{"argument_date":"2019-11-12T00:00:00Z","arguments":[{"argument_date":"2019-11-12T00:00:00Z","heading":"What happened at the argument","official_detail_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcript/2019","official_transcript_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2019/17-1678_21p3.pdf","paragraphs":["Stephen Vladeck argued the family should have a Bivens remedy for the shooting.","He noted the government previously conceded a remedy would exist on U.S. soil.","Michael Wall argued the family seeks to create a new cause of action.","He stated Congress has declined to provide a remedy in this context."],"reargument":false,"sequence":1,"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 10, lines 55-29","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2019/17-1678_21p3.pdf","page_label":"file page 10, lines 55-29"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 12, lines 39-51","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2019/17-1678_21p3.pdf","page_label":"file page 12, lines 39-51"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 14, lines 15-17","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2019/17-1678_21p3.pdf","page_label":"file page 14, lines 15-17"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 14, lines 19-33","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2019/17-1678_21p3.pdf","page_label":"file page 14, lines 19-33"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 15, lines 11-11","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2019/17-1678_21p3.pdf","page_label":"file page 15, lines 11-11"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 15, lines 15-35","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2019/17-1678_21p3.pdf","page_label":"file page 15, lines 15-35"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 15, lines 41-45","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2019/17-1678_21p3.pdf","page_label":"file page 15, lines 41-45"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 16, lines 23-29","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2019/17-1678_21p3.pdf","page_label":"file page 16, lines 23-29"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 16, lines 55-19","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2019/17-1678_21p3.pdf","page_label":"file page 16, lines 55-19"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 17, lines 27-29","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2019/17-1678_21p3.pdf","page_label":"file page 17, lines 27-29"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 34, lines 25-55","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2019/17-1678_21p3.pdf","page_label":"file page 34, lines 25-55"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 4, lines 11-21","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2019/17-1678_21p3.pdf","page_label":"file page 4, lines 11-21"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 4, lines 23-29","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2019/17-1678_21p3.pdf","page_label":"file page 4, lines 23-29"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 53, lines 53-21","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2019/17-1678_21p3.pdf","page_label":"file page 53, lines 53-21"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 66, lines 29-41","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2019/17-1678_21p3.pdf","page_label":"file page 66, lines 29-41"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 68, lines 49-7","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2019/17-1678_21p3.pdf","page_label":"file page 68, lines 49-7"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 69, lines 47-3","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2019/17-1678_21p3.pdf","page_label":"file page 69, lines 47-3"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 73, lines 5-64","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2019/17-1678_21p3.pdf","page_label":"file page 73, lines 5-64"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 75, lines 65-65","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2019/17-1678_21p3.pdf","page_label":"file page 75, lines 65-65"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 8, lines 37-43","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2019/17-1678_21p3.pdf","page_label":"file page 8, lines 37-43"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 9, lines 31-39","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2019/17-1678_21p3.pdf","page_label":"file page 9, lines 31-39"}]}],"caption":"Hernández v. Mesa","case_history":[{"changed_at":"2026-08-29T20:06:19.713511Z","explanation":"An official oral-argument transcript was verified.","status":"argued"},{"changed_at":"2026-08-29T20:06:19.748649Z","explanation":"An official oral-argument transcript was verified.","status":"argued"}],"case_status":"argued","dek":"The case tests whether federal courts allow damages claims against officers for deaths on foreign soil.","dek_sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 34, lines 25-55","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2019/17-1678_21p3.pdf","page_label":"file page 34, lines 25-55"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 4, lines 23-29","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2019/17-1678_21p3.pdf","page_label":"file page 4, lines 23-29"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 53, lines 53-21","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2019/17-1678_21p3.pdf","page_label":"file page 53, lines 53-21"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 66, lines 29-41","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2019/17-1678_21p3.pdf","page_label":"file page 66, lines 29-41"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 73, lines 5-64","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2019/17-1678_21p3.pdf","page_label":"file page 73, lines 5-64"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 75, lines 65-65","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2019/17-1678_21p3.pdf","page_label":"file page 75, lines 65-65"}],"dispositions":[],"latest_court_document_date":"2019-11-12T00:00:00Z","maturity":"official_transcript","official_detail_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcript/2019","official_disposition_urls":[],"official_docket_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/docket/docketfiles/html/public/17-1678.html","primary_docket":"17-1678","revisions":[{"correction_note":"Rewritten to the concise citizen-facing editorial standard.","created_at":"2026-08-30T17:41:54.331853Z","maturity":"official_transcript","revision_number":1},{"correction_note":"Migrated to the dated official Court activity contract without model use.","created_at":"2026-09-05T03:22:24Z","maturity":"official_transcript","revision_number":2}],"schema_version":"1.1","sections":[{"heading":"What this case is about","paragraphs":["Sergio Hernandez died on Mexican soil after a U.S. Border Patrol officer shot him. His family seeks damages. The officer argues no legal remedy exists for cross-border incidents."],"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 34, lines 25-55","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2019/17-1678_21p3.pdf","page_label":"file page 34, lines 25-55"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 4, lines 23-29","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2019/17-1678_21p3.pdf","page_label":"file page 4, lines 23-29"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 53, lines 53-21","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2019/17-1678_21p3.pdf","page_label":"file page 53, lines 53-21"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 66, lines 29-41","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2019/17-1678_21p3.pdf","page_label":"file page 66, lines 29-41"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 73, lines 5-64","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2019/17-1678_21p3.pdf","page_label":"file page 73, lines 5-64"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 75, lines 65-65","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2019/17-1678_21p3.pdf","page_label":"file page 75, lines 65-65"}]},{"heading":"How the case got here","paragraphs":["The Supreme Court heard oral argument in this case on November 12, 2019."],"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 4, lines 11-21","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2019/17-1678_21p3.pdf","page_label":"file page 4, lines 11-21"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 69, lines 47-3","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2019/17-1678_21p3.pdf","page_label":"file page 69, lines 47-3"}]},{"heading":"What each side wants","paragraphs":["The family wants a federal damages remedy for the officer's actions.","The officer wants the court to deny any federal damages claim."],"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 34, lines 25-55","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2019/17-1678_21p3.pdf","page_label":"file page 34, lines 25-55"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 4, lines 23-29","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2019/17-1678_21p3.pdf","page_label":"file page 4, lines 23-29"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 53, lines 53-21","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2019/17-1678_21p3.pdf","page_label":"file page 53, lines 53-21"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 66, lines 29-41","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2019/17-1678_21p3.pdf","page_label":"file page 66, lines 29-41"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 73, lines 5-64","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2019/17-1678_21p3.pdf","page_label":"file page 73, lines 5-64"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 75, lines 65-65","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2019/17-1678_21p3.pdf","page_label":"file page 75, lines 65-65"}]},{"heading":"What each side says","paragraphs":["The family argues the Fourth Amendment implies a damages remedy for this violation.","The officer argues Congress has not authorized such a remedy in this context."],"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 34, lines 25-55","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2019/17-1678_21p3.pdf","page_label":"file page 34, lines 25-55"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 4, lines 23-29","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2019/17-1678_21p3.pdf","page_label":"file page 4, lines 23-29"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 53, lines 53-21","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2019/17-1678_21p3.pdf","page_label":"file page 53, lines 53-21"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 66, lines 29-41","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2019/17-1678_21p3.pdf","page_label":"file page 66, lines 29-41"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 73, lines 5-64","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2019/17-1678_21p3.pdf","page_label":"file page 73, lines 5-64"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 75, lines 65-65","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2019/17-1678_21p3.pdf","page_label":"file page 75, lines 65-65"}]},{"heading":"What the justices asked","paragraphs":["Justice Alito asked if a state officer would face a federal claim in the same scenario.","Justice Gorsuch asked what principle limits claims for foreign nationals injured abroad."],"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 10, lines 55-29","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2019/17-1678_21p3.pdf","page_label":"file page 10, lines 55-29"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 12, lines 39-51","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2019/17-1678_21p3.pdf","page_label":"file page 12, lines 39-51"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 14, lines 15-17","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2019/17-1678_21p3.pdf","page_label":"file page 14, lines 15-17"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 14, lines 19-33","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2019/17-1678_21p3.pdf","page_label":"file page 14, lines 19-33"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 15, lines 11-11","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2019/17-1678_21p3.pdf","page_label":"file page 15, lines 11-11"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 15, lines 15-35","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2019/17-1678_21p3.pdf","page_label":"file page 15, lines 15-35"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 15, lines 41-45","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2019/17-1678_21p3.pdf","page_label":"file page 15, lines 41-45"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 16, lines 23-29","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2019/17-1678_21p3.pdf","page_label":"file page 16, lines 23-29"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 16, lines 55-19","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2019/17-1678_21p3.pdf","page_label":"file page 16, lines 55-19"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 17, lines 27-29","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2019/17-1678_21p3.pdf","page_label":"file page 17, lines 27-29"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 68, lines 49-7","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2019/17-1678_21p3.pdf","page_label":"file page 68, lines 49-7"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 69, lines 47-3","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2019/17-1678_21p3.pdf","page_label":"file page 69, lines 47-3"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 8, lines 37-43","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2019/17-1678_21p3.pdf","page_label":"file page 8, lines 37-43"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 9, lines 31-39","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2019/17-1678_21p3.pdf","page_label":"file page 9, lines 31-39"}]},{"heading":"Why it matters","paragraphs":["This case defines the scope of federal damages remedies for cross-border law enforcement actions. It determines whether families can seek compensation for deaths on foreign soil. The outcome shapes the balance between individual rights and national security operations."],"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 34, lines 25-55","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2019/17-1678_21p3.pdf","page_label":"file page 34, lines 25-55"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 4, lines 23-29","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2019/17-1678_21p3.pdf","page_label":"file page 4, lines 23-29"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 53, lines 53-21","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2019/17-1678_21p3.pdf","page_label":"file page 53, lines 53-21"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 66, lines 29-41","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2019/17-1678_21p3.pdf","page_label":"file page 66, lines 29-41"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 73, lines 5-64","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2019/17-1678_21p3.pdf","page_label":"file page 73, lines 5-64"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 75, lines 65-65","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2019/17-1678_21p3.pdf","page_label":"file page 75, lines 65-65"}]},{"heading":"What happens next","paragraphs":["This article currently covers the argument record. Use the official docket link for later case activity."],"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 10, lines 55-29","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2019/17-1678_21p3.pdf","page_label":"file page 10, lines 55-29"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 12, lines 39-51","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2019/17-1678_21p3.pdf","page_label":"file page 12, lines 39-51"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 14, lines 15-17","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2019/17-1678_21p3.pdf","page_label":"file page 14, lines 15-17"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 14, lines 19-33","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2019/17-1678_21p3.pdf","page_label":"file page 14, lines 19-33"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 15, lines 11-11","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2019/17-1678_21p3.pdf","page_label":"file page 15, lines 11-11"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 15, lines 15-35","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2019/17-1678_21p3.pdf","page_label":"file page 15, lines 15-35"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 15, lines 41-45","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2019/17-1678_21p3.pdf","page_label":"file page 15, lines 41-45"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 16, lines 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49-7","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2019/17-1678_21p3.pdf","page_label":"file page 68, lines 49-7"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 69, lines 47-3","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2019/17-1678_21p3.pdf","page_label":"file page 69, lines 47-3"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 8, lines 37-43","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2019/17-1678_21p3.pdf","page_label":"file page 8, lines 37-43"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 9, lines 31-39","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2019/17-1678_21p3.pdf","page_label":"file page 9, lines 31-39"}]}],"slug":"2019-17-1678-hern-ndez-v-mesa","term":"2019","title":"Can a family sue a federal officer for a cross-border shooting?","title_sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 34, lines 25-55","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2019/17-1678_21p3.pdf","page_label":"file page 34, lines 25-55"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 4, lines 23-29","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2019/17-1678_21p3.pdf","page_label":"file page 4, lines 23-29"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 53, lines 53-21","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2019/17-1678_21p3.pdf","page_label":"file page 53, lines 53-21"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 66, lines 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