{"argument_date":"2023-10-03T00:00:00Z","arguments":[{"argument_date":"2023-10-03T00:00:00Z","heading":"What happened at the argument","official_detail_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcript/2023","official_transcript_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2023/22-448_2ma8.pdf","paragraphs":["General Prelogar argued the Fifth Circuit decision was historically unprecedented.","Mr. Francisco argued the case involves checks and balances.","argument_summary"],"reargument":false,"sequence":1,"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 101, lines 31-51","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2023/22-448_2ma8.pdf","page_label":"file page 101, lines 31-51"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 106, lines 45-27","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2023/22-448_2ma8.pdf","page_label":"file page 106, lines 45-27"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 11, lines 9-9","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2023/22-448_2ma8.pdf","page_label":"file page 11, lines 9-9"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 12, lines 53-19","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2023/22-448_2ma8.pdf","page_label":"file page 12, lines 53-19"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 15, lines 21-39","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2023/22-448_2ma8.pdf","page_label":"file page 15, lines 21-39"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 15, lines 55-9","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2023/22-448_2ma8.pdf","page_label":"file page 15, lines 55-9"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 16, lines 21-23","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2023/22-448_2ma8.pdf","page_label":"file page 16, lines 21-23"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 16, lines 29-31","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2023/22-448_2ma8.pdf","page_label":"file page 16, lines 29-31"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 16, lines 49-7","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2023/22-448_2ma8.pdf","page_label":"file page 16, lines 49-7"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 17, lines 37-41","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2023/22-448_2ma8.pdf","page_label":"file page 17, lines 37-41"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 4, lines 11-23","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2023/22-448_2ma8.pdf","page_label":"file page 4, lines 11-23"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 4, lines 25-37","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2023/22-448_2ma8.pdf","page_label":"file page 4, lines 25-37"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 50, lines 11-15","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2023/22-448_2ma8.pdf","page_label":"file page 50, lines 11-15"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 6, lines 39-43","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2023/22-448_2ma8.pdf","page_label":"file page 6, lines 39-43"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 68, lines 21-27","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2023/22-448_2ma8.pdf","page_label":"file page 68, lines 21-27"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 68, lines 41-11","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2023/22-448_2ma8.pdf","page_label":"file page 68, lines 41-11"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 69, lines 15-25","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2023/22-448_2ma8.pdf","page_label":"file page 69, lines 15-25"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 70, lines 55-41","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2023/22-448_2ma8.pdf","page_label":"file page 70, lines 55-41"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 72, lines 37-23","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2023/22-448_2ma8.pdf","page_label":"file page 72, lines 37-23"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 73, lines 29-39","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2023/22-448_2ma8.pdf","page_label":"file page 73, lines 29-39"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 73, lines 43-53","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2023/22-448_2ma8.pdf","page_label":"file page 73, lines 43-53"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 75, lines 45-49","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2023/22-448_2ma8.pdf","page_label":"file page 75, lines 45-49"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 76, lines 23-25","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2023/22-448_2ma8.pdf","page_label":"file page 76, lines 23-25"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 77, lines 21-25","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2023/22-448_2ma8.pdf","page_label":"file page 77, lines 21-25"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 78, lines 21-45","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2023/22-448_2ma8.pdf","page_label":"file page 78, lines 21-45"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 8, lines 53-21","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2023/22-448_2ma8.pdf","page_label":"file page 8, lines 53-21"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 8, lines 9-17","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2023/22-448_2ma8.pdf","page_label":"file page 8, lines 9-17"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 80, lines 25-35","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2023/22-448_2ma8.pdf","page_label":"file page 80, lines 25-35"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 80, lines 45-21","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2023/22-448_2ma8.pdf","page_label":"file page 80, lines 45-21"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 9, lines 53-9","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2023/22-448_2ma8.pdf","page_label":"file page 9, lines 53-9"}]}],"caption":"CFPB v. Com. Fin. Services Assn.","case_history":[{"changed_at":"2026-08-29T20:06:16.264870Z","explanation":"An official oral-argument transcript was verified.","status":"argued"},{"changed_at":"2026-08-29T20:06:16.292895Z","explanation":"An official oral-argument transcript was verified.","status":"argued"},{"changed_at":"2026-08-29T23:56:04.916894Z","explanation":"An official Court opinion was verified.","status":"decided"}],"case_status":"decided","dek":"The CFPB argues its funding is constitutional. The industry group claims Congress broke the Appropriations Clause.","dek_sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 106, lines 45-27","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2023/22-448_2ma8.pdf","page_label":"file page 106, lines 45-27"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 4, lines 25-37","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2023/22-448_2ma8.pdf","page_label":"file page 4, lines 25-37"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 50, lines 11-15","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2023/22-448_2ma8.pdf","page_label":"file page 50, lines 11-15"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 68, lines 21-27","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2023/22-448_2ma8.pdf","page_label":"file page 68, lines 21-27"}],"dispositions":[],"latest_court_document_date":"2023-10-03T00:00:00Z","maturity":"post_opinion","official_detail_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcript/2023","official_disposition_urls":["https://www.supremecourt.gov/opinions/23pdf/601us2r21_7648.pdf"],"official_docket_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/docket/docketfiles/html/public/22-448.html","primary_docket":"22-448","revisions":[{"correction_note":"Rewritten to the concise citizen-facing editorial standard.","created_at":"2026-08-30T16:21:58.009193Z","maturity":"post_opinion","revision_number":1},{"correction_note":"Migrated to the dated official Court activity contract without model use.","created_at":"2026-09-05T03:22:24Z","maturity":"post_opinion","revision_number":2}],"schema_version":"1.1","sections":[{"heading":"What this case is about","paragraphs":["The CFPB argues its funding is constitutional. The industry group claims Congress broke the Appropriations Clause."],"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 106, lines 45-27","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2023/22-448_2ma8.pdf","page_label":"file page 106, lines 45-27"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 4, lines 25-37","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2023/22-448_2ma8.pdf","page_label":"file page 4, lines 25-37"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 50, lines 11-15","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2023/22-448_2ma8.pdf","page_label":"file page 50, lines 11-15"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 68, lines 21-27","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2023/22-448_2ma8.pdf","page_label":"file page 68, lines 21-27"}]},{"heading":"How the case got here","paragraphs":["The Supreme Court heard oral argument in this case on October 3, 2023."],"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 101, lines 31-51","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2023/22-448_2ma8.pdf","page_label":"file page 101, lines 31-51"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 4, lines 11-23","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2023/22-448_2ma8.pdf","page_label":"file page 4, lines 11-23"}]},{"heading":"What each side wants","paragraphs":["The CFPB wants the Court to uphold its funding.","The industry group wants the Court to strike down the funding."],"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 106, lines 45-27","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2023/22-448_2ma8.pdf","page_label":"file page 106, lines 45-27"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 4, lines 25-37","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2023/22-448_2ma8.pdf","page_label":"file page 4, lines 25-37"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 50, lines 11-15","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2023/22-448_2ma8.pdf","page_label":"file page 50, lines 11-15"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 68, lines 21-27","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2023/22-448_2ma8.pdf","page_label":"file page 68, lines 21-27"}]},{"heading":"What each side says","paragraphs":["The CFPB argues Congress did not need to set a spending cap.","The industry group argues Congress must set a specific spending limit."],"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 106, lines 45-27","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2023/22-448_2ma8.pdf","page_label":"file page 106, lines 45-27"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 4, lines 25-37","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2023/22-448_2ma8.pdf","page_label":"file page 4, lines 25-37"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 50, lines 11-15","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2023/22-448_2ma8.pdf","page_label":"file page 50, lines 11-15"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 68, lines 21-27","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2023/22-448_2ma8.pdf","page_label":"file page 68, lines 21-27"}]},{"heading":"What the justices asked","paragraphs":["Chief Justice Roberts asked about the aggressive view of congressional authority.","Justice Gorsuch asked about the role of upper limits on spending."],"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 11, lines 9-9","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2023/22-448_2ma8.pdf","page_label":"file page 11, lines 9-9"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 12, lines 53-19","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2023/22-448_2ma8.pdf","page_label":"file page 12, lines 53-19"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 15, lines 21-39","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2023/22-448_2ma8.pdf","page_label":"file page 15, lines 21-39"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 15, lines 55-9","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2023/22-448_2ma8.pdf","page_label":"file page 15, lines 55-9"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 16, lines 21-23","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2023/22-448_2ma8.pdf","page_label":"file page 16, lines 21-23"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 16, lines 29-31","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2023/22-448_2ma8.pdf","page_label":"file page 16, lines 29-31"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 16, lines 49-7","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2023/22-448_2ma8.pdf","page_label":"file page 16, lines 49-7"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 17, lines 37-41","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2023/22-448_2ma8.pdf","page_label":"file page 17, lines 37-41"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 6, lines 39-43","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2023/22-448_2ma8.pdf","page_label":"file page 6, lines 39-43"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 68, lines 41-11","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2023/22-448_2ma8.pdf","page_label":"file page 68, lines 41-11"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 69, lines 15-25","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2023/22-448_2ma8.pdf","page_label":"file page 69, lines 15-25"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 70, lines 55-41","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2023/22-448_2ma8.pdf","page_label":"file page 70, lines 55-41"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 72, lines 37-23","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2023/22-448_2ma8.pdf","page_label":"file page 72, lines 37-23"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 73, lines 29-39","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2023/22-448_2ma8.pdf","page_label":"file page 73, lines 29-39"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 73, lines 43-53","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2023/22-448_2ma8.pdf","page_label":"file page 73, lines 43-53"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 75, lines 45-49","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2023/22-448_2ma8.pdf","page_label":"file page 75, lines 45-49"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 76, lines 23-25","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2023/22-448_2ma8.pdf","page_label":"file page 76, lines 23-25"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 77, lines 21-25","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2023/22-448_2ma8.pdf","page_label":"file page 77, lines 21-25"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 78, lines 21-45","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2023/22-448_2ma8.pdf","page_label":"file page 78, lines 21-45"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 8, lines 53-21","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2023/22-448_2ma8.pdf","page_label":"file page 8, lines 53-21"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 8, lines 9-17","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2023/22-448_2ma8.pdf","page_label":"file page 8, lines 9-17"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 80, lines 25-35","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2023/22-448_2ma8.pdf","page_label":"file page 80, lines 25-35"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 80, lines 45-21","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2023/22-448_2ma8.pdf","page_label":"file page 80, lines 45-21"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 9, lines 53-9","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2023/22-448_2ma8.pdf","page_label":"file page 9, lines 53-9"}]},{"heading":"Why it matters","paragraphs":["This case defines how Congress funds independent agencies. It shapes the balance of power between branches."],"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 106, lines 45-27","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2023/22-448_2ma8.pdf","page_label":"file page 106, lines 45-27"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 4, lines 25-37","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2023/22-448_2ma8.pdf","page_label":"file page 4, lines 25-37"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 50, lines 11-15","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2023/22-448_2ma8.pdf","page_label":"file page 50, lines 11-15"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 68, lines 21-27","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2023/22-448_2ma8.pdf","page_label":"file page 68, lines 21-27"}]},{"heading":"What happens next","paragraphs":["This article currently covers the argument record. Use the official docket link for later case activity."],"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 101, lines 31-51","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2023/22-448_2ma8.pdf","page_label":"file page 101, lines 31-51"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 11, lines 9-9","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2023/22-448_2ma8.pdf","page_label":"file page 11, lines 9-9"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 12, lines 53-19","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2023/22-448_2ma8.pdf","page_label":"file page 12, lines 53-19"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 15, lines 21-39","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2023/22-448_2ma8.pdf","page_label":"file page 15, lines 21-39"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 15, lines 55-9","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2023/22-448_2ma8.pdf","page_label":"file page 15, lines 55-9"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 16, lines 21-23","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2023/22-448_2ma8.pdf","page_label":"file page 16, lines 21-23"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 16, lines 29-31","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2023/22-448_2ma8.pdf","page_label":"file page 16, lines 29-31"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 16, lines 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