{"argument_date":"2018-10-30T00:00:00Z","arguments":[{"argument_date":"2018-10-30T00:00:00Z","heading":"What happened at the argument","official_detail_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcript/2018","official_transcript_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2018/16-1498_7mio.pdf","paragraphs":["Washington's lawyer stated the tax applies to fuel, not travel.","Cougar Den's lawyer claimed the treaty secures the right to travel.","Justice Sotomayor questioned whether states can tax out-of-state fuel purchases.","Justice Kagan asked advocates to assume the treaty preempts general taxes."],"reargument":false,"sequence":1,"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 24, lines 13-15","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2018/16-1498_7mio.pdf","page_label":"file page 24, lines 13-15"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme 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24-26","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2018/16-1498_7mio.pdf","page_label":"file page 78, lines 24-26"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 8, lines 30-34","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2018/16-1498_7mio.pdf","page_label":"file page 8, lines 30-34"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 80, lines 10-11","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2018/16-1498_7mio.pdf","page_label":"file page 80, lines 10-11"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 9, lines 11-16","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2018/16-1498_7mio.pdf","page_label":"file page 9, lines 11-16"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 9, lines 5-9","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2018/16-1498_7mio.pdf","page_label":"file page 9, lines 5-9"}]}],"caption":"Washington State Dept. of Licensing v. Cougar Den, Inc.","case_history":[{"changed_at":"2026-08-29T20:06:20.463682Z","explanation":"An official oral-argument transcript was verified.","status":"argued"},{"changed_at":"2026-08-29T20:06:20.466490Z","explanation":"An official oral-argument transcript was verified.","status":"argued"}],"case_status":"argued","dek":"Cougar Den argues the treaty bars state fuel taxes. Washington claims the tax applies to all buyers.","dek_sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 24, lines 13-15","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2018/16-1498_7mio.pdf","page_label":"file page 24, lines 13-15"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 36, lines 28-15","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2018/16-1498_7mio.pdf","page_label":"file page 36, lines 28-15"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 4, lines 16-31","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2018/16-1498_7mio.pdf","page_label":"file page 4, lines 16-31"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 70, lines 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activity contract without model use.","created_at":"2026-09-05T03:22:24Z","maturity":"official_transcript","revision_number":2}],"schema_version":"1.1","sections":[{"heading":"What this case is about","paragraphs":["This case tests if a 1855 treaty blocks state fuel taxes on tribal members."],"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 24, lines 13-15","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2018/16-1498_7mio.pdf","page_label":"file page 24, lines 13-15"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 36, lines 28-15","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2018/16-1498_7mio.pdf","page_label":"file page 36, lines 28-15"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 4, lines 16-31","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2018/16-1498_7mio.pdf","page_label":"file page 4, lines 16-31"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 70, lines 9-24","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2018/16-1498_7mio.pdf","page_label":"file page 70, lines 9-24"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 75, lines 20-32","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2018/16-1498_7mio.pdf","page_label":"file page 75, lines 20-32"}]},{"heading":"How the case got here","paragraphs":["The Supreme Court heard oral argument in this case on October 30, 2018."],"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 4, lines 8-15","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2018/16-1498_7mio.pdf","page_label":"file page 4, lines 8-15"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 76, lines 28-31","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2018/16-1498_7mio.pdf","page_label":"file page 76, lines 28-31"}]},{"heading":"What each side wants","paragraphs":["Washington wants to collect fuel taxes from tribal members.","Cougar Den wants to avoid state fuel taxes under the treaty."],"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 24, lines 13-15","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2018/16-1498_7mio.pdf","page_label":"file page 24, lines 13-15"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 36, lines 28-15","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2018/16-1498_7mio.pdf","page_label":"file page 36, lines 28-15"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 4, lines 16-31","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2018/16-1498_7mio.pdf","page_label":"file page 4, lines 16-31"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 70, lines 9-24","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2018/16-1498_7mio.pdf","page_label":"file page 70, lines 9-24"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 75, lines 20-32","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2018/16-1498_7mio.pdf","page_label":"file page 75, lines 20-32"}]},{"heading":"What each side says","paragraphs":["Washington argues the tax targets fuel, not travel.","Cougar Den argues the treaty protects the right to travel."],"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 24, lines 13-15","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2018/16-1498_7mio.pdf","page_label":"file page 24, lines 13-15"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 36, lines 28-15","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2018/16-1498_7mio.pdf","page_label":"file page 36, lines 28-15"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 4, lines 16-31","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2018/16-1498_7mio.pdf","page_label":"file page 4, lines 16-31"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 70, lines 9-24","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2018/16-1498_7mio.pdf","page_label":"file page 70, lines 9-24"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 75, lines 20-32","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2018/16-1498_7mio.pdf","page_label":"file page 75, lines 20-32"}]},{"heading":"What the justices asked","paragraphs":["Justice Sotomayor asked if states can tax fuel bought out of state.","Justice Kagan asked if the treaty preempts general taxes."],"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 4, lines 35-6","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2018/16-1498_7mio.pdf","page_label":"file page 4, lines 35-6"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 5, lines 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6-10","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2018/16-1498_7mio.pdf","page_label":"file page 6, lines 6-10"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 69, lines 30-8","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2018/16-1498_7mio.pdf","page_label":"file page 69, lines 30-8"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 7, lines 11-21","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2018/16-1498_7mio.pdf","page_label":"file page 7, lines 11-21"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 7, lines 24-25","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2018/16-1498_7mio.pdf","page_label":"file page 7, lines 24-25"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 7, lines 29-30","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2018/16-1498_7mio.pdf","page_label":"file page 7, lines 29-30"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 70, lines 25-28","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2018/16-1498_7mio.pdf","page_label":"file page 70, lines 25-28"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 73, lines 9-15","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2018/16-1498_7mio.pdf","page_label":"file page 73, lines 9-15"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 74, lines 15-19","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2018/16-1498_7mio.pdf","page_label":"file page 74, lines 15-19"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 75, lines 6-9","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2018/16-1498_7mio.pdf","page_label":"file page 75, lines 6-9"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 76, lines 28-31","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2018/16-1498_7mio.pdf","page_label":"file page 76, lines 28-31"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 78, lines 24-26","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2018/16-1498_7mio.pdf","page_label":"file page 78, lines 24-26"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 8, lines 30-34","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2018/16-1498_7mio.pdf","page_label":"file page 8, lines 30-34"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 80, lines 10-11","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2018/16-1498_7mio.pdf","page_label":"file page 80, lines 10-11"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 9, lines 11-16","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2018/16-1498_7mio.pdf","page_label":"file page 9, lines 11-16"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 9, lines 5-9","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2018/16-1498_7mio.pdf","page_label":"file page 9, lines 5-9"}]},{"heading":"Why it matters","paragraphs":["This dispute defines the boundary between state tax power and tribal sovereignty."],"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 24, lines 13-15","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2018/16-1498_7mio.pdf","page_label":"file page 24, lines 13-15"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 36, lines 28-15","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2018/16-1498_7mio.pdf","page_label":"file page 36, lines 28-15"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 4, lines 16-31","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2018/16-1498_7mio.pdf","page_label":"file page 4, lines 16-31"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 70, lines 9-24","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2018/16-1498_7mio.pdf","page_label":"file page 70, lines 9-24"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 75, lines 20-32","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2018/16-1498_7mio.pdf","page_label":"file page 75, lines 20-32"}]},{"heading":"What happens next","paragraphs":["This article currently covers the argument record. Use the official docket link for later case activity."],"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 4, lines 35-6","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2018/16-1498_7mio.pdf","page_label":"file page 4, lines 35-6"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 4, lines 8-15","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2018/16-1498_7mio.pdf","page_label":"file page 4, lines 8-15"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 5, lines 24-31","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2018/16-1498_7mio.pdf","page_label":"file page 5, lines 24-31"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 5, lines 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