{"argument_date":"2022-03-02T00:00:00Z","arguments":[{"argument_date":"2022-03-02T00:00:00Z","heading":"What happened at the argument","official_detail_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcript/2021","official_transcript_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2021/21-147_3f0m.pdf","paragraphs":["Ms. Harris argued that the Court should not expand Bivens for the first time in 40 years.","Ms. Ellsworth argued that the claim is materially indistinguishable from Bivens itself.","Mr. Huston argued that a straightforward application of Bivens precedents supports reversing the judgment."],"reargument":false,"sequence":1,"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 10, lines 13-17","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2021/21-147_3f0m.pdf","page_label":"file page 10, lines 13-17"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court 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file page 13, lines 27-1","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2021/21-147_3f0m.pdf","page_label":"file page 13, lines 27-1"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 14, lines 11-17","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2021/21-147_3f0m.pdf","page_label":"file page 14, lines 11-17"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 14, lines 25-31","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2021/21-147_3f0m.pdf","page_label":"file page 14, lines 25-31"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 24, lines 49-17","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2021/21-147_3f0m.pdf","page_label":"file page 24, lines 49-17"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 4, lines 11-21","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2021/21-147_3f0m.pdf","page_label":"file page 4, lines 11-21"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 4, lines 23-17","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2021/21-147_3f0m.pdf","page_label":"file page 4, lines 23-17"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 42, lines 35-41","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2021/21-147_3f0m.pdf","page_label":"file page 42, lines 35-41"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 6, lines 19-27","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2021/21-147_3f0m.pdf","page_label":"file page 6, lines 19-27"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 66, lines 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41-15","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2021/21-147_3f0m.pdf","page_label":"file page 70, lines 41-15"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 71, lines 45-17","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2021/21-147_3f0m.pdf","page_label":"file page 71, lines 45-17"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 74, lines 47-53","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2021/21-147_3f0m.pdf","page_label":"file page 74, lines 47-53"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 75, lines 53-13","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2021/21-147_3f0m.pdf","page_label":"file page 75, lines 53-13"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 76, lines 21-27","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2021/21-147_3f0m.pdf","page_label":"file page 76, lines 21-27"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 76, lines 41-43","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2021/21-147_3f0m.pdf","page_label":"file page 76, lines 41-43"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 76, lines 53-13","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2021/21-147_3f0m.pdf","page_label":"file page 76, lines 53-13"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 8, lines 25-41","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2021/21-147_3f0m.pdf","page_label":"file page 8, lines 25-41"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 83, lines 51-45","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2021/21-147_3f0m.pdf","page_label":"file page 83, lines 51-45"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 9, lines 13-19","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2021/21-147_3f0m.pdf","page_label":"file page 9, lines 13-19"}]}],"caption":"Egbert v. Boule","case_history":[{"changed_at":"2026-08-29T20:06:17.701946Z","explanation":"An official oral-argument transcript was verified.","status":"argued"},{"changed_at":"2026-08-29T20:06:17.731270Z","explanation":"An official oral-argument transcript was verified.","status":"argued"},{"changed_at":"2026-08-29T23:57:11.081207Z","explanation":"An official Court opinion was verified.","status":"decided"}],"case_status":"decided","dek":"The dispute centers on whether federal courts can create new damages remedies for constitutional violations.","dek_sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 24, lines 49-17","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2021/21-147_3f0m.pdf","page_label":"file page 24, lines 49-17"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 4, lines 23-17","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2021/21-147_3f0m.pdf","page_label":"file page 4, lines 23-17"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 42, lines 35-41","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2021/21-147_3f0m.pdf","page_label":"file page 42, lines 35-41"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 67, lines 15-15","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2021/21-147_3f0m.pdf","page_label":"file page 67, lines 15-15"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 83, lines 51-45","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2021/21-147_3f0m.pdf","page_label":"file page 83, lines 51-45"}],"dispositions":[],"latest_court_document_date":"2022-03-02T00:00:00Z","maturity":"post_opinion","official_detail_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcript/2021","official_disposition_urls":["https://www.supremecourt.gov/opinions/21pdf/596us1r37_7l48.pdf"],"official_docket_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/docket/docketfiles/html/public/21-147.html","primary_docket":"21-147","revisions":[{"correction_note":"Rewritten to the concise citizen-facing editorial standard.","created_at":"2026-08-30T16:53:03.779530Z","maturity":"post_opinion","revision_number":1},{"correction_note":"Migrated to the dated official Court activity contract without model use.","created_at":"2026-09-05T03:22:24Z","maturity":"post_opinion","revision_number":2}],"schema_version":"1.1","sections":[{"heading":"What this case is about","paragraphs":["This case tests the scope of Bivens remedies. The Court must decide if federal courts can authorize new damages suits against federal agents."],"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 24, lines 49-17","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2021/21-147_3f0m.pdf","page_label":"file page 24, lines 49-17"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 4, lines 23-17","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2021/21-147_3f0m.pdf","page_label":"file page 4, lines 23-17"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 42, lines 35-41","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2021/21-147_3f0m.pdf","page_label":"file page 42, lines 35-41"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 67, lines 15-15","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2021/21-147_3f0m.pdf","page_label":"file page 67, lines 15-15"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 83, lines 51-45","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2021/21-147_3f0m.pdf","page_label":"file page 83, lines 51-45"}]},{"heading":"How the case got here","paragraphs":["The Supreme Court heard oral argument in this case on March 2, 2022."],"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 4, lines 11-21","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2021/21-147_3f0m.pdf","page_label":"file page 4, lines 11-21"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 67, lines 17-25","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2021/21-147_3f0m.pdf","page_label":"file page 67, lines 17-25"}]},{"heading":"What each side wants","paragraphs":["the side that brought the case wants the Court to reverse the lower court judgment.","the opposing side wants the Court to affirm the lower court judgment."],"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 24, lines 49-17","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2021/21-147_3f0m.pdf","page_label":"file page 24, lines 49-17"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 4, lines 23-17","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2021/21-147_3f0m.pdf","page_label":"file page 4, lines 23-17"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 42, lines 35-41","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2021/21-147_3f0m.pdf","page_label":"file page 42, lines 35-41"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 67, lines 15-15","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2021/21-147_3f0m.pdf","page_label":"file page 67, lines 15-15"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 83, lines 51-45","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2021/21-147_3f0m.pdf","page_label":"file page 83, lines 51-45"}]},{"heading":"What each side says","paragraphs":["the side that brought the case argues that Bivens extensions clash with modern precedent.","the opposing side argues that the claim is indistinguishable from Bivens."],"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 24, lines 49-17","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2021/21-147_3f0m.pdf","page_label":"file page 24, lines 49-17"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 4, lines 23-17","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2021/21-147_3f0m.pdf","page_label":"file page 4, lines 23-17"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 42, lines 35-41","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2021/21-147_3f0m.pdf","page_label":"file page 42, lines 35-41"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 67, lines 15-15","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2021/21-147_3f0m.pdf","page_label":"file page 67, lines 15-15"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 83, lines 51-45","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2021/21-147_3f0m.pdf","page_label":"file page 83, lines 51-45"}]},{"heading":"What the justices asked","paragraphs":["Justice Thomas asked why the Fourth Amendment claim does not foreclose the argument.","Justice Sotomayor asked what special factor exists at the border for Customs agents."],"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 10, lines 13-17","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2021/21-147_3f0m.pdf","page_label":"file page 10, lines 13-17"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 10, lines 53-45","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2021/21-147_3f0m.pdf","page_label":"file page 10, lines 53-45"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 11, lines 51-7","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2021/21-147_3f0m.pdf","page_label":"file page 11, lines 51-7"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 12, lines 21-43","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2021/21-147_3f0m.pdf","page_label":"file page 12, lines 21-43"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 13, lines 21-21","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2021/21-147_3f0m.pdf","page_label":"file page 13, lines 21-21"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 13, lines 27-1","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2021/21-147_3f0m.pdf","page_label":"file page 13, lines 27-1"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 14, lines 11-17","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2021/21-147_3f0m.pdf","page_label":"file page 14, lines 11-17"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 14, lines 25-31","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2021/21-147_3f0m.pdf","page_label":"file page 14, lines 25-31"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 6, lines 19-27","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2021/21-147_3f0m.pdf","page_label":"file page 6, lines 19-27"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 66, lines 45-13","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2021/21-147_3f0m.pdf","page_label":"file page 66, lines 45-13"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 67, lines 55-15","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2021/21-147_3f0m.pdf","page_label":"file page 67, lines 55-15"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 68, lines 25-29","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2021/21-147_3f0m.pdf","page_label":"file page 68, lines 25-29"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 68, lines 47-7","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2021/21-147_3f0m.pdf","page_label":"file page 68, lines 47-7"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 69, lines 25-47","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2021/21-147_3f0m.pdf","page_label":"file page 69, lines 25-47"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 7, lines 21-33","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2021/21-147_3f0m.pdf","page_label":"file page 7, lines 21-33"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 70, lines 41-15","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2021/21-147_3f0m.pdf","page_label":"file page 70, lines 41-15"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 71, lines 45-17","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2021/21-147_3f0m.pdf","page_label":"file page 71, lines 45-17"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 74, lines 47-53","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2021/21-147_3f0m.pdf","page_label":"file page 74, lines 47-53"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 75, lines 53-13","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2021/21-147_3f0m.pdf","page_label":"file page 75, lines 53-13"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 76, lines 21-27","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2021/21-147_3f0m.pdf","page_label":"file page 76, lines 21-27"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 76, lines 41-43","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2021/21-147_3f0m.pdf","page_label":"file page 76, lines 41-43"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 76, lines 53-13","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2021/21-147_3f0m.pdf","page_label":"file page 76, lines 53-13"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 8, lines 25-41","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2021/21-147_3f0m.pdf","page_label":"file page 8, lines 25-41"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 9, lines 13-19","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2021/21-147_3f0m.pdf","page_label":"file page 9, lines 13-19"}]},{"heading":"Why it matters","paragraphs":["This case defines the limits of federal court jurisdiction over damages claims. It determines whether citizens can sue federal agents for constitutional violations."],"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 24, lines 49-17","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2021/21-147_3f0m.pdf","page_label":"file page 24, lines 49-17"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 4, lines 23-17","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2021/21-147_3f0m.pdf","page_label":"file page 4, lines 23-17"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 42, lines 35-41","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2021/21-147_3f0m.pdf","page_label":"file page 42, lines 35-41"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 67, lines 15-15","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2021/21-147_3f0m.pdf","page_label":"file page 67, lines 15-15"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 83, lines 51-45","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2021/21-147_3f0m.pdf","page_label":"file page 83, lines 51-45"}]},{"heading":"What happens next","paragraphs":["This article currently covers the argument record. Use the official docket link for later case activity."],"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 10, lines 13-17","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2021/21-147_3f0m.pdf","page_label":"file page 10, lines 13-17"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 10, lines 53-45","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2021/21-147_3f0m.pdf","page_label":"file page 10, lines 53-45"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 11, lines 51-7","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2021/21-147_3f0m.pdf","page_label":"file page 11, lines 51-7"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 12, lines 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