{"argument_date":"2019-03-18T00:00:00Z","arguments":[{"argument_date":"2019-03-18T00:00:00Z","heading":"What happened at the argument","official_detail_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcript/2018","official_transcript_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2018/18-281_0pl1.pdf","paragraphs":["Paul Clement argued the House is the only sovereign harmed by the ruling.","He stated the Court is being asked to referee a state government dispute.","Clement noted the 2011 plan had overwhelming bipartisan support.","He claimed the plan received swift federal preclearance before the lawsuit began."],"reargument":false,"sequence":1,"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 10, lines 10-11","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2018/18-281_0pl1.pdf","page_label":"file page 10, lines 10-11"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 10, lines 12-26","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2018/18-281_0pl1.pdf","page_label":"file page 10, lines 12-26"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 11, lines 22-27","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2018/18-281_0pl1.pdf","page_label":"file page 11, lines 22-27"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 12, lines 30-17","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2018/18-281_0pl1.pdf","page_label":"file page 12, lines 30-17"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 13, lines 31-15","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2018/18-281_0pl1.pdf","page_label":"file page 13, lines 31-15"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 14, lines 25-7","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2018/18-281_0pl1.pdf","page_label":"file page 14, lines 25-7"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 15, lines 10-13","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2018/18-281_0pl1.pdf","page_label":"file page 15, lines 10-13"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 15, lines 28-27","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2018/18-281_0pl1.pdf","page_label":"file page 15, lines 28-27"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 18, lines 23-25","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2018/18-281_0pl1.pdf","page_label":"file page 18, lines 23-25"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 18, lines 27-15","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2018/18-281_0pl1.pdf","page_label":"file page 18, lines 27-15"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 28, lines 22-32","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2018/18-281_0pl1.pdf","page_label":"file page 28, lines 22-32"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 39, lines 26-10","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2018/18-281_0pl1.pdf","page_label":"file page 39, lines 26-10"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 5, lines 17-26","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2018/18-281_0pl1.pdf","page_label":"file page 5, lines 17-26"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 5, lines 8-16","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2018/18-281_0pl1.pdf","page_label":"file page 5, lines 8-16"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 51, lines 34-15","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2018/18-281_0pl1.pdf","page_label":"file page 51, lines 34-15"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 67, lines 15-34","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2018/18-281_0pl1.pdf","page_label":"file page 67, lines 15-34"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 67, lines 36-11","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2018/18-281_0pl1.pdf","page_label":"file page 67, lines 36-11"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 68, lines 18-23","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2018/18-281_0pl1.pdf","page_label":"file page 68, lines 18-23"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 69, lines 12-16","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2018/18-281_0pl1.pdf","page_label":"file page 69, lines 12-16"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 7, lines 28-8","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2018/18-281_0pl1.pdf","page_label":"file page 7, lines 28-8"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 71, lines 13-15","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2018/18-281_0pl1.pdf","page_label":"file page 71, lines 13-15"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 9, lines 21-27","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2018/18-281_0pl1.pdf","page_label":"file page 9, lines 21-27"}]}],"caption":"Virginia House of Delegates v. Bethune-Hill","case_history":[{"changed_at":"2026-08-29T20:06:20.024682Z","explanation":"An official oral-argument transcript was verified.","status":"argued"},{"changed_at":"2026-08-29T20:06:20.047565Z","explanation":"An official oral-argument transcript was verified.","status":"argued"}],"case_status":"argued","dek":"Virginia legislators claim the state attorney general wrongly refused to appeal a federal court order. They argue the House has standing to defend its own redistricting plan.","dek_sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 28, lines 22-32","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2018/18-281_0pl1.pdf","page_label":"file page 28, lines 22-32"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 39, lines 26-10","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2018/18-281_0pl1.pdf","page_label":"file page 39, lines 26-10"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 5, lines 17-26","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2018/18-281_0pl1.pdf","page_label":"file page 5, lines 17-26"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 51, lines 34-15","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2018/18-281_0pl1.pdf","page_label":"file page 51, lines 34-15"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 67, lines 15-34","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2018/18-281_0pl1.pdf","page_label":"file page 67, lines 15-34"}],"dispositions":[],"latest_court_document_date":"2019-03-18T00:00:00Z","maturity":"official_transcript","official_detail_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcript/2018","official_disposition_urls":[],"official_docket_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/docket/docketfiles/html/public/18-281.html","primary_docket":"18-281","revisions":[{"correction_note":"Rewritten to the concise citizen-facing editorial standard.","created_at":"2026-08-30T17:55:17.457888Z","maturity":"official_transcript","revision_number":1},{"correction_note":"Migrated to the dated official Court activity contract without model use.","created_at":"2026-09-05T03:22:24Z","maturity":"official_transcript","revision_number":2}],"schema_version":"1.1","sections":[{"heading":"What this case is about","paragraphs":["A federal court struck down Virginia's redistricting plan. The state attorney general declined to appeal. The House of Delegates sued to defend the plan itself."],"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 28, lines 22-32","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2018/18-281_0pl1.pdf","page_label":"file page 28, lines 22-32"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 39, lines 26-10","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2018/18-281_0pl1.pdf","page_label":"file page 39, lines 26-10"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 5, lines 17-26","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2018/18-281_0pl1.pdf","page_label":"file page 5, lines 17-26"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 51, lines 34-15","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2018/18-281_0pl1.pdf","page_label":"file page 51, lines 34-15"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 67, lines 15-34","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2018/18-281_0pl1.pdf","page_label":"file page 67, lines 15-34"}]},{"heading":"How the case got here","paragraphs":["The Supreme Court heard oral argument in this case on March 18, 2019."],"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 5, lines 8-16","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2018/18-281_0pl1.pdf","page_label":"file page 5, lines 8-16"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 71, lines 13-15","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2018/18-281_0pl1.pdf","page_label":"file page 71, lines 13-15"}]},{"heading":"What each side wants","paragraphs":["The House wants the Court to allow it to appeal the lower court decision.","The challengers want the Court to deny the House standing to sue."],"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 28, lines 22-32","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2018/18-281_0pl1.pdf","page_label":"file page 28, lines 22-32"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 39, lines 26-10","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2018/18-281_0pl1.pdf","page_label":"file page 39, lines 26-10"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 5, lines 17-26","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2018/18-281_0pl1.pdf","page_label":"file page 5, lines 17-26"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 51, lines 34-15","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2018/18-281_0pl1.pdf","page_label":"file page 51, lines 34-15"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 67, lines 15-34","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2018/18-281_0pl1.pdf","page_label":"file page 67, lines 15-34"}]},{"heading":"What each side says","paragraphs":["The House argues it is a sovereign entity harmed by the ruling.","The challengers argue only the state attorney general can represent Virginia in court."],"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 28, lines 22-32","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2018/18-281_0pl1.pdf","page_label":"file page 28, lines 22-32"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 39, lines 26-10","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2018/18-281_0pl1.pdf","page_label":"file page 39, lines 26-10"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 5, lines 17-26","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2018/18-281_0pl1.pdf","page_label":"file page 5, lines 17-26"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 51, lines 34-15","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2018/18-281_0pl1.pdf","page_label":"file page 51, lines 34-15"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 67, lines 15-34","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2018/18-281_0pl1.pdf","page_label":"file page 67, lines 15-34"}]},{"heading":"What the justices asked","paragraphs":["Justice Alito asked if Virginia law allows the House to represent the state.","Justice Sotomayor asked if the Court is removing the people's right to choose their representative."],"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 10, lines 10-11","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2018/18-281_0pl1.pdf","page_label":"file page 10, lines 10-11"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 10, lines 12-26","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2018/18-281_0pl1.pdf","page_label":"file page 10, lines 12-26"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 11, lines 22-27","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2018/18-281_0pl1.pdf","page_label":"file page 11, lines 22-27"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 12, lines 30-17","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2018/18-281_0pl1.pdf","page_label":"file page 12, lines 30-17"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 13, lines 31-15","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2018/18-281_0pl1.pdf","page_label":"file page 13, lines 31-15"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 14, lines 25-7","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2018/18-281_0pl1.pdf","page_label":"file page 14, lines 25-7"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 15, lines 10-13","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2018/18-281_0pl1.pdf","page_label":"file page 15, lines 10-13"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 15, lines 28-27","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2018/18-281_0pl1.pdf","page_label":"file page 15, lines 28-27"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 18, lines 23-25","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2018/18-281_0pl1.pdf","page_label":"file page 18, lines 23-25"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 18, lines 27-15","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2018/18-281_0pl1.pdf","page_label":"file page 18, lines 27-15"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 67, lines 36-11","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2018/18-281_0pl1.pdf","page_label":"file page 67, lines 36-11"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 68, lines 18-23","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2018/18-281_0pl1.pdf","page_label":"file page 68, lines 18-23"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 69, lines 12-16","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2018/18-281_0pl1.pdf","page_label":"file page 69, lines 12-16"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 7, lines 28-8","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2018/18-281_0pl1.pdf","page_label":"file page 7, lines 28-8"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 71, lines 13-15","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2018/18-281_0pl1.pdf","page_label":"file page 71, lines 13-15"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 9, lines 21-27","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2018/18-281_0pl1.pdf","page_label":"file page 9, lines 21-27"}]},{"heading":"Why it matters","paragraphs":["This case defines who can defend state legislative actions in federal court. It clarifies the power of state legislatures to act independently against their own executive branch."],"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 28, lines 22-32","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2018/18-281_0pl1.pdf","page_label":"file page 28, lines 22-32"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 39, lines 26-10","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2018/18-281_0pl1.pdf","page_label":"file page 39, lines 26-10"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 5, lines 17-26","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2018/18-281_0pl1.pdf","page_label":"file page 5, lines 17-26"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 51, lines 34-15","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2018/18-281_0pl1.pdf","page_label":"file page 51, lines 34-15"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 67, lines 15-34","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2018/18-281_0pl1.pdf","page_label":"file page 67, lines 15-34"}]},{"heading":"What happens next","paragraphs":["This article currently covers the argument record. Use the official docket link for later case activity."],"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 10, lines 10-11","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2018/18-281_0pl1.pdf","page_label":"file page 10, lines 10-11"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 10, lines 12-26","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2018/18-281_0pl1.pdf","page_label":"file page 10, lines 12-26"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 11, lines 22-27","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2018/18-281_0pl1.pdf","page_label":"file page 11, lines 22-27"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 12, lines 30-17","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2018/18-281_0pl1.pdf","page_label":"file page 12, lines 30-17"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 13, lines 31-15","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2018/18-281_0pl1.pdf","page_label":"file page 13, lines 31-15"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 14, lines 25-7","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2018/18-281_0pl1.pdf","page_label":"file page 14, lines 25-7"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 15, lines 10-13","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2018/18-281_0pl1.pdf","page_label":"file page 15, lines 10-13"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 15, lines 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