{"argument_date":"2021-04-28T00:00:00Z","arguments":[{"argument_date":"2021-04-28T00:00:00Z","heading":"What happened at the argument","official_detail_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcript/2020","official_transcript_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/20-255_869d.pdf","paragraphs":["Mr. Cole argued that the First Amendment prohibits content discrimination.","He stated that Tinker announced a narrow exception to these principles.","Ms. Blatt argued that Tinker should apply off-campus for three reasons.","She claimed that off-campus speech can cause on-campus disruption."],"reargument":false,"sequence":1,"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 10, lines 45-17","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/20-255_869d.pdf","page_label":"file page 10, lines 45-17"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme 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41-43","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/20-255_869d.pdf","page_label":"file page 69, lines 41-43"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 69, lines 47-53","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/20-255_869d.pdf","page_label":"file page 69, lines 47-53"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 7, lines 19-41","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/20-255_869d.pdf","page_label":"file page 7, lines 19-41"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 70, lines 43-53","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/20-255_869d.pdf","page_label":"file page 70, lines 43-53"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 71, lines 15-33","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/20-255_869d.pdf","page_label":"file page 71, lines 15-33"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 72, lines 51-19","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/20-255_869d.pdf","page_label":"file page 72, lines 51-19"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 73, lines 33-35","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/20-255_869d.pdf","page_label":"file page 73, lines 33-35"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 73, lines 39-41","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/20-255_869d.pdf","page_label":"file page 73, lines 39-41"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 74, lines 15-39","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/20-255_869d.pdf","page_label":"file page 74, lines 15-39"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 77, lines 35-41","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/20-255_869d.pdf","page_label":"file page 77, lines 35-41"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 8, lines 29-37","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/20-255_869d.pdf","page_label":"file page 8, lines 29-37"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 9, lines 41-7","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/20-255_869d.pdf","page_label":"file page 9, lines 41-7"}]}],"caption":"Mahanoy Area School Dist. v. B. L.","case_history":[{"changed_at":"2026-08-29T20:06:18.420284Z","explanation":"An official oral-argument transcript was verified.","status":"argued"},{"changed_at":"2026-08-29T20:06:18.447091Z","explanation":"An official oral-argument transcript was verified.","status":"argued"},{"changed_at":"2026-08-29T23:56:26.241122Z","explanation":"An official Court opinion was verified.","status":"decided"}],"case_status":"decided","dek":"A student sent a vulgar message about cheerleading coaches on social media. The school suspended her. She claims the First Amendment protects her speech.","dek_sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 39, lines 13-53","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/20-255_869d.pdf","page_label":"file page 39, lines 13-53"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 5, lines 23-17","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/20-255_869d.pdf","page_label":"file page 5, lines 23-17"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 62, lines 37-21","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/20-255_869d.pdf","page_label":"file page 62, lines 37-21"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 66, lines 15-53","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/20-255_869d.pdf","page_label":"file page 66, lines 15-53"}],"dispositions":[],"latest_court_document_date":"2021-04-28T00:00:00Z","maturity":"post_opinion","official_detail_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcript/2020","official_disposition_urls":["https://www.supremecourt.gov/opinions/20pdf/594us1r54_k5gm.pdf"],"official_docket_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/docket/docketfiles/html/public/20-255.html","primary_docket":"20-255","revisions":[{"correction_note":"Rewritten to the concise citizen-facing editorial standard.","created_at":"2026-08-30T17:07:22.124076Z","maturity":"post_opinion","revision_number":1},{"correction_note":"Migrated to the dated official Court activity contract without model use.","created_at":"2026-09-05T03:22:24Z","maturity":"post_opinion","revision_number":2}],"schema_version":"1.1","sections":[{"heading":"What this case is about","paragraphs":["The case tests whether the First Amendment limits school discipline for student speech made outside school hours and on personal devices."],"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 39, lines 13-53","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/20-255_869d.pdf","page_label":"file page 39, lines 13-53"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 5, lines 23-17","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/20-255_869d.pdf","page_label":"file page 5, lines 23-17"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 62, lines 37-21","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/20-255_869d.pdf","page_label":"file page 62, lines 37-21"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 66, lines 15-53","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/20-255_869d.pdf","page_label":"file page 66, lines 15-53"}]},{"heading":"How the case got here","paragraphs":["The Supreme Court heard oral argument in this case on April 28, 2021."],"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 5, lines 11-21","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/20-255_869d.pdf","page_label":"file page 5, lines 11-21"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 66, lines 55-25","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/20-255_869d.pdf","page_label":"file page 66, lines 55-25"}]},{"heading":"What each side wants","paragraphs":["The school district wants the power to discipline students for off-campus speech that disrupts school life.","The student wants a clear rule that schools cannot punish her for personal social media posts."],"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 39, lines 13-53","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/20-255_869d.pdf","page_label":"file page 39, lines 13-53"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 5, lines 23-17","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/20-255_869d.pdf","page_label":"file page 5, lines 23-17"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 62, lines 37-21","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/20-255_869d.pdf","page_label":"file page 62, lines 37-21"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 66, lines 15-53","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/20-255_869d.pdf","page_label":"file page 66, lines 15-53"}]},{"heading":"What each side says","paragraphs":["The school argues that off-campus speech can cause on-campus disruption and requires a school nexus.","The student argues that the First Amendment prohibits content discrimination and Tinker applies off-campus."],"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 39, lines 13-53","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/20-255_869d.pdf","page_label":"file page 39, lines 13-53"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 5, lines 23-17","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/20-255_869d.pdf","page_label":"file page 5, lines 23-17"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 62, lines 37-21","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/20-255_869d.pdf","page_label":"file page 62, lines 37-21"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 66, lines 15-53","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/20-255_869d.pdf","page_label":"file page 66, lines 15-53"}]},{"heading":"What the justices asked","paragraphs":["Justice Alito asked if schools can discipline a student for calling a classmate a baby killer.","Justice Breyer asked if Tinker allows punishment only for material and substantial disruption."],"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 10, lines 45-17","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/20-255_869d.pdf","page_label":"file page 10, lines 45-17"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 11, lines 39-53","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/20-255_869d.pdf","page_label":"file page 11, lines 39-53"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 13, lines 9-15","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/20-255_869d.pdf","page_label":"file page 13, lines 9-15"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 14, lines 33-45","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/20-255_869d.pdf","page_label":"file page 14, lines 33-45"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 15, lines 55-53","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/20-255_869d.pdf","page_label":"file page 15, lines 55-53"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 17, lines 9-19","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/20-255_869d.pdf","page_label":"file page 17, lines 9-19"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 18, lines 51-23","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/20-255_869d.pdf","page_label":"file page 18, lines 51-23"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 18, lines 7-29","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/20-255_869d.pdf","page_label":"file page 18, lines 7-29"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 20, lines 11-13","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/20-255_869d.pdf","page_label":"file page 20, lines 11-13"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 65, lines 45-13","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/20-255_869d.pdf","page_label":"file page 65, lines 45-13"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 66, lines 55-25","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/20-255_869d.pdf","page_label":"file page 66, lines 55-25"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 68, lines 39-19","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/20-255_869d.pdf","page_label":"file page 68, lines 39-19"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 69, lines 41-43","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/20-255_869d.pdf","page_label":"file page 69, lines 41-43"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 69, lines 47-53","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/20-255_869d.pdf","page_label":"file page 69, lines 47-53"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 7, lines 19-41","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/20-255_869d.pdf","page_label":"file page 7, lines 19-41"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 70, lines 43-53","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/20-255_869d.pdf","page_label":"file page 70, lines 43-53"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 71, lines 15-33","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/20-255_869d.pdf","page_label":"file page 71, lines 15-33"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 72, lines 51-19","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/20-255_869d.pdf","page_label":"file page 72, lines 51-19"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 73, lines 33-35","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/20-255_869d.pdf","page_label":"file page 73, lines 33-35"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 73, lines 39-41","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/20-255_869d.pdf","page_label":"file page 73, lines 39-41"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 74, lines 15-39","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/20-255_869d.pdf","page_label":"file page 74, lines 15-39"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 77, lines 35-41","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/20-255_869d.pdf","page_label":"file page 77, lines 35-41"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 8, lines 29-37","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/20-255_869d.pdf","page_label":"file page 8, lines 29-37"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 9, lines 41-7","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/20-255_869d.pdf","page_label":"file page 9, lines 41-7"}]},{"heading":"Why it matters","paragraphs":["Schools face daily challenges managing student speech on social media. Clear rules determine how schools handle off-campus posts. Students need to know when their speech is protected. Parents rely on schools to maintain safe learning environments. The balance between free expression and school order remains critical."],"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 39, lines 13-53","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/20-255_869d.pdf","page_label":"file page 39, lines 13-53"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 5, lines 23-17","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/20-255_869d.pdf","page_label":"file page 5, lines 23-17"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 62, lines 37-21","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/20-255_869d.pdf","page_label":"file page 62, lines 37-21"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 66, lines 15-53","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/20-255_869d.pdf","page_label":"file page 66, lines 15-53"}]},{"heading":"What happens next","paragraphs":["This article currently covers the argument record. Use the official docket link for later case activity."],"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 10, lines 45-17","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/20-255_869d.pdf","page_label":"file page 10, lines 45-17"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 11, lines 39-53","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/20-255_869d.pdf","page_label":"file page 11, lines 39-53"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 13, lines 9-15","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/20-255_869d.pdf","page_label":"file page 13, lines 9-15"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 14, lines 33-45","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/20-255_869d.pdf","page_label":"file page 14, lines 33-45"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 15, lines 55-53","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/20-255_869d.pdf","page_label":"file page 15, lines 55-53"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 17, lines 9-19","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/20-255_869d.pdf","page_label":"file page 17, lines 9-19"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 18, lines 51-23","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/20-255_869d.pdf","page_label":"file page 18, lines 51-23"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 18, lines 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