{"argument_date":"2024-02-20T00:00:00Z","arguments":[{"argument_date":"2024-02-20T00:00:00Z","heading":"What happened at the argument","official_detail_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcript/2023","official_transcript_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2023/23-51_869d.pdf","paragraphs":["Ms. Bennett cited Southwest versus Saxon for the exemption text.","Ms. Lovitt argued the exemption covers the entire goods journey.","justice_barrett_questioned_past_relevance","justice_kavanaugh_noted_congressional_intent_for_future_industries"],"reargument":false,"sequence":1,"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 10, lines 7-23","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2023/23-51_869d.pdf","page_label":"file page 10, lines 7-23"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 12, lines 17-21","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2023/23-51_869d.pdf","page_label":"file page 12, lines 17-21"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 12, lines 27-29","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2023/23-51_869d.pdf","page_label":"file page 12, lines 27-29"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 13, lines 25-27","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2023/23-51_869d.pdf","page_label":"file page 13, lines 25-27"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 13, lines 31-49","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2023/23-51_869d.pdf","page_label":"file page 13, lines 31-49"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 14, lines 41-43","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2023/23-51_869d.pdf","page_label":"file page 14, lines 41-43"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 14, lines 49-51","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2023/23-51_869d.pdf","page_label":"file page 14, lines 49-51"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 15, lines 49-23","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2023/23-51_869d.pdf","page_label":"file page 15, lines 49-23"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 18, lines 21-21","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2023/23-51_869d.pdf","page_label":"file page 18, lines 21-21"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 32, lines 19-13","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2023/23-51_869d.pdf","page_label":"file page 32, lines 19-13"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 4, lines 11-21","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2023/23-51_869d.pdf","page_label":"file page 4, lines 11-21"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 4, lines 23-9","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2023/23-51_869d.pdf","page_label":"file page 4, lines 23-9"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 6, lines 11-19","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2023/23-51_869d.pdf","page_label":"file page 6, lines 11-19"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 6, lines 45-51","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2023/23-51_869d.pdf","page_label":"file page 6, lines 45-51"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 65, lines 33-51","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2023/23-51_869d.pdf","page_label":"file page 65, lines 33-51"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 70, lines 53-7","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2023/23-51_869d.pdf","page_label":"file page 70, lines 53-7"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 8, lines 33-43","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2023/23-51_869d.pdf","page_label":"file page 8, lines 33-43"}]}],"caption":"Bissonnette v. LePage Bakeries Park St., LLC","case_history":[{"changed_at":"2026-08-29T20:06:15.697124Z","explanation":"An official oral-argument transcript was verified.","status":"argued"},{"changed_at":"2026-08-29T20:06:15.728052Z","explanation":"An official oral-argument transcript was verified.","status":"argued"},{"changed_at":"2026-08-29T23:57:45.895986Z","explanation":"An official Court opinion was verified.","status":"decided"}],"case_status":"decided","dek":"the sides that brought the case seek to enforce arbitration agreements. the opposing sides argue these workers fall under a statutory exemption.","dek_sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 32, lines 19-13","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2023/23-51_869d.pdf","page_label":"file page 32, lines 19-13"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 4, lines 23-9","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2023/23-51_869d.pdf","page_label":"file page 4, lines 23-9"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 65, lines 33-51","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2023/23-51_869d.pdf","page_label":"file page 65, lines 33-51"}],"dispositions":[],"latest_court_document_date":"2024-02-20T00:00:00Z","maturity":"post_opinion","official_detail_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcript/2023","official_disposition_urls":["https://www.supremecourt.gov/opinions/23pdf/601us2r12_7648.pdf"],"official_docket_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/docket/docketfiles/html/public/23-51.html","primary_docket":"23-51","revisions":[{"correction_note":"Rewritten to the concise citizen-facing editorial standard.","created_at":"2026-08-30T16:12:39.782575Z","maturity":"post_opinion","revision_number":1},{"correction_note":"Migrated to the dated official Court activity contract without model use.","created_at":"2026-09-05T03:22:24Z","maturity":"post_opinion","revision_number":2}],"schema_version":"1.1","sections":[{"heading":"What this case is about","paragraphs":["The case tests the scope of a federal law. It asks if specific workers fit a defined exemption."],"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 32, lines 19-13","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2023/23-51_869d.pdf","page_label":"file page 32, lines 19-13"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 4, lines 23-9","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2023/23-51_869d.pdf","page_label":"file page 4, lines 23-9"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 65, lines 33-51","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2023/23-51_869d.pdf","page_label":"file page 65, lines 33-51"}]},{"heading":"How the case got here","paragraphs":["The Supreme Court heard oral argument in this case on February 20, 2024."],"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 4, lines 11-21","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2023/23-51_869d.pdf","page_label":"file page 4, lines 11-21"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 70, lines 53-7","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2023/23-51_869d.pdf","page_label":"file page 70, lines 53-7"}]},{"heading":"What each side wants","paragraphs":["the sides that brought the case want the Court to enforce their arbitration agreements.","the opposing sides want the Court to apply the statutory worker exemption."],"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 32, lines 19-13","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2023/23-51_869d.pdf","page_label":"file page 32, lines 19-13"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 4, lines 23-9","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2023/23-51_869d.pdf","page_label":"file page 4, lines 23-9"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 65, lines 33-51","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2023/23-51_869d.pdf","page_label":"file page 65, lines 33-51"}]},{"heading":"What each side says","paragraphs":["the sides that brought the case argue the exemption covers only workers transporting goods across borders.","the opposing sides argue the exemption covers any worker in a goods journey."],"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 32, lines 19-13","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2023/23-51_869d.pdf","page_label":"file page 32, lines 19-13"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 4, lines 23-9","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2023/23-51_869d.pdf","page_label":"file page 4, lines 23-9"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 65, lines 33-51","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2023/23-51_869d.pdf","page_label":"file page 65, lines 33-51"}]},{"heading":"What the justices asked","paragraphs":["Justice Thomas asked if this affects intrastate delivery drivers.","Justice Sotomayor asked how to handle office-based worker classifications."],"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 10, lines 7-23","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2023/23-51_869d.pdf","page_label":"file page 10, lines 7-23"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 12, lines 17-21","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2023/23-51_869d.pdf","page_label":"file page 12, lines 17-21"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 12, lines 27-29","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2023/23-51_869d.pdf","page_label":"file page 12, lines 27-29"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 13, lines 25-27","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2023/23-51_869d.pdf","page_label":"file page 13, lines 25-27"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 13, lines 31-49","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2023/23-51_869d.pdf","page_label":"file page 13, lines 31-49"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 14, lines 41-43","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2023/23-51_869d.pdf","page_label":"file page 14, lines 41-43"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 14, lines 49-51","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2023/23-51_869d.pdf","page_label":"file page 14, lines 49-51"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 15, lines 49-23","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2023/23-51_869d.pdf","page_label":"file page 15, lines 49-23"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 18, lines 21-21","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2023/23-51_869d.pdf","page_label":"file page 18, lines 21-21"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 6, lines 11-19","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2023/23-51_869d.pdf","page_label":"file page 6, lines 11-19"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 6, lines 45-51","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2023/23-51_869d.pdf","page_label":"file page 6, lines 45-51"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 70, lines 53-7","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2023/23-51_869d.pdf","page_label":"file page 70, lines 53-7"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 8, lines 33-43","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2023/23-51_869d.pdf","page_label":"file page 8, lines 33-43"}]},{"heading":"Why it matters","paragraphs":["This defines who must arbitrate employment disputes. It shapes labor rights nationwide."],"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 32, lines 19-13","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2023/23-51_869d.pdf","page_label":"file page 32, lines 19-13"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 4, lines 23-9","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2023/23-51_869d.pdf","page_label":"file page 4, lines 23-9"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 65, lines 33-51","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2023/23-51_869d.pdf","page_label":"file page 65, lines 33-51"}]},{"heading":"What happens next","paragraphs":["This article currently covers the argument record. Use the official docket link for later case activity."],"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 10, lines 7-23","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2023/23-51_869d.pdf","page_label":"file page 10, lines 7-23"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 12, lines 17-21","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2023/23-51_869d.pdf","page_label":"file page 12, lines 17-21"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 12, lines 27-29","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2023/23-51_869d.pdf","page_label":"file page 12, lines 27-29"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 13, lines 25-27","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2023/23-51_869d.pdf","page_label":"file page 13, lines 25-27"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 13, lines 31-49","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2023/23-51_869d.pdf","page_label":"file page 13, lines 31-49"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 14, lines 41-43","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2023/23-51_869d.pdf","page_label":"file page 14, lines 41-43"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 14, lines 49-51","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2023/23-51_869d.pdf","page_label":"file page 14, lines 49-51"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 15, lines 49-23","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2023/23-51_869d.pdf","page_label":"file page 15, lines 49-23"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 18, lines 21-21","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2023/23-51_869d.pdf","page_label":"file page 18, lines 21-21"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 4, lines 11-21","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2023/23-51_869d.pdf","page_label":"file page 4, lines 11-21"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 6, lines 11-19","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2023/23-51_869d.pdf","page_label":"file page 6, lines 11-19"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 6, lines 45-51","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2023/23-51_869d.pdf","page_label":"file page 6, lines 45-51"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 70, lines 53-7","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2023/23-51_869d.pdf","page_label":"file page 70, lines 53-7"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 8, lines 33-43","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2023/23-51_869d.pdf","page_label":"file page 8, lines 33-43"}]}],"slug":"2023-23-51-bissonnette-v-lepage-bakeries-park-st-llc","term":"2023","title":"Do warehouse workers qualify for the Federal Arbitration Act exemption?","title_sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 32, lines 19-13","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2023/23-51_869d.pdf","page_label":"file page 32, lines 19-13"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 4, lines 23-9","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2023/23-51_869d.pdf","page_label":"file page 4, lines 23-9"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 65, lines 33-51","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2023/23-51_869d.pdf","page_label":"file page 65, lines 33-51"}],"topics":[],"undated_disposition_date_fallback":"latest_argument_date","updated_at":"2026-09-05T03:22:24Z"}