{"argument_date":"2021-05-04T00:00:00Z","arguments":[{"argument_date":"2021-05-04T00:00:00Z","heading":"What happened at the argument","official_detail_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcript/2020","official_transcript_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/20-5904_1bn2.pdf","paragraphs":["Mr. Adler argued the statute covers the crack offense.","Mr. Mortara argued the statute excludes the crack offense.","questions_asked_by_justices"],"reargument":false,"sequence":1,"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 10, lines 17-43","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/20-5904_1bn2.pdf","page_label":"file page 10, lines 17-43"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 11, lines 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17-25","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/20-5904_1bn2.pdf","page_label":"file page 73, lines 17-25"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 73, lines 53-7","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/20-5904_1bn2.pdf","page_label":"file page 73, lines 53-7"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 73, lines 7-13","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/20-5904_1bn2.pdf","page_label":"file page 73, lines 7-13"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 77, lines 49-39","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/20-5904_1bn2.pdf","page_label":"file page 77, lines 49-39"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 79, lines 11-13","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/20-5904_1bn2.pdf","page_label":"file page 79, lines 11-13"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 79, lines 31-51","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/20-5904_1bn2.pdf","page_label":"file page 79, lines 31-51"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 8, lines 31-37","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/20-5904_1bn2.pdf","page_label":"file page 8, lines 31-37"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 81, lines 43-9","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/20-5904_1bn2.pdf","page_label":"file page 81, lines 43-9"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 9, lines 7-13","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/20-5904_1bn2.pdf","page_label":"file page 9, lines 7-13"}]}],"caption":"Terry v. United States","case_history":[{"changed_at":"2026-08-29T20:06:18.452651Z","explanation":"An official oral-argument transcript was verified.","status":"argued"},{"changed_at":"2026-08-29T20:06:18.478202Z","explanation":"An official oral-argument transcript was verified.","status":"argued"},{"changed_at":"2026-08-29T23:57:01.793225Z","explanation":"An official Court opinion was verified.","status":"decided"}],"case_status":"decided","dek":"the side that brought the case seeks retroactive relief. The government opposes this change.","dek_sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 33, lines 55-49","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/20-5904_1bn2.pdf","page_label":"file page 33, lines 55-49"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 5, lines 23-19","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/20-5904_1bn2.pdf","page_label":"file page 5, lines 23-19"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 55, lines 37-9","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/20-5904_1bn2.pdf","page_label":"file page 55, lines 37-9"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 68, lines 55-55","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/20-5904_1bn2.pdf","page_label":"file page 68, lines 55-55"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 81, lines 43-9","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/20-5904_1bn2.pdf","page_label":"file page 81, lines 43-9"}],"dispositions":[],"latest_court_document_date":"2021-05-04T00:00:00Z","maturity":"post_opinion","official_detail_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcript/2020","official_disposition_urls":["https://www.supremecourt.gov/opinions/20pdf/593us2r45_5ifl.pdf"],"official_docket_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/docket/docketfiles/html/public/20-5904.html","primary_docket":"20-5904","revisions":[{"correction_note":"Rewritten to the concise citizen-facing editorial standard.","created_at":"2026-08-30T17:07:04.647689Z","maturity":"post_opinion","revision_number":1},{"correction_note":"Migrated to the dated official Court activity contract without model use.","created_at":"2026-09-05T03:22:24Z","maturity":"post_opinion","revision_number":2}],"schema_version":"1.1","sections":[{"heading":"What this case is about","paragraphs":["The case tests the scope of the First Step Act. It targets crack cocaine sentencing disparities. The statute changed penalty ranges for these offenses."],"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 33, lines 55-49","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/20-5904_1bn2.pdf","page_label":"file page 33, lines 55-49"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 5, lines 23-19","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/20-5904_1bn2.pdf","page_label":"file page 5, lines 23-19"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 55, lines 37-9","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/20-5904_1bn2.pdf","page_label":"file page 55, lines 37-9"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 68, lines 55-55","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/20-5904_1bn2.pdf","page_label":"file page 68, lines 55-55"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 81, lines 43-9","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/20-5904_1bn2.pdf","page_label":"file page 81, lines 43-9"}]},{"heading":"How the case got here","paragraphs":["The Supreme Court heard oral argument in this case on May 4, 2021."],"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 5, lines 11-21","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/20-5904_1bn2.pdf","page_label":"file page 5, lines 11-21"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 70, lines 25-49","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/20-5904_1bn2.pdf","page_label":"file page 70, lines 25-49"}]},{"heading":"What each side wants","paragraphs":["the side that brought the case wants retroactive application of the new penalty ranges.","The government wants to keep the original sentence intact."],"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 33, lines 55-49","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/20-5904_1bn2.pdf","page_label":"file page 33, lines 55-49"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 5, lines 23-19","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/20-5904_1bn2.pdf","page_label":"file page 5, lines 23-19"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 55, lines 37-9","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/20-5904_1bn2.pdf","page_label":"file page 55, lines 37-9"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 68, lines 55-55","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/20-5904_1bn2.pdf","page_label":"file page 68, lines 55-55"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 81, lines 43-9","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/20-5904_1bn2.pdf","page_label":"file page 81, lines 43-9"}]},{"heading":"What each side says","paragraphs":["the side that brought the case argues the statute covers the specific crack offense.","The government argues the statute excludes this specific offense."],"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 33, lines 55-49","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/20-5904_1bn2.pdf","page_label":"file page 33, lines 55-49"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 5, lines 23-19","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/20-5904_1bn2.pdf","page_label":"file page 5, lines 23-19"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 55, lines 37-9","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/20-5904_1bn2.pdf","page_label":"file page 55, lines 37-9"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 68, lines 55-55","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/20-5904_1bn2.pdf","page_label":"file page 68, lines 55-55"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 81, lines 43-9","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/20-5904_1bn2.pdf","page_label":"file page 81, lines 43-9"}]},{"heading":"What the justices asked","paragraphs":["Justice Thomas asked about the pre-2010 penalty range.","Justice Alito asked which clause the statute modifies."],"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 10, lines 17-43","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/20-5904_1bn2.pdf","page_label":"file page 10, lines 17-43"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 11, lines 49-9","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/20-5904_1bn2.pdf","page_label":"file page 11, lines 49-9"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 12, lines 45-23","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/20-5904_1bn2.pdf","page_label":"file page 12, lines 45-23"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 15, lines 11-37","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/20-5904_1bn2.pdf","page_label":"file page 15, lines 11-37"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 15, lines 41-49","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/20-5904_1bn2.pdf","page_label":"file page 15, lines 41-49"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 16, lines 47-55","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/20-5904_1bn2.pdf","page_label":"file page 16, lines 47-55"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 16, lines 9-31","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/20-5904_1bn2.pdf","page_label":"file page 16, lines 9-31"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 17, lines 17-21","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/20-5904_1bn2.pdf","page_label":"file page 17, lines 17-21"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 17, lines 31-35","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/20-5904_1bn2.pdf","page_label":"file page 17, lines 31-35"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 68, lines 33-53","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/20-5904_1bn2.pdf","page_label":"file page 68, lines 33-53"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 69, lines 39-49","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/20-5904_1bn2.pdf","page_label":"file page 69, lines 39-49"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 69, lines 7-21","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/20-5904_1bn2.pdf","page_label":"file page 69, lines 7-21"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 7, lines 21-33","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/20-5904_1bn2.pdf","page_label":"file page 7, lines 21-33"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 70, lines 25-49","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/20-5904_1bn2.pdf","page_label":"file page 70, lines 25-49"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 71, lines 31-51","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/20-5904_1bn2.pdf","page_label":"file page 71, lines 31-51"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 72, lines 25-33","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/20-5904_1bn2.pdf","page_label":"file page 72, lines 25-33"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 73, lines 17-25","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/20-5904_1bn2.pdf","page_label":"file page 73, lines 17-25"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 73, lines 53-7","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/20-5904_1bn2.pdf","page_label":"file page 73, lines 53-7"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 73, lines 7-13","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/20-5904_1bn2.pdf","page_label":"file page 73, lines 7-13"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 77, lines 49-39","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/20-5904_1bn2.pdf","page_label":"file page 77, lines 49-39"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 79, lines 11-13","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/20-5904_1bn2.pdf","page_label":"file page 79, lines 11-13"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 79, lines 31-51","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/20-5904_1bn2.pdf","page_label":"file page 79, lines 31-51"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 8, lines 31-37","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/20-5904_1bn2.pdf","page_label":"file page 8, lines 31-37"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 9, lines 7-13","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/20-5904_1bn2.pdf","page_label":"file page 9, lines 7-13"}]},{"heading":"Why it matters","paragraphs":["The outcome sets the scope of federal sentencing reform. It affects the number of eligible inmates. It defines the reach of the First Step Act."],"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 33, lines 55-49","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/20-5904_1bn2.pdf","page_label":"file page 33, lines 55-49"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 5, lines 23-19","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/20-5904_1bn2.pdf","page_label":"file page 5, lines 23-19"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 55, lines 37-9","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/20-5904_1bn2.pdf","page_label":"file page 55, lines 37-9"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 68, lines 55-55","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/20-5904_1bn2.pdf","page_label":"file page 68, lines 55-55"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 81, lines 43-9","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/20-5904_1bn2.pdf","page_label":"file page 81, lines 43-9"}]},{"heading":"What happens next","paragraphs":["This article currently covers the argument record. Use the official docket link for later case activity."],"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 10, lines 17-43","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/20-5904_1bn2.pdf","page_label":"file page 10, lines 17-43"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 11, lines 49-9","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/20-5904_1bn2.pdf","page_label":"file page 11, lines 49-9"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 12, lines 45-23","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/20-5904_1bn2.pdf","page_label":"file page 12, lines 45-23"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 15, lines 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