{"argument_date":"2018-11-26T00:00:00Z","arguments":[{"argument_date":"2018-11-26T00:00:00Z","heading":"What happened at the argument","official_detail_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcript/2018","official_transcript_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2018/17-1174_53k8.pdf","paragraphs":["the sides that brought the case cite common law rules protecting officers.","the opposing sides cite Lozman to reject absolute rules.","Justices probe the complexity of mixed-motive cases."],"reargument":false,"sequence":1,"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 10, lines 29-49","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2018/17-1174_53k8.pdf","page_label":"file page 10, lines 29-49"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 12, lines 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31-39","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2018/17-1174_53k8.pdf","page_label":"file page 6, lines 31-39"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 6, lines 43-45","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2018/17-1174_53k8.pdf","page_label":"file page 6, lines 43-45"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 65, lines 17-27","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2018/17-1174_53k8.pdf","page_label":"file page 65, lines 17-27"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 65, lines 29-37","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2018/17-1174_53k8.pdf","page_label":"file page 65, lines 29-37"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 65, lines 39-45","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2018/17-1174_53k8.pdf","page_label":"file page 65, lines 39-45"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 66, lines 41-43","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2018/17-1174_53k8.pdf","page_label":"file page 66, lines 41-43"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 67, lines 29-53","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2018/17-1174_53k8.pdf","page_label":"file page 67, lines 29-53"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 68, lines 55-7","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2018/17-1174_53k8.pdf","page_label":"file page 68, lines 55-7"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 7, lines 21-29","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2018/17-1174_53k8.pdf","page_label":"file page 7, lines 21-29"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 7, lines 39-43","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2018/17-1174_53k8.pdf","page_label":"file page 7, lines 39-43"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 8, lines 15-21","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2018/17-1174_53k8.pdf","page_label":"file page 8, lines 15-21"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 8, lines 55-37","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2018/17-1174_53k8.pdf","page_label":"file page 8, lines 55-37"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 8, lines 7-9","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2018/17-1174_53k8.pdf","page_label":"file page 8, lines 7-9"}]}],"caption":"Nieves v. Bartlett","case_history":[{"changed_at":"2026-08-29T20:06:20.335329Z","explanation":"An official oral-argument transcript was verified.","status":"argued"},{"changed_at":"2026-08-29T20:06:20.353982Z","explanation":"An official oral-argument transcript was verified.","status":"argued"}],"case_status":"argued","dek":"Police argue probable cause defeats First Amendment retaliation suits. Bartlett argues subjective intent controls.","dek_sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 22, lines 23-47","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2018/17-1174_53k8.pdf","page_label":"file page 22, lines 23-47"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 33, lines 55-45","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2018/17-1174_53k8.pdf","page_label":"file page 33, lines 55-45"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 4, lines 23-25","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2018/17-1174_53k8.pdf","page_label":"file page 4, lines 23-25"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 65, lines 29-37","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2018/17-1174_53k8.pdf","page_label":"file page 65, lines 29-37"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 67, lines 29-53","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2018/17-1174_53k8.pdf","page_label":"file page 67, lines 29-53"}],"dispositions":[],"latest_court_document_date":"2018-11-26T00:00:00Z","maturity":"official_transcript","official_detail_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcript/2018","official_disposition_urls":[],"official_docket_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/docket/docketfiles/html/public/17-1174.html","primary_docket":"17-1174","revisions":[{"correction_note":"Rewritten to the concise citizen-facing editorial standard.","created_at":"2026-08-30T18:07:37.647657Z","maturity":"official_transcript","revision_number":1},{"correction_note":"Migrated to the dated official Court activity contract without model use.","created_at":"2026-09-05T03:22:24Z","maturity":"official_transcript","revision_number":2}],"schema_version":"1.1","sections":[{"heading":"What this case is about","paragraphs":["This case tests whether probable cause shields officers from retaliatory arrest claims. the sides that brought the case seek a bright-line rule. the opposing sides demand subjective intent review."],"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 22, lines 23-47","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2018/17-1174_53k8.pdf","page_label":"file page 22, lines 23-47"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 33, lines 55-45","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2018/17-1174_53k8.pdf","page_label":"file page 33, lines 55-45"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 4, lines 23-25","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2018/17-1174_53k8.pdf","page_label":"file page 4, lines 23-25"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 65, lines 29-37","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2018/17-1174_53k8.pdf","page_label":"file page 65, lines 29-37"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 67, lines 29-53","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2018/17-1174_53k8.pdf","page_label":"file page 67, lines 29-53"}]},{"heading":"How the case got here","paragraphs":["The Supreme Court heard oral argument in this case on November 26, 2018."],"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 4, lines 11-21","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2018/17-1174_53k8.pdf","page_label":"file page 4, lines 11-21"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 68, lines 55-7","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2018/17-1174_53k8.pdf","page_label":"file page 68, lines 55-7"}]},{"heading":"What each side wants","paragraphs":["the sides that brought the case want probable cause to defeat retaliation claims.","the opposing sides want courts to examine officer intent."],"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 22, lines 23-47","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2018/17-1174_53k8.pdf","page_label":"file page 22, lines 23-47"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 33, lines 55-45","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2018/17-1174_53k8.pdf","page_label":"file page 33, lines 55-45"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 4, lines 23-25","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2018/17-1174_53k8.pdf","page_label":"file page 4, lines 23-25"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 65, lines 29-37","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2018/17-1174_53k8.pdf","page_label":"file page 65, lines 29-37"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 67, lines 29-53","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2018/17-1174_53k8.pdf","page_label":"file page 67, lines 29-53"}]},{"heading":"What each side says","paragraphs":["the sides that brought the case argue probable cause protects officers from liability.","the opposing sides argue objective rules fail to capture subjective animus."],"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 22, lines 23-47","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2018/17-1174_53k8.pdf","page_label":"file page 22, lines 23-47"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 33, lines 55-45","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2018/17-1174_53k8.pdf","page_label":"file page 33, lines 55-45"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 4, lines 23-25","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2018/17-1174_53k8.pdf","page_label":"file page 4, lines 23-25"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 65, lines 29-37","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2018/17-1174_53k8.pdf","page_label":"file page 65, lines 29-37"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 67, lines 29-53","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2018/17-1174_53k8.pdf","page_label":"file page 67, lines 29-53"}]},{"heading":"What the justices asked","paragraphs":["Justice Sotomayor asked why this case differs from racial discrimination.","Justice Sotomayor questioned how absent officers could harbor animus."],"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 10, lines 29-49","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2018/17-1174_53k8.pdf","page_label":"file page 10, lines 29-49"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 12, lines 25-9","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2018/17-1174_53k8.pdf","page_label":"file page 12, lines 25-9"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 14, lines 9-23","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2018/17-1174_53k8.pdf","page_label":"file page 14, lines 9-23"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 5, lines 27-39","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2018/17-1174_53k8.pdf","page_label":"file page 5, lines 27-39"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 5, lines 55-25","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2018/17-1174_53k8.pdf","page_label":"file page 5, lines 55-25"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 6, lines 31-39","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2018/17-1174_53k8.pdf","page_label":"file page 6, lines 31-39"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 6, lines 43-45","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2018/17-1174_53k8.pdf","page_label":"file page 6, lines 43-45"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 65, lines 17-27","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2018/17-1174_53k8.pdf","page_label":"file page 65, lines 17-27"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 65, lines 39-45","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2018/17-1174_53k8.pdf","page_label":"file page 65, lines 39-45"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 66, lines 41-43","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2018/17-1174_53k8.pdf","page_label":"file page 66, lines 41-43"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 68, lines 55-7","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2018/17-1174_53k8.pdf","page_label":"file page 68, lines 55-7"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 7, lines 21-29","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2018/17-1174_53k8.pdf","page_label":"file page 7, lines 21-29"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 7, lines 39-43","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2018/17-1174_53k8.pdf","page_label":"file page 7, lines 39-43"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 8, lines 15-21","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2018/17-1174_53k8.pdf","page_label":"file page 8, lines 15-21"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 8, lines 55-37","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2018/17-1174_53k8.pdf","page_label":"file page 8, lines 55-37"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 8, lines 7-9","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2018/17-1174_53k8.pdf","page_label":"file page 8, lines 7-9"}]},{"heading":"Why it matters","paragraphs":["This dispute defines police accountability for retaliatory arrests. It balances free speech protections against law enforcement discretion. The outcome shapes future civil rights litigation."],"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 22, lines 23-47","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2018/17-1174_53k8.pdf","page_label":"file page 22, lines 23-47"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 33, lines 55-45","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2018/17-1174_53k8.pdf","page_label":"file page 33, lines 55-45"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 4, lines 23-25","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2018/17-1174_53k8.pdf","page_label":"file page 4, lines 23-25"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 65, lines 29-37","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2018/17-1174_53k8.pdf","page_label":"file page 65, lines 29-37"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 67, lines 29-53","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2018/17-1174_53k8.pdf","page_label":"file page 67, lines 29-53"}]},{"heading":"What happens next","paragraphs":["This article currently covers the argument record. Use the official docket link for later case activity."],"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 10, lines 29-49","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2018/17-1174_53k8.pdf","page_label":"file page 10, lines 29-49"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 12, lines 25-9","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2018/17-1174_53k8.pdf","page_label":"file page 12, lines 25-9"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 14, lines 9-23","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2018/17-1174_53k8.pdf","page_label":"file page 14, lines 9-23"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 4, lines 11-21","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2018/17-1174_53k8.pdf","page_label":"file page 4, lines 11-21"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 5, lines 27-39","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2018/17-1174_53k8.pdf","page_label":"file page 5, lines 27-39"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 5, lines 55-25","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2018/17-1174_53k8.pdf","page_label":"file page 5, lines 55-25"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 6, lines 31-39","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2018/17-1174_53k8.pdf","page_label":"file page 6, lines 31-39"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 6, lines 43-45","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2018/17-1174_53k8.pdf","page_label":"file page 6, lines 43-45"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 65, lines 17-27","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2018/17-1174_53k8.pdf","page_label":"file page 65, lines 17-27"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 65, lines 39-45","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2018/17-1174_53k8.pdf","page_label":"file page 65, lines 39-45"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 66, lines 41-43","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2018/17-1174_53k8.pdf","page_label":"file page 66, lines 41-43"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 68, lines 55-7","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2018/17-1174_53k8.pdf","page_label":"file page 68, lines 55-7"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 7, lines 21-29","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2018/17-1174_53k8.pdf","page_label":"file page 7, lines 21-29"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 7, lines 39-43","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2018/17-1174_53k8.pdf","page_label":"file page 7, lines 39-43"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 8, lines 15-21","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2018/17-1174_53k8.pdf","page_label":"file page 8, lines 15-21"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 8, lines 55-37","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2018/17-1174_53k8.pdf","page_label":"file page 8, lines 55-37"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 8, lines 7-9","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2018/17-1174_53k8.pdf","page_label":"file page 8, lines 7-9"}]}],"slug":"2018-17-1174-nieves-v-bartlett","term":"2018","title":"Does probable cause bar retaliatory arrest claims?","title_sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 22, lines 23-47","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2018/17-1174_53k8.pdf","page_label":"file page 22, lines 23-47"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 33, lines 55-45","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2018/17-1174_53k8.pdf","page_label":"file page 33, lines 55-45"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 4, lines 23-25","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2018/17-1174_53k8.pdf","page_label":"file page 4, lines 23-25"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 65, lines 29-37","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2018/17-1174_53k8.pdf","page_label":"file page 65, lines 29-37"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 67, lines 29-53","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2018/17-1174_53k8.pdf","page_label":"file page 67, lines 29-53"}],"topics":[],"undated_disposition_date_fallback":null,"updated_at":"2026-09-05T03:22:24Z"}