency's position summary."],"reargument":false,"sequence":1,"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 10, lines 21-47","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2024/23-1038_l1gk.pdf","page_label":"file page 10, lines 21-47"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 11, lines 45-45","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2024/23-1038_l1gk.pdf","page_label":"file page 11, lines 45-45"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 11, lines 53-9","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2024/23-1038_l1gk.pdf","page_label":"file page 11, lines 53-9"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 12, lines 53-19","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2024/23-1038_l1gk.pdf","page_label":"file page 12, lines 53-19"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 13, lines 23-27","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2024/23-1038_l1gk.pdf","page_label":"file page 13, lines 23-27"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 13, lines 31-33","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2024/23-1038_l1gk.pdf","page_label":"file page 13, lines 31-33"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 14, lines 25-25","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2024/23-1038_l1gk.pdf","page_label":"file page 14, lines 25-25"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 14, lines 31-33","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2024/23-1038_l1gk.pdf","page_label":"file page 14, lines 31-33"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 14, lines 37-49","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2024/23-1038_l1gk.pdf","page_label":"file page 14, lines 37-49"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 4, lines 11-23","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2024/23-1038_l1gk.pdf","page_label":"file page 4, lines 11-23"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 4, lines 25-23","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2024/23-1038_l1gk.pdf","page_label":"file page 4, lines 25-23"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 58, lines 37-39","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2024/23-1038_l1gk.pdf","page_label":"file page 58, lines 37-39"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 6, lines 25-33","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2024/23-1038_l1gk.pdf","page_label":"file page 6, lines 25-33"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 67, lines 51-9","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2024/23-1038_l1gk.pdf","page_label":"file page 67, lines 51-9"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 68, lines 11-37","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2024/23-1038_l1gk.pdf","page_label":"file page 68, lines 11-37"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 68, lines 41-51","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2024/23-1038_l1gk.pdf","page_label":"file page 68, lines 41-51"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 69, lines 49-25","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2024/23-1038_l1gk.pdf","page_label":"file page 69, lines 49-25"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 71, lines 11-21","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2024/23-1038_l1gk.pdf","page_label":"file page 71, lines 11-21"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 71, lines 35-13","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2024/23-1038_l1gk.pdf","page_label":"file page 71, lines 35-13"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 72, lines 35-1","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2024/23-1038_l1gk.pdf","page_label":"file page 72, lines 35-1"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 73, lines 13-49","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2024/23-1038_l1gk.pdf","page_label":"file page 73, lines 13-49"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 74, lines 11-21","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2024/23-1038_l1gk.pdf","page_label":"file page 74, lines 11-21"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 74, lines 37-39","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2024/23-1038_l1gk.pdf","page_label":"file page 74, lines 37-39"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 74, lines 45-1","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2024/23-1038_l1gk.pdf","page_label":"file page 74, lines 45-1"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 75, lines 35-45","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2024/23-1038_l1gk.pdf","page_label":"file page 75, lines 35-45"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 75, lines 49-11","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2024/23-1038_l1gk.pdf","page_label":"file page 75, lines 49-11"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 77, lines 13-21","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2024/23-1038_l1gk.pdf","page_label":"file page 77, lines 13-21"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 8, lines 45-47","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2024/23-1038_l1gk.pdf","page_label":"file page 8, lines 45-47"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 8, lines 7-15","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2024/23-1038_l1gk.pdf","page_label":"file page 8, lines 7-15"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 95, lines 21-43","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2024/23-1038_l1gk.pdf","page_label":"file page 95, lines 21-43"}]}],"caption":"FDA v. Wages and White Lion","case_history":[{"changed_at":"2026-08-29T20:06:15.015681Z","explanation":"An official oral-argument transcript was verified.","status":"argued"},{"changed_at":"2026-08-29T20:06:15.043807Z","explanation":"An official oral-argument transcript was verified.","status":"argued"},{"changed_at":"2026-08-29T23:55:48.801820Z","explanation":"An official Court opinion was verified.","status":"decided"}],"case_status":"decided","dek":"The FDA demands new tobacco products prove they help smokers quit. Manufacturers argue this rule contradicts prior agency guidance.","dek_sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 4, lines 25-23","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2024/23-1038_l1gk.pdf","page_label":"file page 4, lines 25-23"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 58, lines 37-39","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2024/23-1038_l1gk.pdf","page_label":"file page 58, lines 37-39"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 67, lines 51-9","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2024/23-1038_l1gk.pdf","page_label":"file page 67, lines 51-9"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 95, lines 21-43","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2024/23-1038_l1gk.pdf","page_label":"file page 95, lines 21-43"}],"dispositions":[],"latest_court_document_date":"2024-12-02T00:00:00Z","maturity":"post_opinion","official_detail_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcript/2024","official_disposition_urls":["https://www.supremecourt.gov/opinions/24pdf/604us2r22_ed9g.pdf"],"official_docket_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/docket/docketfiles/html/public/23-1038.html","primary_docket":"23-1038","revisions":[{"correction_note":"Rewritten to the concise citizen-facing editorial standard.","created_at":"2026-08-30T15:58:29.521888Z","maturity":"post_opinion","revision_number":1},{"correction_note":"Migrated to the dated official Court activity contract without model use.","created_at":"2026-09-05T03:22:24Z","maturity":"post_opinion","revision_number":2}],"schema_version":"1.1","sections":[{"heading":"What this case is about","paragraphs":["The FDA requires new tobacco products to prove they help smokers quit. Manufacturers argue this rule contradicts prior agency guidance."],"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 4, lines 25-23","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2024/23-1038_l1gk.pdf","page_label":"file page 4, lines 25-23"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 58, lines 37-39","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2024/23-1038_l1gk.pdf","page_label":"file page 58, lines 37-39"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 67, lines 51-9","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2024/23-1038_l1gk.pdf","page_label":"file page 67, lines 51-9"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 95, lines 21-43","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2024/23-1038_l1gk.pdf","page_label":"file page 95, lines 21-43"}]},{"heading":"How the case got here","paragraphs":["The Supreme Court heard oral argument in this case on December 2, 2024."],"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 4, lines 11-23","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2024/23-1038_l1gk.pdf","page_label":"file page 4, lines 11-23"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 77, lines 13-21","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2024/23-1038_l1gk.pdf","page_label":"file page 77, lines 13-21"}]},{"heading":"What each side wants","paragraphs":["The FDA wants to enforce the new study requirement.","The manufacturers want the agency to accept their prior applications."],"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 4, lines 25-23","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2024/23-1038_l1gk.pdf","page_label":"file page 4, lines 25-23"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 58, lines 37-39","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2024/23-1038_l1gk.pdf","page_label":"file page 58, lines 37-39"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 67, lines 51-9","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2024/23-1038_l1gk.pdf","page_label":"file page 67, lines 51-9"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 95, lines 21-43","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2024/23-1038_l1gk.pdf","page_label":"file page 95, lines 21-43"}]},{"heading":"What each side says","paragraphs":["The FDA argues new products must prove they help smokers quit.","The manufacturers argue the agency changed the rules after the deadline."],"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 4, lines 25-23","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2024/23-1038_l1gk.pdf","page_label":"file page 4, lines 25-23"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 58, lines 37-39","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2024/23-1038_l1gk.pdf","page_label":"file page 58, lines 37-39"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 67, lines 51-9","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2024/23-1038_l1gk.pdf","page_label":"file page 67, lines 51-9"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 95, lines 21-43","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2024/23-1038_l1gk.pdf","page_label":"file page 95, lines 21-43"}]},{"heading":"What the justices asked","paragraphs":["Justice Alito asked what evidence substitutes for randomized trials.","Justice Barrett asked about fair notice for the new requirement."],"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 10, lines 21-47","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2024/23-1038_l1gk.pdf","page_label":"file page 10, lines 21-47"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 11, lines 45-45","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2024/23-1038_l1gk.pdf","page_label":"file page 11, lines 45-45"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 11, lines 53-9","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2024/23-1038_l1gk.pdf","page_label":"file page 11, lines 53-9"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 12, lines 53-19","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2024/23-1038_l1gk.pdf","page_label":"file page 12, lines 53-19"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 13, lines 23-27","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2024/23-1038_l1gk.pdf","page_label":"file page 13, lines 23-27"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 13, lines 31-33","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2024/23-1038_l1gk.pdf","page_label":"file page 13, lines 31-33"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 14, lines 25-25","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2024/23-1038_l1gk.pdf","page_label":"file page 14, lines 25-25"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 14, lines 31-33","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2024/23-1038_l1gk.pdf","page_label":"file page 14, lines 31-33"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 14, lines 37-49","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2024/23-1038_l1gk.pdf","page_label":"file page 14, lines 37-49"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 6, lines 25-33","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2024/23-1038_l1gk.pdf","page_label":"file page 6, lines 25-33"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 68, lines 11-37","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2024/23-1038_l1gk.pdf","page_label":"file page 68, lines 11-37"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 68, lines 41-51","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2024/23-1038_l1gk.pdf","page_label":"file page 68, lines 41-51"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 69, lines 49-25","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2024/23-1038_l1gk.pdf","page_label":"file page 69, lines 49-25"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 71, lines 11-21","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2024/23-1038_l1gk.pdf","page_label":"file page 71, lines 11-21"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 71, lines 35-13","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2024/23-1038_l1gk.pdf","page_label":"file page 71, lines 35-13"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 72, lines 35-1","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2024/23-1038_l1gk.pdf","page_label":"file page 72, lines 35-1"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 73, lines 13-49","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2024/23-1038_l1gk.pdf","page_label":"file page 73, lines 13-49"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 74, lines 11-21","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2024/23-1038_l1gk.pdf","page_label":"file page 74, lines 11-21"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 74, lines 37-39","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2024/23-1038_l1gk.pdf","page_label":"file page 74, lines 37-39"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 74, lines 45-1","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2024/23-1038_l1gk.pdf","page_label":"file page 74, lines 45-1"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 75, lines 35-45","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2024/23-1038_l1gk.pdf","page_label":"file page 75, lines 35-45"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 75, lines 49-11","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2024/23-1038_l1gk.pdf","page_label":"file page 75, lines 49-11"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 8, lines 45-47","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2024/23-1038_l1gk.pdf","page_label":"file page 8, lines 45-47"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 8, lines 7-15","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2024/23-1038_l1gk.pdf","page_label":"file page 8, lines 7-15"}]},{"heading":"Why it matters","paragraphs":["This case determines if the FDA can impose new scientific standards on existing applications. It affects how manufacturers prove their products help smokers quit. It shapes the scope of federal tobacco regulation."],"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 4, lines 25-23","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2024/23-1038_l1gk.pdf","page_label":"file page 4, lines 25-23"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 58, lines 37-39","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2024/23-1038_l1gk.pdf","page_label":"file page 58, lines 37-39"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 67, lines 51-9","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2024/23-1038_l1gk.pdf","page_label":"file page 67, lines 51-9"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 95, lines 21-43","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2024/23-1038_l1gk.pdf","page_label":"file page 95, lines 21-43"}]},{"heading":"What happens next","paragraphs":["This article currently covers the argument record. Use the official docket link for later case activity."],"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 10, lines 21-47","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2024/23-1038_l1gk.pdf","page_label":"file page 10, lines 21-47"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 11, lines 45-45","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2024/23-1038_l1gk.pdf","page_label":"file page 11, lines 45-45"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 11, lines 53-9","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2024/23-1038_l1gk.pdf","page_label":"file page 11, lines 53-9"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 12, lines 53-19","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2024/23-1038_l1gk.pdf","page_label":"file page 12, lines 53-19"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 13, lines 23-27","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2024/23-1038_l1gk.pdf","page_label":"file page 13, lines 23-27"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 13, lines 31-33","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2024/23-1038_l1gk.pdf","page_label":"file page 13, lines 31-33"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 14, lines 25-25","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2024/23-1038_l1gk.pdf","page_label":"file page 14, lines 25-25"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 14, lines 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