{"argument_date":"2020-11-03T00:00:00Z","arguments":[{"argument_date":"2020-11-03T00:00:00Z","heading":"What happened at the argument","official_detail_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcript/2020","official_transcript_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/18-1259_e2p3.pdf","paragraphs":["Shapiro argued most children are capable of redemption.","Liu argued Montgomery already answered the main legal question.","Nobile explained the lower court applied Miller as substantive."],"reargument":false,"sequence":1,"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 10, lines 47-17","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/18-1259_e2p3.pdf","page_label":"file page 10, lines 47-17"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 11, lines 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25-41","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/18-1259_e2p3.pdf","page_label":"file page 73, lines 25-41"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 74, lines 15-27","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/18-1259_e2p3.pdf","page_label":"file page 74, lines 15-27"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 75, lines 27-49","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/18-1259_e2p3.pdf","page_label":"file page 75, lines 27-49"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 76, lines 15-21","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/18-1259_e2p3.pdf","page_label":"file page 76, lines 15-21"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 76, lines 25-27","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/18-1259_e2p3.pdf","page_label":"file page 76, lines 25-27"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 76, lines 51-11","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/18-1259_e2p3.pdf","page_label":"file page 76, lines 51-11"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 8, lines 27-9","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/18-1259_e2p3.pdf","page_label":"file page 8, lines 27-9"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 80, lines 45-45","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/18-1259_e2p3.pdf","page_label":"file page 80, lines 45-45"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 85, lines 13-51","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/18-1259_e2p3.pdf","page_label":"file page 85, lines 13-51"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 9, lines 47-15","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/18-1259_e2p3.pdf","page_label":"file page 9, lines 47-15"}]}],"caption":"Jones v. Mississippi","case_history":[{"changed_at":"2026-08-29T20:06:18.901727Z","explanation":"An official oral-argument transcript was verified.","status":"argued"},{"changed_at":"2026-08-29T20:06:18.912703Z","explanation":"An official oral-argument transcript was verified.","status":"argued"},{"changed_at":"2026-08-29T23:56:55.356619Z","explanation":"An official Court opinion was verified.","status":"decided"}],"case_status":"decided","dek":"Jones argues a formal finding is required. Mississippi argues no specific finding is needed.","dek_sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 41, lines 17-25","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/18-1259_e2p3.pdf","page_label":"file page 41, lines 17-25"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 5, lines 23-55","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/18-1259_e2p3.pdf","page_label":"file page 5, lines 23-55"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 65, lines 55-39","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/18-1259_e2p3.pdf","page_label":"file page 65, lines 55-39"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 68, lines 49-51","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/18-1259_e2p3.pdf","page_label":"file page 68, lines 49-51"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 85, lines 13-51","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/18-1259_e2p3.pdf","page_label":"file page 85, lines 13-51"}],"dispositions":[],"latest_court_document_date":"2020-11-03T00:00:00Z","maturity":"post_opinion","official_detail_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcript/2020","official_disposition_urls":["https://www.supremecourt.gov/opinions/20pdf/593us1r30_4315.pdf"],"official_docket_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/docket/docketfiles/html/public/18-1259.html","primary_docket":"18-1259","revisions":[{"correction_note":"Rewritten to the concise citizen-facing editorial standard.","created_at":"2026-08-30T17:24:35.496339Z","maturity":"post_opinion","revision_number":1},{"correction_note":"Migrated to the dated official Court activity contract without model use.","created_at":"2026-09-05T03:22:24Z","maturity":"post_opinion","revision_number":2}],"schema_version":"1.1","sections":[{"heading":"What this case is about","paragraphs":["The case tests whether juvenile life sentences need a formal finding of permanent incorrigibility."],"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 41, lines 17-25","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/18-1259_e2p3.pdf","page_label":"file page 41, lines 17-25"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 5, lines 23-55","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/18-1259_e2p3.pdf","page_label":"file page 5, lines 23-55"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 65, lines 55-39","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/18-1259_e2p3.pdf","page_label":"file page 65, lines 55-39"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 68, lines 49-51","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/18-1259_e2p3.pdf","page_label":"file page 68, lines 49-51"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 85, lines 13-51","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/18-1259_e2p3.pdf","page_label":"file page 85, lines 13-51"}]},{"heading":"How the case got here","paragraphs":["The Supreme Court heard oral argument in this case on November 3, 2020."],"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 5, lines 11-21","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/18-1259_e2p3.pdf","page_label":"file page 5, lines 11-21"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 80, lines 45-45","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/18-1259_e2p3.pdf","page_label":"file page 80, lines 45-45"}]},{"heading":"What each side wants","paragraphs":["Jones wants a formal finding of permanent incorrigibility.","Mississippi wants no specific finding requirement."],"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 41, lines 17-25","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/18-1259_e2p3.pdf","page_label":"file page 41, lines 17-25"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 5, lines 23-55","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/18-1259_e2p3.pdf","page_label":"file page 5, lines 23-55"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 65, lines 55-39","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/18-1259_e2p3.pdf","page_label":"file page 65, lines 55-39"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 68, lines 49-51","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/18-1259_e2p3.pdf","page_label":"file page 68, lines 49-51"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 85, lines 13-51","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/18-1259_e2p3.pdf","page_label":"file page 85, lines 13-51"}]},{"heading":"What each side says","paragraphs":["Jones argues Miller requires a substantive finding of incorrigibility.","Mississippi argues Miller does not require an affirmative finding."],"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 41, lines 17-25","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/18-1259_e2p3.pdf","page_label":"file page 41, lines 17-25"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 5, lines 23-55","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/18-1259_e2p3.pdf","page_label":"file page 5, lines 23-55"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 65, lines 55-39","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/18-1259_e2p3.pdf","page_label":"file page 65, lines 55-39"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 68, lines 49-51","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/18-1259_e2p3.pdf","page_label":"file page 68, lines 49-51"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 85, lines 13-51","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/18-1259_e2p3.pdf","page_label":"file page 85, lines 13-51"}]},{"heading":"What the justices asked","paragraphs":["Justice Thomas asked if Miller is substantive without Montgomery.","Justice Alito asked if any human is incapable of redemption."],"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 10, lines 47-17","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/18-1259_e2p3.pdf","page_label":"file page 10, lines 47-17"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 11, lines 47-53","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/18-1259_e2p3.pdf","page_label":"file page 11, lines 47-53"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 12, lines 37-43","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/18-1259_e2p3.pdf","page_label":"file page 12, lines 37-43"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 13, lines 31-47","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/18-1259_e2p3.pdf","page_label":"file page 13, lines 31-47"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 14, lines 29-49","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/18-1259_e2p3.pdf","page_label":"file page 14, lines 29-49"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 16, lines 29-35","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/18-1259_e2p3.pdf","page_label":"file page 16, lines 29-35"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 16, lines 47-9","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/18-1259_e2p3.pdf","page_label":"file page 16, lines 47-9"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 17, lines 29-7","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/18-1259_e2p3.pdf","page_label":"file page 17, lines 29-7"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 18, lines 53-37","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/18-1259_e2p3.pdf","page_label":"file page 18, lines 53-37"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 66, lines 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53-7","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/18-1259_e2p3.pdf","page_label":"file page 70, lines 53-7"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 72, lines 15-17","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/18-1259_e2p3.pdf","page_label":"file page 72, lines 15-17"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 72, lines 25-45","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/18-1259_e2p3.pdf","page_label":"file page 72, lines 25-45"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 73, lines 25-41","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/18-1259_e2p3.pdf","page_label":"file page 73, lines 25-41"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 74, lines 15-27","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/18-1259_e2p3.pdf","page_label":"file page 74, lines 15-27"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 75, lines 27-49","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/18-1259_e2p3.pdf","page_label":"file page 75, lines 27-49"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 76, lines 15-21","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/18-1259_e2p3.pdf","page_label":"file page 76, lines 15-21"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 76, lines 25-27","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/18-1259_e2p3.pdf","page_label":"file page 76, lines 25-27"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 76, lines 51-11","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/18-1259_e2p3.pdf","page_label":"file page 76, lines 51-11"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 8, lines 27-9","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/18-1259_e2p3.pdf","page_label":"file page 8, lines 27-9"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 9, lines 47-15","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/18-1259_e2p3.pdf","page_label":"file page 9, lines 47-15"}]},{"heading":"Why it matters","paragraphs":["This defines the procedural floor for juvenile life sentences."],"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 41, lines 17-25","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/18-1259_e2p3.pdf","page_label":"file page 41, lines 17-25"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 5, lines 23-55","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/18-1259_e2p3.pdf","page_label":"file page 5, lines 23-55"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 65, lines 55-39","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/18-1259_e2p3.pdf","page_label":"file page 65, lines 55-39"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 68, lines 49-51","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/18-1259_e2p3.pdf","page_label":"file page 68, lines 49-51"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 85, lines 13-51","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/18-1259_e2p3.pdf","page_label":"file page 85, lines 13-51"}]},{"heading":"What happens next","paragraphs":["This article currently covers the argument record. Use the official docket link for later case activity."],"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 10, lines 47-17","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/18-1259_e2p3.pdf","page_label":"file page 10, lines 47-17"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 11, lines 47-53","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/18-1259_e2p3.pdf","page_label":"file page 11, lines 47-53"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 12, lines 37-43","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/18-1259_e2p3.pdf","page_label":"file page 12, lines 37-43"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 13, lines 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