{"argument_date":"2021-02-24T00:00:00Z","arguments":[{"argument_date":"2021-02-24T00:00:00Z","heading":"What happened at the argument","official_detail_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcript/2020","official_transcript_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/20-18_986b.pdf","paragraphs":["Jeffrey Fisher argues no precedent supports the categorical pursuit rule applied below.","Fisher states officers need a magistrate approval unless an emergency exists.","Ms. Rice argues the Fourth Amendment generally requires warrants for home entries.","Rice contends hot pursuit is a valid exception to the warrant requirement."],"reargument":false,"sequence":1,"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 10, lines 55-19","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/20-18_986b.pdf","page_label":"file page 10, lines 55-19"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 114, lines 49-53","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/20-18_986b.pdf","page_label":"file page 114, lines 49-53"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 12, lines 41-53","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/20-18_986b.pdf","page_label":"file page 12, lines 41-53"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 12, lines 7-15","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/20-18_986b.pdf","page_label":"file page 12, lines 7-15"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 13, lines 45-21","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/20-18_986b.pdf","page_label":"file page 13, lines 45-21"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 14, lines 41-51","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/20-18_986b.pdf","page_label":"file page 14, lines 41-51"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 15, lines 17-17","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/20-18_986b.pdf","page_label":"file page 15, lines 17-17"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 15, lines 7-13","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/20-18_986b.pdf","page_label":"file page 15, lines 7-13"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 16, lines 45-15","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/20-18_986b.pdf","page_label":"file page 16, lines 45-15"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 19, lines 15-29","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/20-18_986b.pdf","page_label":"file page 19, lines 15-29"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 39, lines 27-19","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/20-18_986b.pdf","page_label":"file page 39, lines 27-19"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 5, lines 11-21","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/20-18_986b.pdf","page_label":"file page 5, lines 11-21"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 5, lines 23-19","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/20-18_986b.pdf","page_label":"file page 5, lines 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21-11"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 70, lines 37-47","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/20-18_986b.pdf","page_label":"file page 70, lines 37-47"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 71, lines 17-21","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/20-18_986b.pdf","page_label":"file page 71, lines 17-21"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 71, lines 51-55","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/20-18_986b.pdf","page_label":"file page 71, lines 51-55"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 71, lines 7-13","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/20-18_986b.pdf","page_label":"file page 71, lines 7-13"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 72, lines 11-31","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/20-18_986b.pdf","page_label":"file page 72, lines 11-31"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 73, lines 13-31","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/20-18_986b.pdf","page_label":"file page 73, lines 13-31"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 74, lines 35-41","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/20-18_986b.pdf","page_label":"file page 74, lines 35-41"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 9, lines 17-33","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/20-18_986b.pdf","page_label":"file page 9, lines 17-33"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 9, lines 51-17","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/20-18_986b.pdf","page_label":"file page 9, lines 51-17"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 91, lines 13-19","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/20-18_986b.pdf","page_label":"file page 91, lines 13-19"}]}],"caption":"Lange v. California","case_history":[{"changed_at":"2026-08-29T20:06:18.586541Z","explanation":"An official oral-argument transcript was verified.","status":"argued"},{"changed_at":"2026-08-29T20:06:18.616958Z","explanation":"An official oral-argument transcript was verified.","status":"argued"},{"changed_at":"2026-08-29T23:56:27.895770Z","explanation":"An official Court opinion was verified.","status":"decided"}],"case_status":"decided","dek":"The dispute centers on whether a categorical hot pursuit rule allows warrantless home entries.","dek_sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 114, lines 49-53","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/20-18_986b.pdf","page_label":"file page 114, lines 49-53"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 39, lines 27-19","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/20-18_986b.pdf","page_label":"file page 39, lines 27-19"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 5, lines 23-19","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/20-18_986b.pdf","page_label":"file page 5, lines 23-19"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 62, lines 13-13","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/20-18_986b.pdf","page_label":"file page 62, lines 13-13"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 65, lines 51-41","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/20-18_986b.pdf","page_label":"file page 65, lines 51-41"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 91, lines 13-19","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/20-18_986b.pdf","page_label":"file page 91, lines 13-19"}],"dispositions":[],"latest_court_document_date":"2021-02-24T00:00:00Z","maturity":"post_opinion","official_detail_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcript/2020","official_disposition_urls":["https://www.supremecourt.gov/opinions/20pdf/594us1r56_7k47.pdf"],"official_docket_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/docket/docketfiles/html/public/20-18.html","primary_docket":"20-18","revisions":[{"correction_note":"Rewritten to the concise citizen-facing editorial standard.","created_at":"2026-08-30T17:13:57.224221Z","maturity":"post_opinion","revision_number":1},{"correction_note":"Migrated to the dated official Court activity contract without model use.","created_at":"2026-09-05T03:22:24Z","maturity":"post_opinion","revision_number":2}],"schema_version":"1.1","sections":[{"heading":"What this case is about","paragraphs":["This case tests the scope of the Fourth Amendment's warrant requirement during police chases."],"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 114, lines 49-53","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/20-18_986b.pdf","page_label":"file page 114, lines 49-53"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 39, lines 27-19","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/20-18_986b.pdf","page_label":"file page 39, lines 27-19"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 5, lines 23-19","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/20-18_986b.pdf","page_label":"file page 5, lines 23-19"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 62, lines 13-13","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/20-18_986b.pdf","page_label":"file page 62, lines 13-13"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 65, lines 51-41","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/20-18_986b.pdf","page_label":"file page 65, lines 51-41"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 91, lines 13-19","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/20-18_986b.pdf","page_label":"file page 91, lines 13-19"}]},{"heading":"How the case got here","paragraphs":["The Supreme Court heard oral argument in this case on February 24, 2021."],"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 5, lines 11-21","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/20-18_986b.pdf","page_label":"file page 5, lines 11-21"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 66, lines 47-13","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/20-18_986b.pdf","page_label":"file page 66, lines 47-13"}]},{"heading":"What each side wants","paragraphs":["the side that brought the case seeks a case-specific exigency showing for every warrantless entry.","the opposing side seeks a categorical rule allowing entry during any hot pursuit."],"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 114, lines 49-53","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/20-18_986b.pdf","page_label":"file page 114, lines 49-53"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 39, lines 27-19","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/20-18_986b.pdf","page_label":"file page 39, lines 27-19"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 5, lines 23-19","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/20-18_986b.pdf","page_label":"file page 5, lines 23-19"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 62, lines 13-13","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/20-18_986b.pdf","page_label":"file page 62, lines 13-13"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 65, lines 51-41","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/20-18_986b.pdf","page_label":"file page 65, lines 51-41"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 91, lines 13-19","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/20-18_986b.pdf","page_label":"file page 91, lines 13-19"}]},{"heading":"What each side says","paragraphs":["the side that brought the case argues no precedent supports a categorical pursuit rule for home entries.","the opposing side argues hot pursuit is a recognized exception to the warrant requirement."],"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 114, lines 49-53","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/20-18_986b.pdf","page_label":"file page 114, lines 49-53"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 39, lines 27-19","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/20-18_986b.pdf","page_label":"file page 39, lines 27-19"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 5, lines 23-19","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/20-18_986b.pdf","page_label":"file page 5, lines 23-19"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 62, lines 13-13","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/20-18_986b.pdf","page_label":"file page 62, lines 13-13"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 65, lines 51-41","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/20-18_986b.pdf","page_label":"file page 65, lines 51-41"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 91, lines 13-19","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/20-18_986b.pdf","page_label":"file page 91, lines 13-19"}]},{"heading":"What the justices asked","paragraphs":["Justice Thomas asks how common law treats officers pursuing a breach of the peace.","Justice Breyer asks what the Court should do with conflicting common law cases."],"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 10, lines 55-19","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/20-18_986b.pdf","page_label":"file page 10, lines 55-19"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 12, lines 41-53","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/20-18_986b.pdf","page_label":"file page 12, lines 41-53"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 12, lines 7-15","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/20-18_986b.pdf","page_label":"file page 12, lines 7-15"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 13, lines 45-21","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/20-18_986b.pdf","page_label":"file page 13, lines 45-21"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 14, lines 41-51","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/20-18_986b.pdf","page_label":"file page 14, lines 41-51"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 15, lines 17-17","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/20-18_986b.pdf","page_label":"file page 15, lines 17-17"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 15, lines 7-13","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/20-18_986b.pdf","page_label":"file page 15, lines 7-13"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 16, lines 45-15","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/20-18_986b.pdf","page_label":"file page 16, lines 45-15"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 19, lines 15-29","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/20-18_986b.pdf","page_label":"file page 19, lines 15-29"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 66, lines 47-13","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/20-18_986b.pdf","page_label":"file page 66, lines 47-13"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 67, lines 35-47","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/20-18_986b.pdf","page_label":"file page 67, lines 35-47"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 68, lines 23-31","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/20-18_986b.pdf","page_label":"file page 68, lines 23-31"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 68, lines 37-45","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/20-18_986b.pdf","page_label":"file page 68, lines 37-45"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 69, lines 17-19","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/20-18_986b.pdf","page_label":"file page 69, lines 17-19"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 7, lines 21-11","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/20-18_986b.pdf","page_label":"file page 7, lines 21-11"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 70, lines 37-47","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/20-18_986b.pdf","page_label":"file page 70, lines 37-47"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 71, lines 17-21","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/20-18_986b.pdf","page_label":"file page 71, lines 17-21"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 71, lines 51-55","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/20-18_986b.pdf","page_label":"file page 71, lines 51-55"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 71, lines 7-13","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/20-18_986b.pdf","page_label":"file page 71, lines 7-13"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 72, lines 11-31","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/20-18_986b.pdf","page_label":"file page 72, lines 11-31"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 73, lines 13-31","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/20-18_986b.pdf","page_label":"file page 73, lines 13-31"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 74, lines 35-41","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/20-18_986b.pdf","page_label":"file page 74, lines 35-41"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 9, lines 17-33","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/20-18_986b.pdf","page_label":"file page 9, lines 17-33"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 9, lines 51-17","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/20-18_986b.pdf","page_label":"file page 9, lines 51-17"}]},{"heading":"Why it matters","paragraphs":["The outcome defines the boundary between police authority and private home security."],"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 114, lines 49-53","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/20-18_986b.pdf","page_label":"file page 114, lines 49-53"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 39, lines 27-19","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/20-18_986b.pdf","page_label":"file page 39, lines 27-19"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 5, lines 23-19","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/20-18_986b.pdf","page_label":"file page 5, lines 23-19"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 62, lines 13-13","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/20-18_986b.pdf","page_label":"file page 62, lines 13-13"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 65, lines 51-41","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/20-18_986b.pdf","page_label":"file page 65, lines 51-41"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 91, lines 13-19","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/20-18_986b.pdf","page_label":"file page 91, lines 13-19"}]},{"heading":"What happens next","paragraphs":["This article currently covers the argument record. Use the official docket link for later case activity."],"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 10, lines 55-19","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/20-18_986b.pdf","page_label":"file page 10, lines 55-19"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 12, lines 41-53","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/20-18_986b.pdf","page_label":"file page 12, lines 41-53"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 12, lines 7-15","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/20-18_986b.pdf","page_label":"file page 12, lines 7-15"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 13, lines 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