{"argument_date":"2022-01-07T00:00:00Z","arguments":[{"argument_date":"2022-01-07T00:00:00Z","heading":"What happened at the argument","official_detail_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcript/2021","official_transcript_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2021/21a240_21o3.pdf","paragraphs":["Mr. Fletcher argued that healthcare settings are conducive to virus spread.","Mr. Osete argued that healthcare workers face job loss if they refuse the mandate.","justice_questions"],"reargument":false,"sequence":1,"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 10, lines 40-52","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2021/21a240_21o3.pdf","page_label":"file page 10, lines 40-52"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 11, lines 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40-42","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2021/21a240_21o3.pdf","page_label":"file page 7, lines 40-42"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 70, lines 18-22","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2021/21a240_21o3.pdf","page_label":"file page 70, lines 18-22"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 70, lines 30-50","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2021/21a240_21o3.pdf","page_label":"file page 70, lines 30-50"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 71, lines 16-30","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2021/21a240_21o3.pdf","page_label":"file page 71, lines 16-30"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 72, lines 38-1","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2021/21a240_21o3.pdf","page_label":"file page 72, lines 38-1"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 73, lines 40-42","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2021/21a240_21o3.pdf","page_label":"file page 73, lines 40-42"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 73, lines 46-52","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2021/21a240_21o3.pdf","page_label":"file page 73, lines 46-52"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 73, lines 54-1","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2021/21a240_21o3.pdf","page_label":"file page 73, lines 54-1"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 8, lines 18-20","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2021/21a240_21o3.pdf","page_label":"file page 8, lines 18-20"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 8, lines 30-44","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2021/21a240_21o3.pdf","page_label":"file page 8, lines 30-44"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 8, lines 48-48","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2021/21a240_21o3.pdf","page_label":"file page 8, lines 48-48"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 9, lines 52-8","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2021/21a240_21o3.pdf","page_label":"file page 9, lines 52-8"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 90, lines 14-18","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2021/21a240_21o3.pdf","page_label":"file page 90, lines 14-18"}]}],"caption":"Biden v. Missouri","case_history":[{"changed_at":"2026-08-29T20:06:17.739491Z","explanation":"An official oral-argument transcript was verified.","status":"argued"},{"changed_at":"2026-08-29T20:06:17.770090Z","explanation":"An official oral-argument transcript was verified.","status":"argued"},{"changed_at":"2026-08-29T23:57:10.869717Z","explanation":"An official Court opinion was verified.","status":"decided"}],"case_status":"decided","dek":"Missouri argues the mandate exceeds federal power. The government says it protects vulnerable patients.","dek_sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 46, lines 48-6","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2021/21a240_21o3.pdf","page_label":"file page 46, lines 48-6"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 5, lines 24-38","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2021/21a240_21o3.pdf","page_label":"file page 5, lines 24-38"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 66, lines 24-28","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2021/21a240_21o3.pdf","page_label":"file page 66, lines 24-28"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 73, lines 54-1","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2021/21a240_21o3.pdf","page_label":"file page 73, lines 54-1"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 90, lines 14-18","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2021/21a240_21o3.pdf","page_label":"file page 90, lines 14-18"}],"dispositions":[],"latest_court_document_date":"2022-01-07T00:00:00Z","maturity":"post_opinion","official_detail_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcript/2021","official_disposition_urls":["https://www.supremecourt.gov/opinions/21pdf/595us1r7_4315.pdf"],"official_docket_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/docket/docketfiles/html/public/21A240.html","primary_docket":"21A240","revisions":[{"correction_note":"Rewritten to the concise citizen-facing editorial standard.","created_at":"2026-08-30T16:57:27.013806Z","maturity":"post_opinion","revision_number":1},{"correction_note":"Migrated to the dated official Court activity contract without model use.","created_at":"2026-09-05T03:22:24Z","maturity":"post_opinion","revision_number":2}],"schema_version":"1.1","sections":[{"heading":"What this case is about","paragraphs":["The case tests the scope of federal authority over private healthcare employers."],"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 46, lines 48-6","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2021/21a240_21o3.pdf","page_label":"file page 46, lines 48-6"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 5, lines 24-38","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2021/21a240_21o3.pdf","page_label":"file page 5, lines 24-38"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 66, lines 24-28","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2021/21a240_21o3.pdf","page_label":"file page 66, lines 24-28"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 73, lines 54-1","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2021/21a240_21o3.pdf","page_label":"file page 73, lines 54-1"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 90, lines 14-18","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2021/21a240_21o3.pdf","page_label":"file page 90, lines 14-18"}]},{"heading":"How the case got here","paragraphs":["The Supreme Court heard oral argument in this case on January 7, 2022."],"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 5, lines 10-22","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2021/21a240_21o3.pdf","page_label":"file page 5, lines 10-22"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 71, lines 16-30","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2021/21a240_21o3.pdf","page_label":"file page 71, lines 16-30"}]},{"heading":"What each side wants","paragraphs":["Missouri wants the Court to strike down the vaccine mandate.","The government wants the Court to uphold the vaccine mandate."],"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 46, lines 48-6","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2021/21a240_21o3.pdf","page_label":"file page 46, lines 48-6"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 5, lines 24-38","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2021/21a240_21o3.pdf","page_label":"file page 5, lines 24-38"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 66, lines 24-28","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2021/21a240_21o3.pdf","page_label":"file page 66, lines 24-28"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 73, lines 54-1","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2021/21a240_21o3.pdf","page_label":"file page 73, lines 54-1"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 90, lines 14-18","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2021/21a240_21o3.pdf","page_label":"file page 90, lines 14-18"}]},{"heading":"What each side says","paragraphs":["Missouri argues the government lacks legal authority to force private employers to mandate vaccines.","The government argues the mandate is necessary to protect vulnerable patients in healthcare settings."],"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 46, lines 48-6","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2021/21a240_21o3.pdf","page_label":"file page 46, lines 48-6"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 5, lines 24-38","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2021/21a240_21o3.pdf","page_label":"file page 5, lines 24-38"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 66, lines 24-28","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2021/21a240_21o3.pdf","page_label":"file page 66, lines 24-28"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 73, lines 54-1","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2021/21a240_21o3.pdf","page_label":"file page 73, lines 54-1"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 90, lines 14-18","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2021/21a240_21o3.pdf","page_label":"file page 90, lines 14-18"}]},{"heading":"What the justices asked","paragraphs":["Justice Thomas asked if the Secretary has authority beyond specific statutory language.","Chief Justice Roberts asked which agency faces a closer danger to the public."],"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 10, lines 40-52","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2021/21a240_21o3.pdf","page_label":"file page 10, lines 40-52"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 11, lines 32-42","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2021/21a240_21o3.pdf","page_label":"file page 11, lines 32-42"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 12, lines 20-26","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2021/21a240_21o3.pdf","page_label":"file page 12, lines 20-26"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 12, lines 46-6","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2021/21a240_21o3.pdf","page_label":"file page 12, lines 46-6"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 13, lines 10-14","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2021/21a240_21o3.pdf","page_label":"file page 13, lines 10-14"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 13, lines 42-28","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2021/21a240_21o3.pdf","page_label":"file page 13, lines 42-28"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 15, lines 26-40","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2021/21a240_21o3.pdf","page_label":"file page 15, lines 26-40"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 64, lines 22-22","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2021/21a240_21o3.pdf","page_label":"file page 64, lines 22-22"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 67, lines 30-30","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2021/21a240_21o3.pdf","page_label":"file page 67, lines 30-30"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 67, lines 36-18","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2021/21a240_21o3.pdf","page_label":"file page 67, lines 36-18"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 68, lines 30-38","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2021/21a240_21o3.pdf","page_label":"file page 68, lines 30-38"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 68, lines 42-14","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2021/21a240_21o3.pdf","page_label":"file page 68, lines 42-14"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 69, lines 32-38","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2021/21a240_21o3.pdf","page_label":"file page 69, lines 32-38"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 7, lines 40-42","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2021/21a240_21o3.pdf","page_label":"file page 7, lines 40-42"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 70, lines 18-22","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2021/21a240_21o3.pdf","page_label":"file page 70, lines 18-22"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 70, lines 30-50","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2021/21a240_21o3.pdf","page_label":"file page 70, lines 30-50"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 71, lines 16-30","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2021/21a240_21o3.pdf","page_label":"file page 71, lines 16-30"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 72, lines 38-1","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2021/21a240_21o3.pdf","page_label":"file page 72, lines 38-1"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 73, lines 40-42","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2021/21a240_21o3.pdf","page_label":"file page 73, lines 40-42"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 73, lines 46-52","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2021/21a240_21o3.pdf","page_label":"file page 73, lines 46-52"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 8, lines 18-20","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2021/21a240_21o3.pdf","page_label":"file page 8, lines 18-20"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 8, lines 30-44","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2021/21a240_21o3.pdf","page_label":"file page 8, lines 30-44"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 8, lines 48-48","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2021/21a240_21o3.pdf","page_label":"file page 8, lines 48-48"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 9, lines 52-8","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2021/21a240_21o3.pdf","page_label":"file page 9, lines 52-8"}]},{"heading":"Why it matters","paragraphs":["The outcome defines the limits of federal power over private employment. It determines whether the government can mandate vaccines in healthcare. This affects millions of workers and patients nationwide."],"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 46, lines 48-6","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2021/21a240_21o3.pdf","page_label":"file page 46, lines 48-6"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 5, lines 24-38","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2021/21a240_21o3.pdf","page_label":"file page 5, lines 24-38"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 66, lines 24-28","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2021/21a240_21o3.pdf","page_label":"file page 66, lines 24-28"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 73, lines 54-1","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2021/21a240_21o3.pdf","page_label":"file page 73, lines 54-1"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 90, lines 14-18","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2021/21a240_21o3.pdf","page_label":"file page 90, lines 14-18"}]},{"heading":"What happens next","paragraphs":["This article currently covers the argument record. Use the official docket link for later case activity."],"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 10, lines 40-52","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2021/21a240_21o3.pdf","page_label":"file page 10, lines 40-52"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 11, lines 32-42","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2021/21a240_21o3.pdf","page_label":"file page 11, lines 32-42"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 12, lines 20-26","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2021/21a240_21o3.pdf","page_label":"file page 12, lines 20-26"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 12, lines 46-6","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2021/21a240_21o3.pdf","page_label":"file page 12, lines 46-6"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 13, lines 10-14","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2021/21a240_21o3.pdf","page_label":"file page 13, lines 10-14"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 13, lines 42-28","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2021/21a240_21o3.pdf","page_label":"file page 13, lines 42-28"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 15, lines 26-40","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2021/21a240_21o3.pdf","page_label":"file page 15, lines 26-40"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 5, lines 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