{"argument_date":"2019-02-27T00:00:00Z","arguments":[{"argument_date":"2019-02-27T00:00:00Z","heading":"What happened at the argument","official_detail_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcript/2018","official_transcript_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2018/17-1717_8n59.pdf","paragraphs":["Neal Katyal argued the cross should not be destroyed. He cited four facts about the memorial. He emphasized the historical context of the monument.","David Carvin argued the cross fits a sensible Establishment Clause analysis. He suggested using the Town of Greece coercion test. He claimed this approach protects religious liberty.","General Wall argued the cross is permissible under Town of Greece. He cited the nation's tradition of accommodating religious speech. He argued this resolves the case easily.","Ms. Miller argued the Establishment Clause prohibits preferring one religion. She focused on the core constitutional principle. She distinguished between endorsement and accommodation."],"reargument":false,"sequence":1,"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 10, lines 17-26","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2018/17-1717_8n59.pdf","page_label":"file page 10, lines 17-26"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 11, lines 18-27","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2018/17-1717_8n59.pdf","page_label":"file page 11, lines 18-27"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 11, lines 7-11","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2018/17-1717_8n59.pdf","page_label":"file page 11, lines 7-11"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 12, lines 27-30","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2018/17-1717_8n59.pdf","page_label":"file page 12, lines 27-30"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 12, lines 32-33","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2018/17-1717_8n59.pdf","page_label":"file page 12, lines 32-33"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 18, lines 21-7","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2018/17-1717_8n59.pdf","page_label":"file page 18, lines 21-7"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 34, lines 10-20","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2018/17-1717_8n59.pdf","page_label":"file page 34, lines 10-20"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 46, lines 12-21","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2018/17-1717_8n59.pdf","page_label":"file page 46, lines 12-21"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 5, lines 21-16","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2018/17-1717_8n59.pdf","page_label":"file page 5, lines 21-16"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 5, lines 8-20","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2018/17-1717_8n59.pdf","page_label":"file page 5, lines 8-20"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 6, lines 17-31","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2018/17-1717_8n59.pdf","page_label":"file page 6, lines 17-31"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 7, lines 13-15","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2018/17-1717_8n59.pdf","page_label":"file page 7, lines 13-15"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 7, lines 17-18","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2018/17-1717_8n59.pdf","page_label":"file page 7, lines 17-18"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 7, lines 23-25","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2018/17-1717_8n59.pdf","page_label":"file page 7, lines 23-25"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 70, lines 17-30","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2018/17-1717_8n59.pdf","page_label":"file page 70, lines 17-30"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 70, lines 31-36","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2018/17-1717_8n59.pdf","page_label":"file page 70, lines 31-36"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 71, lines 34-7","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2018/17-1717_8n59.pdf","page_label":"file page 71, lines 34-7"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 71, lines 6-8","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2018/17-1717_8n59.pdf","page_label":"file page 71, lines 6-8"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 72, lines 36-8","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2018/17-1717_8n59.pdf","page_label":"file page 72, lines 36-8"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 73, lines 18-33","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2018/17-1717_8n59.pdf","page_label":"file page 73, lines 18-33"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 74, lines 12-16","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2018/17-1717_8n59.pdf","page_label":"file page 74, lines 12-16"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 74, lines 18-22","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2018/17-1717_8n59.pdf","page_label":"file page 74, lines 18-22"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 75, lines 17-23","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2018/17-1717_8n59.pdf","page_label":"file page 75, lines 17-23"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 75, lines 33-34","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2018/17-1717_8n59.pdf","page_label":"file page 75, lines 33-34"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 76, lines 31-6","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2018/17-1717_8n59.pdf","page_label":"file page 76, lines 31-6"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 76, lines 6-6","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2018/17-1717_8n59.pdf","page_label":"file page 76, lines 6-6"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 77, lines 15-31","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2018/17-1717_8n59.pdf","page_label":"file page 77, lines 15-31"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 78, lines 18-18","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2018/17-1717_8n59.pdf","page_label":"file page 78, lines 18-18"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 8, lines 15-21","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2018/17-1717_8n59.pdf","page_label":"file page 8, lines 15-21"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 8, lines 27-36","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2018/17-1717_8n59.pdf","page_label":"file page 8, lines 27-36"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 9, lines 12-20","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2018/17-1717_8n59.pdf","page_label":"file page 9, lines 12-20"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 90, lines 8-21","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2018/17-1717_8n59.pdf","page_label":"file page 90, lines 8-21"}]}],"caption":"American Legion v. American Humanist Ass.","case_history":[{"changed_at":"2026-08-29T20:06:20.190207Z","explanation":"An official oral-argument transcript was verified.","status":"argued"},{"changed_at":"2026-08-29T20:06:20.200889Z","explanation":"An official oral-argument transcript was verified.","status":"argued"}],"case_status":"argued","dek":"The dispute centers on whether a government-owned Peace Cross memorial violates the constitutional ban on state-sponsored religion.","dek_sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 18, lines 21-7","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2018/17-1717_8n59.pdf","page_label":"file page 18, lines 21-7"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 34, lines 10-20","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2018/17-1717_8n59.pdf","page_label":"file page 34, lines 10-20"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 46, lines 12-21","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2018/17-1717_8n59.pdf","page_label":"file page 46, lines 12-21"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 5, lines 21-16","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2018/17-1717_8n59.pdf","page_label":"file page 5, lines 21-16"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 70, lines 31-36","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2018/17-1717_8n59.pdf","page_label":"file page 70, lines 31-36"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 90, lines 8-21","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2018/17-1717_8n59.pdf","page_label":"file page 90, lines 8-21"}],"dispositions":[],"latest_court_document_date":"2019-02-27T00:00:00Z","maturity":"official_transcript","official_detail_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcript/2018","official_disposition_urls":[],"official_docket_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/docket/docketfiles/html/public/17-1717.html","primary_docket":"17-1717","revisions":[{"correction_note":"Rewritten to the concise citizen-facing editorial standard.","created_at":"2026-08-31T19:29:38.874078Z","maturity":"official_transcript","revision_number":1},{"correction_note":"Migrated to the dated official Court activity contract without model use.","created_at":"2026-09-05T03:22:24Z","maturity":"official_transcript","revision_number":2}],"schema_version":"1.1","sections":[{"heading":"What this case is about","paragraphs":["The American Legion and the Maryland-National Capital Park and Planning Commission defend the Peace Cross. They argue the symbol honors fallen soldiers and fits within a long civic tradition. The American Humanist Association opposes the memorial. They argue the government cannot display a religious symbol in a public park."],"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 18, lines 21-7","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2018/17-1717_8n59.pdf","page_label":"file page 18, lines 21-7"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 34, lines 10-20","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2018/17-1717_8n59.pdf","page_label":"file page 34, lines 10-20"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 46, lines 12-21","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2018/17-1717_8n59.pdf","page_label":"file page 46, lines 12-21"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 5, lines 21-16","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2018/17-1717_8n59.pdf","page_label":"file page 5, lines 21-16"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 70, lines 31-36","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2018/17-1717_8n59.pdf","page_label":"file page 70, lines 31-36"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 90, lines 8-21","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2018/17-1717_8n59.pdf","page_label":"file page 90, lines 8-21"}]},{"heading":"How the case got here","paragraphs":["The Supreme Court heard oral argument in this case on February 27, 2019."],"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 5, lines 8-20","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2018/17-1717_8n59.pdf","page_label":"file page 5, lines 8-20"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 71, lines 6-8","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2018/17-1717_8n59.pdf","page_label":"file page 71, lines 6-8"}]},{"heading":"What each side wants","paragraphs":["The American Legion and the park commission want the Court to keep the Peace Cross standing in the public park.","The American Humanist Association wants the Court to remove the Peace Cross from the public park."],"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 18, lines 21-7","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2018/17-1717_8n59.pdf","page_label":"file page 18, lines 21-7"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 34, lines 10-20","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2018/17-1717_8n59.pdf","page_label":"file page 34, lines 10-20"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 46, lines 12-21","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2018/17-1717_8n59.pdf","page_label":"file page 46, lines 12-21"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 5, lines 21-16","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2018/17-1717_8n59.pdf","page_label":"file page 5, lines 21-16"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 70, lines 31-36","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2018/17-1717_8n59.pdf","page_label":"file page 70, lines 31-36"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 90, lines 8-21","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2018/17-1717_8n59.pdf","page_label":"file page 90, lines 8-21"}]},{"heading":"What each side says","paragraphs":["The American Legion argues the cross honors soldiers and fits a long civic tradition of religious symbols.","The American Humanist Association argues the government cannot display a religious symbol in a public space."],"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 18, lines 21-7","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2018/17-1717_8n59.pdf","page_label":"file page 18, lines 21-7"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 34, lines 10-20","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2018/17-1717_8n59.pdf","page_label":"file page 34, lines 10-20"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 46, lines 12-21","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2018/17-1717_8n59.pdf","page_label":"file page 46, lines 12-21"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 5, lines 21-16","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2018/17-1717_8n59.pdf","page_label":"file page 5, lines 21-16"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 70, lines 31-36","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2018/17-1717_8n59.pdf","page_label":"file page 70, lines 31-36"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 90, lines 8-21","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2018/17-1717_8n59.pdf","page_label":"file page 90, lines 8-21"}]},{"heading":"What the justices asked","paragraphs":["Justice Sotomayor asked if the cross honors only Christian soldiers.","Justice Ginsburg asked if the logic applies to memorials for mass shootings at schools."],"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 10, lines 17-26","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2018/17-1717_8n59.pdf","page_label":"file page 10, lines 17-26"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 11, lines 18-27","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2018/17-1717_8n59.pdf","page_label":"file page 11, lines 18-27"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 11, lines 7-11","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2018/17-1717_8n59.pdf","page_label":"file page 11, lines 7-11"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 12, lines 27-30","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2018/17-1717_8n59.pdf","page_label":"file page 12, lines 27-30"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 12, lines 32-33","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2018/17-1717_8n59.pdf","page_label":"file page 12, lines 32-33"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 6, lines 17-31","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2018/17-1717_8n59.pdf","page_label":"file page 6, lines 17-31"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 7, lines 13-15","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2018/17-1717_8n59.pdf","page_label":"file page 7, lines 13-15"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 7, lines 17-18","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2018/17-1717_8n59.pdf","page_label":"file page 7, lines 17-18"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 7, lines 23-25","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2018/17-1717_8n59.pdf","page_label":"file page 7, lines 23-25"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 70, lines 17-30","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2018/17-1717_8n59.pdf","page_label":"file page 70, lines 17-30"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 71, lines 34-7","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2018/17-1717_8n59.pdf","page_label":"file page 71, lines 34-7"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 72, lines 36-8","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2018/17-1717_8n59.pdf","page_label":"file page 72, lines 36-8"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 73, lines 18-33","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2018/17-1717_8n59.pdf","page_label":"file page 73, lines 18-33"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 74, lines 12-16","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2018/17-1717_8n59.pdf","page_label":"file page 74, lines 12-16"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 74, lines 18-22","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2018/17-1717_8n59.pdf","page_label":"file page 74, lines 18-22"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 75, lines 17-23","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2018/17-1717_8n59.pdf","page_label":"file page 75, lines 17-23"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 75, lines 33-34","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2018/17-1717_8n59.pdf","page_label":"file page 75, lines 33-34"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 76, lines 31-6","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2018/17-1717_8n59.pdf","page_label":"file page 76, lines 31-6"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 76, lines 6-6","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2018/17-1717_8n59.pdf","page_label":"file page 76, lines 6-6"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 77, lines 15-31","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2018/17-1717_8n59.pdf","page_label":"file page 77, lines 15-31"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 78, lines 18-18","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2018/17-1717_8n59.pdf","page_label":"file page 78, lines 18-18"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 8, lines 15-21","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2018/17-1717_8n59.pdf","page_label":"file page 8, lines 15-21"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 8, lines 27-36","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2018/17-1717_8n59.pdf","page_label":"file page 8, lines 27-36"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 9, lines 12-20","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2018/17-1717_8n59.pdf","page_label":"file page 9, lines 12-20"}]},{"heading":"Why it matters","paragraphs":["The outcome defines how the government treats religious symbols in public spaces. It sets the standard for future challenges to monuments. It balances religious expression against the ban on state endorsement of faith."],"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 18, lines 21-7","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2018/17-1717_8n59.pdf","page_label":"file page 18, lines 21-7"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 34, lines 10-20","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2018/17-1717_8n59.pdf","page_label":"file page 34, lines 10-20"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 46, lines 12-21","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2018/17-1717_8n59.pdf","page_label":"file page 46, lines 12-21"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 5, lines 21-16","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2018/17-1717_8n59.pdf","page_label":"file page 5, lines 21-16"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 70, lines 31-36","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2018/17-1717_8n59.pdf","page_label":"file page 70, lines 31-36"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 90, lines 8-21","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2018/17-1717_8n59.pdf","page_label":"file page 90, lines 8-21"}]},{"heading":"What happens next","paragraphs":["This article currently covers the argument record. Use the official docket link for later case activity."],"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 10, lines 17-26","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2018/17-1717_8n59.pdf","page_label":"file page 10, lines 17-26"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 11, lines 18-27","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2018/17-1717_8n59.pdf","page_label":"file page 11, lines 18-27"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 11, lines 7-11","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2018/17-1717_8n59.pdf","page_label":"file page 11, lines 7-11"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 12, lines 27-30","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2018/17-1717_8n59.pdf","page_label":"file page 12, lines 27-30"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 12, lines 32-33","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2018/17-1717_8n59.pdf","page_label":"file page 12, lines 32-33"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 5, lines 8-20","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2018/17-1717_8n59.pdf","page_label":"file page 5, lines 8-20"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 6, lines 17-31","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2018/17-1717_8n59.pdf","page_label":"file page 6, lines 17-31"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 7, lines 13-15","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2018/17-1717_8n59.pdf","page_label":"file page 7, lines 13-15"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 7, lines 17-18","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2018/17-1717_8n59.pdf","page_label":"file page 7, lines 17-18"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 7, lines 23-25","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2018/17-1717_8n59.pdf","page_label":"file page 7, lines 23-25"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 70, lines 17-30","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2018/17-1717_8n59.pdf","page_label":"file page 70, lines 17-30"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 71, lines 34-7","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2018/17-1717_8n59.pdf","page_label":"file page 71, lines 34-7"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 71, lines 6-8","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2018/17-1717_8n59.pdf","page_label":"file page 71, lines 6-8"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 72, lines 36-8","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2018/17-1717_8n59.pdf","page_label":"file page 72, lines 36-8"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 73, lines 18-33","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2018/17-1717_8n59.pdf","page_label":"file page 73, lines 18-33"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 74, lines 12-16","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2018/17-1717_8n59.pdf","page_label":"file page 74, lines 12-16"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 74, lines 18-22","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2018/17-1717_8n59.pdf","page_label":"file page 74, lines 18-22"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 75, lines 17-23","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2018/17-1717_8n59.pdf","page_label":"file page 75, lines 17-23"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 75, lines 33-34","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2018/17-1717_8n59.pdf","page_label":"file page 75, lines 33-34"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 76, lines 31-6","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2018/17-1717_8n59.pdf","page_label":"file page 76, lines 31-6"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 76, lines 6-6","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2018/17-1717_8n59.pdf","page_label":"file page 76, lines 6-6"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 77, lines 15-31","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2018/17-1717_8n59.pdf","page_label":"file page 77, lines 15-31"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 78, lines 18-18","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2018/17-1717_8n59.pdf","page_label":"file page 78, lines 18-18"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 8, lines 15-21","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2018/17-1717_8n59.pdf","page_label":"file page 8, lines 15-21"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 8, lines 27-36","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2018/17-1717_8n59.pdf","page_label":"file page 8, lines 27-36"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 9, lines 12-20","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2018/17-1717_8n59.pdf","page_label":"file page 9, lines 12-20"}]}],"slug":"2018-17-1717-american-legion-v-american-humanist-ass","term":"2018","title":"Does a Peace Cross violate the Establishment Clause?","title_sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 18, lines 21-7","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2018/17-1717_8n59.pdf","page_label":"file page 18, lines 21-7"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 34, lines 10-20","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2018/17-1717_8n59.pdf","page_label":"file page 34, lines 10-20"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 46, lines 12-21","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2018/17-1717_8n59.pdf","page_label":"file page 46, lines 12-21"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 5, lines 21-16","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2018/17-1717_8n59.pdf","page_label":"file page 5, lines 21-16"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 70, lines 31-36","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2018/17-1717_8n59.pdf","page_label":"file page 70, lines 31-36"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 90, lines 8-21","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2018/17-1717_8n59.pdf","page_label":"file page 90, lines 8-21"}],"topics":[],"undated_disposition_date_fallback":null,"updated_at":"2026-09-05T03:22:24Z"}