{"argument_date":"2020-12-08T00:00:00Z","arguments":[{"argument_date":"2020-12-08T00:00:00Z","heading":"What happened at the argument","official_detail_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcript/2020","official_transcript_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/19-511_l537.pdf","paragraphs":["Clement argued the statute requires a random or sequential number generator.","Ellis argued the grammar links the generator to both storing and producing numbers.","Garner argued the congressional purpose favors a broad interpretation of the law."],"reargument":false,"sequence":1,"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 10, lines 25-47","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/19-511_l537.pdf","page_label":"file page 10, lines 25-47"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 10, lines 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17-39","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/19-511_l537.pdf","page_label":"file page 67, lines 17-39"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 67, lines 41-53","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/19-511_l537.pdf","page_label":"file page 67, lines 41-53"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 68, lines 17-13","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/19-511_l537.pdf","page_label":"file page 68, lines 17-13"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 7, lines 29-41","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/19-511_l537.pdf","page_label":"file page 7, lines 29-41"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 70, lines 39-21","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/19-511_l537.pdf","page_label":"file page 70, lines 39-21"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 71, lines 45-31","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/19-511_l537.pdf","page_label":"file page 71, lines 45-31"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 72, lines 39-45","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/19-511_l537.pdf","page_label":"file page 72, lines 39-45"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 72, lines 51-7","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/19-511_l537.pdf","page_label":"file page 72, lines 51-7"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 73, lines 25-35","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/19-511_l537.pdf","page_label":"file page 73, lines 25-35"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 73, lines 43-49","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/19-511_l537.pdf","page_label":"file page 73, lines 43-49"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 74, lines 17-25","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/19-511_l537.pdf","page_label":"file page 74, lines 17-25"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 74, lines 31-35","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/19-511_l537.pdf","page_label":"file page 74, lines 31-35"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 74, lines 9-11","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/19-511_l537.pdf","page_label":"file page 74, lines 9-11"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 75, lines 27-11","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/19-511_l537.pdf","page_label":"file page 75, lines 27-11"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 8, lines 23-33","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/19-511_l537.pdf","page_label":"file page 8, lines 23-33"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 85, lines 41-55","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/19-511_l537.pdf","page_label":"file page 85, lines 41-55"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 9, lines 37-49","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/19-511_l537.pdf","page_label":"file page 9, lines 37-49"}]}],"caption":"Facebook, Inc. v. Duguid","case_history":[{"changed_at":"2026-08-29T20:06:18.818835Z","explanation":"An official oral-argument transcript was verified.","status":"argued"},{"changed_at":"2026-08-29T20:06:18.842173Z","explanation":"An official oral-argument transcript was verified.","status":"argued"},{"changed_at":"2026-08-29T23:56:29.300508Z","explanation":"An official Court opinion was verified.","status":"decided"}],"case_status":"decided","dek":"Facebook argues the law targets only random number generators. Duguid argues the law covers any stored number system.","dek_sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 28, lines 33-45","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/19-511_l537.pdf","page_label":"file page 28, lines 33-45"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 4, lines 23-19","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/19-511_l537.pdf","page_label":"file page 4, lines 23-19"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 50, lines 29-13","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/19-511_l537.pdf","page_label":"file page 50, lines 29-13"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 67, lines 17-39","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/19-511_l537.pdf","page_label":"file page 67, lines 17-39"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 85, lines 41-55","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/19-511_l537.pdf","page_label":"file page 85, lines 41-55"}],"dispositions":[],"latest_court_document_date":"2020-12-08T00:00:00Z","maturity":"post_opinion","official_detail_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcript/2020","official_disposition_urls":["https://www.supremecourt.gov/opinions/20pdf/592us2r23_1bn2.pdf"],"official_docket_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/docket/docketfiles/html/public/19-511.html","primary_docket":"19-511","revisions":[{"correction_note":"Rewritten to the concise citizen-facing editorial standard.","created_at":"2026-08-30T17:20:06.395989Z","maturity":"post_opinion","revision_number":1},{"correction_note":"Migrated to the dated official Court activity contract without model use.","created_at":"2026-09-05T03:22:24Z","maturity":"post_opinion","revision_number":2}],"schema_version":"1.1","sections":[{"heading":"What this case is about","paragraphs":["The case tests the scope of the Telephone Consumer Protection Act. Facebook seeks a narrow reading of the dialer definition. Duguid seeks a broad reading that covers stored numbers."],"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 28, lines 33-45","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/19-511_l537.pdf","page_label":"file page 28, lines 33-45"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 4, lines 23-19","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/19-511_l537.pdf","page_label":"file page 4, lines 23-19"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 50, lines 29-13","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/19-511_l537.pdf","page_label":"file page 50, lines 29-13"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 67, lines 17-39","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/19-511_l537.pdf","page_label":"file page 67, lines 17-39"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 85, lines 41-55","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/19-511_l537.pdf","page_label":"file page 85, lines 41-55"}]},{"heading":"How the case got here","paragraphs":["The Supreme Court heard oral argument in this case on December 8, 2020."],"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 4, lines 11-21","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/19-511_l537.pdf","page_label":"file page 4, lines 11-21"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 75, lines 27-11","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/19-511_l537.pdf","page_label":"file page 75, lines 27-11"}]},{"heading":"What each side wants","paragraphs":["Facebook wants the Court to limit the dialer definition to random generators.","Duguid wants the Court to include stored numbers in the dialer definition."],"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 28, lines 33-45","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/19-511_l537.pdf","page_label":"file page 28, lines 33-45"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 4, lines 23-19","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/19-511_l537.pdf","page_label":"file page 4, lines 23-19"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 50, lines 29-13","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/19-511_l537.pdf","page_label":"file page 50, lines 29-13"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 67, lines 17-39","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/19-511_l537.pdf","page_label":"file page 67, lines 17-39"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 85, lines 41-55","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/19-511_l537.pdf","page_label":"file page 85, lines 41-55"}]},{"heading":"What each side says","paragraphs":["Facebook argues the statute requires a random or sequential number generator.","Duguid argues the grammar links the generator to both storing and producing."],"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 28, lines 33-45","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/19-511_l537.pdf","page_label":"file page 28, lines 33-45"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 4, lines 23-19","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/19-511_l537.pdf","page_label":"file page 4, lines 23-19"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 50, lines 29-13","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/19-511_l537.pdf","page_label":"file page 50, lines 29-13"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 67, lines 17-39","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/19-511_l537.pdf","page_label":"file page 67, lines 17-39"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 85, lines 41-55","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/19-511_l537.pdf","page_label":"file page 85, lines 41-55"}]},{"heading":"What the justices asked","paragraphs":["Justice Kagan asked if a knife counts as a firearm in a hypothetical.","Justice Thomas asked why a text message counts as a call under the law."],"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 10, lines 25-47","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/19-511_l537.pdf","page_label":"file page 10, lines 25-47"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 10, lines 53-55","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/19-511_l537.pdf","page_label":"file page 10, lines 53-55"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 11, lines 13-15","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/19-511_l537.pdf","page_label":"file page 11, lines 13-15"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 11, lines 19-25","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/19-511_l537.pdf","page_label":"file page 11, lines 19-25"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 11, lines 53-15","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/19-511_l537.pdf","page_label":"file page 11, lines 53-15"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 12, lines 43-47","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/19-511_l537.pdf","page_label":"file page 12, lines 43-47"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 15, lines 19-49","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/19-511_l537.pdf","page_label":"file page 15, lines 19-49"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 17, lines 7-19","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/19-511_l537.pdf","page_label":"file page 17, lines 7-19"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 6, lines 21-41","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/19-511_l537.pdf","page_label":"file page 6, lines 21-41"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 67, lines 41-53","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/19-511_l537.pdf","page_label":"file page 67, lines 41-53"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 68, lines 17-13","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/19-511_l537.pdf","page_label":"file page 68, lines 17-13"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 7, lines 29-41","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/19-511_l537.pdf","page_label":"file page 7, lines 29-41"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 70, lines 39-21","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/19-511_l537.pdf","page_label":"file page 70, lines 39-21"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 71, lines 45-31","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/19-511_l537.pdf","page_label":"file page 71, lines 45-31"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 72, lines 39-45","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/19-511_l537.pdf","page_label":"file page 72, lines 39-45"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 72, lines 51-7","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/19-511_l537.pdf","page_label":"file page 72, lines 51-7"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 73, lines 25-35","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/19-511_l537.pdf","page_label":"file page 73, lines 25-35"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 73, lines 43-49","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/19-511_l537.pdf","page_label":"file page 73, lines 43-49"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 74, lines 17-25","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/19-511_l537.pdf","page_label":"file page 74, lines 17-25"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 74, lines 31-35","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/19-511_l537.pdf","page_label":"file page 74, lines 31-35"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 74, lines 9-11","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/19-511_l537.pdf","page_label":"file page 74, lines 9-11"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 75, lines 27-11","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/19-511_l537.pdf","page_label":"file page 75, lines 27-11"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 8, lines 23-33","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/19-511_l537.pdf","page_label":"file page 8, lines 23-33"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 9, lines 37-49","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/19-511_l537.pdf","page_label":"file page 9, lines 37-49"}]},{"heading":"Why it matters","paragraphs":["The outcome defines which phone systems face liability for unwanted calls. It shapes privacy protections for consumers nationwide. It determines the scope of federal regulation on technology."],"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 28, lines 33-45","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/19-511_l537.pdf","page_label":"file page 28, lines 33-45"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 4, lines 23-19","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/19-511_l537.pdf","page_label":"file page 4, lines 23-19"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 50, lines 29-13","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/19-511_l537.pdf","page_label":"file page 50, lines 29-13"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 67, lines 17-39","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/19-511_l537.pdf","page_label":"file page 67, lines 17-39"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 85, lines 41-55","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/19-511_l537.pdf","page_label":"file page 85, lines 41-55"}]},{"heading":"What happens next","paragraphs":["This article currently covers the argument record. Use the official docket link for later case activity."],"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 10, lines 25-47","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/19-511_l537.pdf","page_label":"file page 10, lines 25-47"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 10, lines 53-55","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/19-511_l537.pdf","page_label":"file page 10, lines 53-55"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 11, lines 13-15","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/19-511_l537.pdf","page_label":"file page 11, lines 13-15"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 11, lines 19-25","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/19-511_l537.pdf","page_label":"file page 11, lines 19-25"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 11, lines 53-15","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/19-511_l537.pdf","page_label":"file page 11, lines 53-15"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 12, lines 43-47","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/19-511_l537.pdf","page_label":"file page 12, lines 43-47"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 15, lines 19-49","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/19-511_l537.pdf","page_label":"file page 15, lines 19-49"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 17, lines 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