{"argument_date":"2019-10-16T00:00:00Z","arguments":[{"argument_date":"2019-10-16T00:00:00Z","heading":"What happened at the argument","official_detail_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcript/2019","official_transcript_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2019/17-834_5h25.pdf","paragraphs":["General Schmidt stated that identity theft victims face financial harm.","General Schmidt argued that states traditionally prosecute fraud and forgery.","General Schmidt claimed Congress did not withdraw state authority in 1986.","Mr. Michel argued that the opposing sides stole identity information for tax forms."],"reargument":false,"sequence":1,"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 10, lines 27-35","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2019/17-834_5h25.pdf","page_label":"file page 10, lines 27-35"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 10, lines 45-9","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2019/17-834_5h25.pdf","page_label":"file page 10, lines 45-9"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 11, lines 19-23","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2019/17-834_5h25.pdf","page_label":"file page 11, lines 19-23"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 11, lines 27-29","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2019/17-834_5h25.pdf","page_label":"file page 11, lines 27-29"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 12, lines 13-15","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2019/17-834_5h25.pdf","page_label":"file page 12, lines 13-15"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 12, lines 17-23","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2019/17-834_5h25.pdf","page_label":"file page 12, lines 17-23"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 13, lines 17-43","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2019/17-834_5h25.pdf","page_label":"file page 13, lines 17-43"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 22, lines 25-31","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2019/17-834_5h25.pdf","page_label":"file page 22, lines 25-31"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 33, lines 53-29","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2019/17-834_5h25.pdf","page_label":"file page 33, lines 53-29"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 4, lines 11-21","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2019/17-834_5h25.pdf","page_label":"file page 4, lines 11-21"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 4, lines 23-13","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2019/17-834_5h25.pdf","page_label":"file page 4, lines 23-13"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 6, lines 15-27","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2019/17-834_5h25.pdf","page_label":"file page 6, lines 15-27"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 67, lines 41-45","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2019/17-834_5h25.pdf","page_label":"file page 67, lines 41-45"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 68, lines 47-17","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2019/17-834_5h25.pdf","page_label":"file page 68, lines 47-17"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 69, lines 33-37","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2019/17-834_5h25.pdf","page_label":"file page 69, lines 33-37"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 7, lines 19-19","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2019/17-834_5h25.pdf","page_label":"file page 7, lines 19-19"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 7, lines 25-37","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2019/17-834_5h25.pdf","page_label":"file page 7, lines 25-37"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 70, lines 27-45","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2019/17-834_5h25.pdf","page_label":"file page 70, lines 27-45"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 73, lines 47-49","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2019/17-834_5h25.pdf","page_label":"file page 73, lines 47-49"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 8, lines 11-29","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2019/17-834_5h25.pdf","page_label":"file page 8, lines 11-29"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 9, lines 53-11","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2019/17-834_5h25.pdf","page_label":"file page 9, lines 53-11"}]}],"caption":"Kansas v. Garcia","case_history":[{"changed_at":"2026-08-29T20:06:19.866761Z","explanation":"An official oral-argument transcript was verified.","status":"argued"},{"changed_at":"2026-08-29T20:06:19.872509Z","explanation":"An official oral-argument transcript was verified.","status":"argued"}],"case_status":"argued","dek":"Kansas argues federal law does not block state fraud charges. Garcia argues federal law preempts those state charges.","dek_sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 22, lines 25-31","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2019/17-834_5h25.pdf","page_label":"file page 22, lines 25-31"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 33, lines 53-29","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2019/17-834_5h25.pdf","page_label":"file page 33, lines 53-29"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 4, lines 23-13","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2019/17-834_5h25.pdf","page_label":"file page 4, lines 23-13"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 67, lines 41-45","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2019/17-834_5h25.pdf","page_label":"file page 67, lines 41-45"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 70, lines 27-45","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2019/17-834_5h25.pdf","page_label":"file page 70, lines 27-45"}],"dispositions":[],"latest_court_document_date":"2019-10-16T00:00:00Z","maturity":"official_transcript","official_detail_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcript/2019","official_disposition_urls":[],"official_docket_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/docket/docketfiles/html/public/17-834.html","primary_docket":"17-834","revisions":[{"correction_note":"Rewritten to the concise citizen-facing editorial standard.","created_at":"2026-08-30T17:44:50.613311Z","maturity":"official_transcript","revision_number":1},{"correction_note":"Migrated to the dated official Court activity contract without model use.","created_at":"2026-09-05T03:22:24Z","maturity":"official_transcript","revision_number":2}],"schema_version":"1.1","sections":[{"heading":"What this case is about","paragraphs":["Kansas wants to prosecute individuals for using false information on tax forms. Garcia wants a federal rule to block those state prosecutions."],"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 22, lines 25-31","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2019/17-834_5h25.pdf","page_label":"file page 22, lines 25-31"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 33, lines 53-29","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2019/17-834_5h25.pdf","page_label":"file page 33, lines 53-29"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 4, lines 23-13","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2019/17-834_5h25.pdf","page_label":"file page 4, lines 23-13"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 67, lines 41-45","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2019/17-834_5h25.pdf","page_label":"file page 67, lines 41-45"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 70, lines 27-45","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2019/17-834_5h25.pdf","page_label":"file page 70, lines 27-45"}]},{"heading":"How the case got here","paragraphs":["The Supreme Court heard oral argument in this case on October 16, 2019."],"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 4, lines 11-21","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2019/17-834_5h25.pdf","page_label":"file page 4, lines 11-21"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 73, lines 47-49","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2019/17-834_5h25.pdf","page_label":"file page 73, lines 47-49"}]},{"heading":"What each side wants","paragraphs":["Kansas wants to prosecute fraud using false tax information.","Garcia wants a federal rule to block state fraud prosecutions."],"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 22, lines 25-31","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2019/17-834_5h25.pdf","page_label":"file page 22, lines 25-31"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 33, lines 53-29","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2019/17-834_5h25.pdf","page_label":"file page 33, lines 53-29"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 4, lines 23-13","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2019/17-834_5h25.pdf","page_label":"file page 4, lines 23-13"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 67, lines 41-45","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2019/17-834_5h25.pdf","page_label":"file page 67, lines 41-45"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 70, lines 27-45","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2019/17-834_5h25.pdf","page_label":"file page 70, lines 27-45"}]},{"heading":"What each side says","paragraphs":["Kansas argues Congress did not withdraw state fraud authority in 1986.","Garcia argues federal immigration law preempts state fraud prosecutions."],"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 22, lines 25-31","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2019/17-834_5h25.pdf","page_label":"file page 22, lines 25-31"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 33, lines 53-29","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2019/17-834_5h25.pdf","page_label":"file page 33, lines 53-29"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 4, lines 23-13","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2019/17-834_5h25.pdf","page_label":"file page 4, lines 23-13"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 67, lines 41-45","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2019/17-834_5h25.pdf","page_label":"file page 67, lines 41-45"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 70, lines 27-45","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2019/17-834_5h25.pdf","page_label":"file page 70, lines 27-45"}]},{"heading":"What the justices asked","paragraphs":["Justice Sotomayor asked if one concession implies another.","Justice Ginsburg asked why prosecutors initially charged I-9 violations."],"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 10, lines 27-35","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2019/17-834_5h25.pdf","page_label":"file page 10, lines 27-35"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 10, lines 45-9","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2019/17-834_5h25.pdf","page_label":"file page 10, lines 45-9"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 11, lines 19-23","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2019/17-834_5h25.pdf","page_label":"file page 11, lines 19-23"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 11, lines 27-29","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2019/17-834_5h25.pdf","page_label":"file page 11, lines 27-29"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 12, lines 13-15","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2019/17-834_5h25.pdf","page_label":"file page 12, lines 13-15"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 12, lines 17-23","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2019/17-834_5h25.pdf","page_label":"file page 12, lines 17-23"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 13, lines 17-43","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2019/17-834_5h25.pdf","page_label":"file page 13, lines 17-43"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 6, lines 15-27","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2019/17-834_5h25.pdf","page_label":"file page 6, lines 15-27"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 68, lines 47-17","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2019/17-834_5h25.pdf","page_label":"file page 68, lines 47-17"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 69, lines 33-37","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2019/17-834_5h25.pdf","page_label":"file page 69, lines 33-37"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 7, lines 19-19","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2019/17-834_5h25.pdf","page_label":"file page 7, lines 19-19"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 7, lines 25-37","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2019/17-834_5h25.pdf","page_label":"file page 7, lines 25-37"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 73, lines 47-49","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2019/17-834_5h25.pdf","page_label":"file page 73, lines 47-49"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 8, lines 11-29","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2019/17-834_5h25.pdf","page_label":"file page 8, lines 11-29"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 9, lines 53-11","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2019/17-834_5h25.pdf","page_label":"file page 9, lines 53-11"}]},{"heading":"Why it matters","paragraphs":["This case defines the boundary between state fraud laws and federal immigration rules. It determines whether states can punish false tax forms. It affects how employers verify worker identity. It shapes the scope of federal preemption in employment fraud."],"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 22, lines 25-31","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2019/17-834_5h25.pdf","page_label":"file page 22, lines 25-31"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 33, lines 53-29","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2019/17-834_5h25.pdf","page_label":"file page 33, lines 53-29"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 4, lines 23-13","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2019/17-834_5h25.pdf","page_label":"file page 4, lines 23-13"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 67, lines 41-45","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2019/17-834_5h25.pdf","page_label":"file page 67, lines 41-45"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 70, lines 27-45","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2019/17-834_5h25.pdf","page_label":"file page 70, lines 27-45"}]},{"heading":"What happens next","paragraphs":["This article currently covers the argument record. Use the official docket link for later case activity."],"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 10, lines 27-35","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2019/17-834_5h25.pdf","page_label":"file page 10, lines 27-35"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 10, lines 45-9","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2019/17-834_5h25.pdf","page_label":"file page 10, lines 45-9"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 11, lines 19-23","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2019/17-834_5h25.pdf","page_label":"file page 11, lines 19-23"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 11, lines 27-29","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2019/17-834_5h25.pdf","page_label":"file page 11, lines 27-29"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 12, lines 13-15","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2019/17-834_5h25.pdf","page_label":"file page 12, lines 13-15"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 12, lines 17-23","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2019/17-834_5h25.pdf","page_label":"file page 12, lines 17-23"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 13, lines 17-43","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2019/17-834_5h25.pdf","page_label":"file page 13, lines 17-43"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 4, lines 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53-11","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2019/17-834_5h25.pdf","page_label":"file page 9, lines 53-11"}]}],"slug":"2019-17-834-kansas-v-garcia","term":"2019","title":"Can states prosecute false tax forms used to hide immigration status?","title_sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 22, lines 25-31","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2019/17-834_5h25.pdf","page_label":"file page 22, lines 25-31"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 33, lines 53-29","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2019/17-834_5h25.pdf","page_label":"file page 33, lines 53-29"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 4, lines 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