{"argument_date":"2021-12-07T00:00:00Z","arguments":[{"argument_date":"2021-12-07T00:00:00Z","heading":"What happened at the argument","official_detail_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcript/2021","official_transcript_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2021/20-1459_1an2.pdf","paragraphs":["Ms. Taibleson argued that Congress intended to punish dangerous felons who use guns during violent crimes.","Mr. Dreeben argued that an attempt to commit Hobbs Act robbery is not a crime of violence.","Mr. Dreeben stated that the categorical approach focuses on the minimum conduct prohibited by the statute.","Ms. Taibleson noted that the phrase threaten force appears in both the Hobbs Act and the sentencing statute."],"reargument":false,"sequence":1,"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 10, lines 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35-11","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2021/20-1459_1an2.pdf","page_label":"file page 76, lines 35-11"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 77, lines 19-21","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2021/20-1459_1an2.pdf","page_label":"file page 77, lines 19-21"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 78, lines 31-33","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2021/20-1459_1an2.pdf","page_label":"file page 78, lines 31-33"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 78, lines 35-11","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2021/20-1459_1an2.pdf","page_label":"file page 78, lines 35-11"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 8, lines 15-17","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2021/20-1459_1an2.pdf","page_label":"file page 8, lines 15-17"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 8, lines 21-23","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2021/20-1459_1an2.pdf","page_label":"file page 8, lines 21-23"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 80, lines 41-45","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2021/20-1459_1an2.pdf","page_label":"file page 80, lines 41-45"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 80, lines 55-9","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2021/20-1459_1an2.pdf","page_label":"file page 80, lines 55-9"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 81, lines 11-23","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2021/20-1459_1an2.pdf","page_label":"file page 81, lines 11-23"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 87, lines 45-45","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2021/20-1459_1an2.pdf","page_label":"file page 87, lines 45-45"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 9, lines 11-31","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2021/20-1459_1an2.pdf","page_label":"file page 9, lines 11-31"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 9, lines 45-45","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2021/20-1459_1an2.pdf","page_label":"file page 9, lines 45-45"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 9, lines 49-17","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2021/20-1459_1an2.pdf","page_label":"file page 9, lines 49-17"}]}],"caption":"United States v. Taylor","case_history":[{"changed_at":"2026-08-29T20:06:17.990072Z","explanation":"An official oral-argument transcript was verified.","status":"argued"},{"changed_at":"2026-08-29T20:06:18.023412Z","explanation":"An official oral-argument transcript was verified.","status":"argued"},{"changed_at":"2026-08-29T23:56:20.992475Z","explanation":"An official Court opinion was verified.","status":"decided"}],"case_status":"decided","dek":"The dispute centers on whether the minimum conduct of an attempted robbery meets the statutory definition of a crime of violence.","dek_sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 4, lines 23-17","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2021/20-1459_1an2.pdf","page_label":"file page 4, lines 23-17"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 48, lines 9-9","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2021/20-1459_1an2.pdf","page_label":"file page 48, lines 9-9"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 67, lines 9-11","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2021/20-1459_1an2.pdf","page_label":"file page 67, lines 9-11"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 87, lines 45-45","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2021/20-1459_1an2.pdf","page_label":"file page 87, lines 45-45"}],"dispositions":[],"latest_court_document_date":"2021-12-07T00:00:00Z","maturity":"post_opinion","official_detail_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcript/2021","official_disposition_urls":["https://www.supremecourt.gov/opinions/21pdf/596us2r52_886a.pdf"],"official_docket_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/docket/docketfiles/html/public/20-1459.html","primary_docket":"20-1459","revisions":[{"correction_note":"Rewritten to the concise citizen-facing editorial standard.","created_at":"2026-08-30T16:58:38.704632Z","maturity":"post_opinion","revision_number":1},{"correction_note":"Migrated to the dated official Court activity contract without model use.","created_at":"2026-09-05T03:22:24Z","maturity":"post_opinion","revision_number":2}],"schema_version":"1.1","sections":[{"heading":"What this case is about","paragraphs":["This case tests the scope of federal sentencing enhancements for gun use during violent crimes."],"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 4, lines 23-17","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2021/20-1459_1an2.pdf","page_label":"file page 4, lines 23-17"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 48, lines 9-9","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2021/20-1459_1an2.pdf","page_label":"file page 48, lines 9-9"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 67, lines 9-11","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2021/20-1459_1an2.pdf","page_label":"file page 67, lines 9-11"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 87, lines 45-45","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2021/20-1459_1an2.pdf","page_label":"file page 87, lines 45-45"}]},{"heading":"How the case got here","paragraphs":["The Supreme Court heard oral argument in this case on December 7, 2021."],"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 4, lines 11-21","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2021/20-1459_1an2.pdf","page_label":"file page 4, lines 11-21"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 72, lines 45-11","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2021/20-1459_1an2.pdf","page_label":"file page 72, lines 45-11"}]},{"heading":"What each side wants","paragraphs":["The government seeks a conviction under the gun-use enhancement statute.","The defendant seeks to avoid the mandatory minimum sentence for gun use."],"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 4, lines 23-17","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2021/20-1459_1an2.pdf","page_label":"file page 4, lines 23-17"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 48, lines 9-9","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2021/20-1459_1an2.pdf","page_label":"file page 48, lines 9-9"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 67, lines 9-11","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2021/20-1459_1an2.pdf","page_label":"file page 67, lines 9-11"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 87, lines 45-45","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2021/20-1459_1an2.pdf","page_label":"file page 87, lines 45-45"}]},{"heading":"What each side says","paragraphs":["The government argues that the defendant's conduct fits the statutory definition of a violent crime.","The defendant argues that an attempt to rob does not meet the legal standard for a crime of violence."],"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 4, lines 23-17","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2021/20-1459_1an2.pdf","page_label":"file page 4, lines 23-17"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 48, lines 9-9","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2021/20-1459_1an2.pdf","page_label":"file page 48, lines 9-9"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 67, lines 9-11","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2021/20-1459_1an2.pdf","page_label":"file page 67, lines 9-11"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 87, lines 45-45","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2021/20-1459_1an2.pdf","page_label":"file page 87, lines 45-45"}]},{"heading":"What the justices asked","paragraphs":["Justice Sotomayor asked if the government would prosecute a person who holds a gun but never uses it.","Justice Thomas asked if abandoning the categorical approach would change the outcome of this case."],"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 10, lines 21-23","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2021/20-1459_1an2.pdf","page_label":"file page 10, lines 21-23"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 10, lines 35-39","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2021/20-1459_1an2.pdf","page_label":"file page 10, lines 35-39"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 10, lines 51-7","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2021/20-1459_1an2.pdf","page_label":"file page 10, lines 51-7"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 11, lines 21-23","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2021/20-1459_1an2.pdf","page_label":"file page 11, lines 21-23"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 6, lines 19-27","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2021/20-1459_1an2.pdf","page_label":"file page 6, lines 19-27"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 6, lines 33-37","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2021/20-1459_1an2.pdf","page_label":"file page 6, lines 33-37"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 68, lines 13-29","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2021/20-1459_1an2.pdf","page_label":"file page 68, lines 13-29"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 69, lines 29-45","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2021/20-1459_1an2.pdf","page_label":"file page 69, lines 29-45"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 7, lines 7-17","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2021/20-1459_1an2.pdf","page_label":"file page 7, lines 7-17"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 71, lines 9-27","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2021/20-1459_1an2.pdf","page_label":"file page 71, lines 9-27"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 72, lines 45-11","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2021/20-1459_1an2.pdf","page_label":"file page 72, lines 45-11"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 74, lines 11-17","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2021/20-1459_1an2.pdf","page_label":"file page 74, lines 11-17"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 76, lines 35-11","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2021/20-1459_1an2.pdf","page_label":"file page 76, lines 35-11"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 77, lines 19-21","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2021/20-1459_1an2.pdf","page_label":"file page 77, lines 19-21"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 78, lines 31-33","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2021/20-1459_1an2.pdf","page_label":"file page 78, lines 31-33"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 78, lines 35-11","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2021/20-1459_1an2.pdf","page_label":"file page 78, lines 35-11"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 8, lines 15-17","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2021/20-1459_1an2.pdf","page_label":"file page 8, lines 15-17"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 8, lines 21-23","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2021/20-1459_1an2.pdf","page_label":"file page 8, lines 21-23"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 80, lines 41-45","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2021/20-1459_1an2.pdf","page_label":"file page 80, lines 41-45"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 80, lines 55-9","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2021/20-1459_1an2.pdf","page_label":"file page 80, lines 55-9"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 81, lines 11-23","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2021/20-1459_1an2.pdf","page_label":"file page 81, lines 11-23"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 9, lines 11-31","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2021/20-1459_1an2.pdf","page_label":"file page 9, lines 11-31"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 9, lines 45-45","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2021/20-1459_1an2.pdf","page_label":"file page 9, lines 45-45"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 9, lines 49-17","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2021/20-1459_1an2.pdf","page_label":"file page 9, lines 49-17"}]},{"heading":"Why it matters","paragraphs":["This case defines the scope of federal sentencing enhancements for gun use during violent crimes."],"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 4, lines 23-17","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2021/20-1459_1an2.pdf","page_label":"file page 4, lines 23-17"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 48, lines 9-9","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2021/20-1459_1an2.pdf","page_label":"file page 48, lines 9-9"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 67, lines 9-11","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2021/20-1459_1an2.pdf","page_label":"file page 67, lines 9-11"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 87, lines 45-45","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2021/20-1459_1an2.pdf","page_label":"file page 87, lines 45-45"}]},{"heading":"What happens next","paragraphs":["This article currently covers the argument record. Use the official docket link for later case activity."],"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 10, lines 21-23","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2021/20-1459_1an2.pdf","page_label":"file page 10, lines 21-23"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 10, lines 35-39","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2021/20-1459_1an2.pdf","page_label":"file page 10, lines 35-39"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 10, lines 51-7","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2021/20-1459_1an2.pdf","page_label":"file page 10, lines 51-7"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 11, lines 21-23","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2021/20-1459_1an2.pdf","page_label":"file page 11, lines 21-23"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 4, lines 11-21","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2021/20-1459_1an2.pdf","page_label":"file page 4, lines 11-21"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 6, lines 19-27","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2021/20-1459_1an2.pdf","page_label":"file page 6, lines 19-27"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 6, lines 33-37","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2021/20-1459_1an2.pdf","page_label":"file page 6, lines 33-37"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 68, lines 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