{"argument_date":"2023-10-11T00:00:00Z","arguments":[{"argument_date":"2023-10-11T00:00:00Z","heading":"What happened at the argument","official_detail_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcript/2023","official_transcript_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2023/22-807_1chk.pdf","paragraphs":["Appellants argue the legislature pursued a political goal of increasing Republican vote share.","Appellees argue the state defendants disclaimed race but the disparities suggest otherwise.","argument_detail"],"reargument":false,"sequence":1,"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 10, lines 33-21","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2023/22-807_1chk.pdf","page_label":"file page 10, lines 33-21"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 102, lines 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37-37","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2023/22-807_1chk.pdf","page_label":"file page 67, lines 37-37"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 67, lines 39-39","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2023/22-807_1chk.pdf","page_label":"file page 67, lines 39-39"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 67, lines 55-9","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2023/22-807_1chk.pdf","page_label":"file page 67, lines 55-9"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 68, lines 15-21","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2023/22-807_1chk.pdf","page_label":"file page 68, lines 15-21"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 68, lines 39-47","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2023/22-807_1chk.pdf","page_label":"file page 68, lines 39-47"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 68, lines 53-9","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2023/22-807_1chk.pdf","page_label":"file page 68, lines 53-9"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 69, lines 41-45","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2023/22-807_1chk.pdf","page_label":"file page 69, lines 41-45"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 7, lines 33-41","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2023/22-807_1chk.pdf","page_label":"file page 7, lines 33-41"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 70, lines 15-17","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2023/22-807_1chk.pdf","page_label":"file page 70, lines 15-17"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 71, lines 27-29","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2023/22-807_1chk.pdf","page_label":"file page 71, lines 27-29"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 71, lines 33-39","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2023/22-807_1chk.pdf","page_label":"file page 71, lines 33-39"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 73, lines 33-47","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2023/22-807_1chk.pdf","page_label":"file page 73, lines 33-47"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 73, lines 9-19","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2023/22-807_1chk.pdf","page_label":"file page 73, lines 9-19"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 9, lines 31-35","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2023/22-807_1chk.pdf","page_label":"file page 9, lines 31-35"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 9, lines 41-9","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2023/22-807_1chk.pdf","page_label":"file page 9, lines 41-9"}]}],"caption":"Alexander v. SC Conference of NAACP","case_history":[{"changed_at":"2026-08-29T20:06:16.327079Z","explanation":"An official oral-argument transcript was verified.","status":"argued"},{"changed_at":"2026-08-29T20:06:16.382477Z","explanation":"An official oral-argument transcript was verified.","status":"argued"},{"changed_at":"2026-08-29T20:06:16.408066Z","explanation":"An official oral-argument transcript was verified.","status":"argued"},{"changed_at":"2026-08-29T23:56:06.054919Z","explanation":"An official Court opinion was verified.","status":"decided"}],"case_status":"decided","dek":"Appellants claim political goals drove the map. Appellees argue race predominated in the line drawing.","dek_sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 102, lines 13-17","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2023/22-807_1chk.pdf","page_label":"file page 102, lines 13-17"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 132, lines 17-31","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2023/22-807_1chk.pdf","page_label":"file page 132, lines 17-31"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 133, lines 17-19","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2023/22-807_1chk.pdf","page_label":"file page 133, lines 17-19"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 5, lines 25-31","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2023/22-807_1chk.pdf","page_label":"file page 5, lines 25-31"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 57, lines 35-25","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2023/22-807_1chk.pdf","page_label":"file page 57, lines 35-25"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 67, lines 37-37","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2023/22-807_1chk.pdf","page_label":"file page 67, lines 37-37"}],"dispositions":[],"latest_court_document_date":"2023-10-11T00:00:00Z","maturity":"post_opinion","official_detail_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcript/2023","official_disposition_urls":["https://www.supremecourt.gov/opinions/23pdf/602us1r24_j4ek.pdf"],"official_docket_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/docket/docketfiles/html/public/22-807.html","primary_docket":"22-807","revisions":[{"correction_note":"Rewritten to the concise citizen-facing editorial standard.","created_at":"2026-08-30T16:20:47.992298Z","maturity":"post_opinion","revision_number":1},{"correction_note":"Migrated to the dated official Court activity contract without model use.","created_at":"2026-09-05T03:22:24Z","maturity":"post_opinion","revision_number":2}],"schema_version":"1.1","sections":[{"heading":"What this case is about","paragraphs":["This case tests how courts weigh evidence when race and politics overlap in redistricting."],"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 102, lines 13-17","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2023/22-807_1chk.pdf","page_label":"file page 102, lines 13-17"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 132, lines 17-31","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2023/22-807_1chk.pdf","page_label":"file page 132, lines 17-31"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 133, lines 17-19","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2023/22-807_1chk.pdf","page_label":"file page 133, lines 17-19"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 5, lines 25-31","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2023/22-807_1chk.pdf","page_label":"file page 5, lines 25-31"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 57, lines 35-25","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2023/22-807_1chk.pdf","page_label":"file page 57, lines 35-25"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 67, lines 37-37","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2023/22-807_1chk.pdf","page_label":"file page 67, lines 37-37"}]},{"heading":"How the case got here","paragraphs":["The Supreme Court heard oral argument in this case on October 11, 2023."],"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 132, lines 33-49","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2023/22-807_1chk.pdf","page_label":"file page 132, lines 33-49"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 5, lines 11-23","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2023/22-807_1chk.pdf","page_label":"file page 5, lines 11-23"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 68, lines 53-9","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2023/22-807_1chk.pdf","page_label":"file page 68, lines 53-9"}]},{"heading":"What each side wants","paragraphs":["Appellants want the court to reverse the lower court's finding of a racial gerrymander.","Appellees want the court to affirm the lower court's finding that race predominated."],"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 102, lines 13-17","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2023/22-807_1chk.pdf","page_label":"file page 102, lines 13-17"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 132, lines 17-31","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2023/22-807_1chk.pdf","page_label":"file page 132, lines 17-31"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 133, lines 17-19","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2023/22-807_1chk.pdf","page_label":"file page 133, lines 17-19"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 5, lines 25-31","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2023/22-807_1chk.pdf","page_label":"file page 5, lines 25-31"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 57, lines 35-25","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2023/22-807_1chk.pdf","page_label":"file page 57, lines 35-25"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 67, lines 37-37","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2023/22-807_1chk.pdf","page_label":"file page 67, lines 37-37"}]},{"heading":"What each side says","paragraphs":["Appellants argue the legislature preserved the district's shape based on traditional criteria and politics.","Appellees argue the district's shape reflects a racial intent despite political correlations."],"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 102, lines 13-17","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2023/22-807_1chk.pdf","page_label":"file page 102, lines 13-17"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 132, lines 17-31","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2023/22-807_1chk.pdf","page_label":"file page 132, lines 17-31"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 133, lines 17-19","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2023/22-807_1chk.pdf","page_label":"file page 133, lines 17-19"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 5, lines 25-31","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2023/22-807_1chk.pdf","page_label":"file page 5, lines 25-31"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 57, lines 35-25","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2023/22-807_1chk.pdf","page_label":"file page 57, lines 35-25"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 67, lines 37-37","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2023/22-807_1chk.pdf","page_label":"file page 67, lines 37-37"}]},{"heading":"What the justices asked","paragraphs":["Justice Kagan asked if an alternative study controlling for geography reached a different result.","Justice Alito asked if the prior case involved direct evidence of intent."],"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 10, lines 33-21","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2023/22-807_1chk.pdf","page_label":"file page 10, lines 33-21"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 11, lines 43-45","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2023/22-807_1chk.pdf","page_label":"file page 11, lines 43-45"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 11, lines 47-37","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2023/22-807_1chk.pdf","page_label":"file page 11, lines 47-37"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 13, lines 55-19","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2023/22-807_1chk.pdf","page_label":"file page 13, lines 55-19"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 13, lines 7-41","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2023/22-807_1chk.pdf","page_label":"file page 13, lines 7-41"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 131, lines 45-15","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2023/22-807_1chk.pdf","page_label":"file page 131, lines 45-15"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 132, lines 33-49","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2023/22-807_1chk.pdf","page_label":"file page 132, lines 33-49"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 133, lines 7-15","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2023/22-807_1chk.pdf","page_label":"file page 133, lines 7-15"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 138, lines 21-23","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2023/22-807_1chk.pdf","page_label":"file page 138, lines 21-23"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 138, lines 31-35","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2023/22-807_1chk.pdf","page_label":"file page 138, lines 31-35"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 14, lines 23-25","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2023/22-807_1chk.pdf","page_label":"file page 14, lines 23-25"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 14, lines 27-33","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2023/22-807_1chk.pdf","page_label":"file page 14, lines 27-33"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 14, lines 37-35","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2023/22-807_1chk.pdf","page_label":"file page 14, lines 37-35"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 16, lines 7-19","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2023/22-807_1chk.pdf","page_label":"file page 16, lines 7-19"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 67, lines 27-35","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2023/22-807_1chk.pdf","page_label":"file page 67, lines 27-35"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 67, lines 39-39","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2023/22-807_1chk.pdf","page_label":"file page 67, lines 39-39"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 67, lines 55-9","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2023/22-807_1chk.pdf","page_label":"file page 67, lines 55-9"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 68, lines 15-21","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2023/22-807_1chk.pdf","page_label":"file page 68, lines 15-21"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 68, lines 39-47","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2023/22-807_1chk.pdf","page_label":"file page 68, lines 39-47"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 68, lines 53-9","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2023/22-807_1chk.pdf","page_label":"file page 68, lines 53-9"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 69, lines 41-45","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2023/22-807_1chk.pdf","page_label":"file page 69, lines 41-45"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 7, lines 33-41","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2023/22-807_1chk.pdf","page_label":"file page 7, lines 33-41"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 70, lines 15-17","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2023/22-807_1chk.pdf","page_label":"file page 70, lines 15-17"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 71, lines 27-29","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2023/22-807_1chk.pdf","page_label":"file page 71, lines 27-29"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 71, lines 33-39","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2023/22-807_1chk.pdf","page_label":"file page 71, lines 33-39"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 73, lines 33-47","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2023/22-807_1chk.pdf","page_label":"file page 73, lines 33-47"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 73, lines 9-19","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2023/22-807_1chk.pdf","page_label":"file page 73, lines 9-19"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 9, lines 31-35","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2023/22-807_1chk.pdf","page_label":"file page 9, lines 31-35"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 9, lines 41-9","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2023/22-807_1chk.pdf","page_label":"file page 9, lines 41-9"}]},{"heading":"Why it matters","paragraphs":["The outcome defines how courts distinguish between political and racial motives in map drawing."],"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 102, lines 13-17","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2023/22-807_1chk.pdf","page_label":"file page 102, lines 13-17"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 132, lines 17-31","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2023/22-807_1chk.pdf","page_label":"file page 132, lines 17-31"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 133, lines 17-19","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2023/22-807_1chk.pdf","page_label":"file page 133, lines 17-19"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 5, lines 25-31","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2023/22-807_1chk.pdf","page_label":"file page 5, lines 25-31"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 57, lines 35-25","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2023/22-807_1chk.pdf","page_label":"file page 57, lines 35-25"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 67, lines 37-37","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2023/22-807_1chk.pdf","page_label":"file page 67, lines 37-37"}]},{"heading":"What happens next","paragraphs":["This article currently covers the argument record. Use the official docket link for later case activity."],"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 10, lines 33-21","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2023/22-807_1chk.pdf","page_label":"file page 10, lines 33-21"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 11, lines 43-45","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2023/22-807_1chk.pdf","page_label":"file page 11, lines 43-45"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 11, lines 47-37","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2023/22-807_1chk.pdf","page_label":"file page 11, lines 47-37"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 13, lines 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