{"argument_date":"2018-11-07T00:00:00Z","arguments":[{"argument_date":"2018-11-07T00:00:00Z","heading":"What happened at the argument","official_detail_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcript/2018","official_transcript_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2018/16-1094_5h26.pdf","paragraphs":["Sudan's lawyer argued the treaty bans mail service.","Victims' lawyer argued the treaty allows mail service.","justice_question"],"reargument":false,"sequence":1,"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 10, lines 14-24","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2018/16-1094_5h26.pdf","page_label":"file page 10, lines 14-24"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 10, lines 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32-54","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2018/16-1094_5h26.pdf","page_label":"file page 8, lines 32-54"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 9, lines 34-38","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2018/16-1094_5h26.pdf","page_label":"file page 9, lines 34-38"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 9, lines 54-8","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2018/16-1094_5h26.pdf","page_label":"file page 9, lines 54-8"}]}],"caption":"Republic of Sudan v. Harrison","case_history":[{"changed_at":"2026-08-29T20:06:20.583075Z","explanation":"An official oral-argument transcript was verified.","status":"argued"},{"changed_at":"2026-08-29T20:06:20.604151Z","explanation":"An official oral-argument transcript was verified.","status":"argued"}],"case_status":"argued","dek":"Sudan argues the treaty bans mail service. Victims claim the treaty allows it.","dek_sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 23, lines 28-24","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2018/16-1094_5h26.pdf","page_label":"file page 23, lines 28-24"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 35, lines 22-18","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2018/16-1094_5h26.pdf","page_label":"file page 35, lines 22-18"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 4, lines 24-8","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2018/16-1094_5h26.pdf","page_label":"file page 4, lines 24-8"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 65, lines 18-10","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2018/16-1094_5h26.pdf","page_label":"file page 65, lines 18-10"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 67, lines 40-48","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2018/16-1094_5h26.pdf","page_label":"file page 67, lines 40-48"}],"dispositions":[],"latest_court_document_date":"2018-11-07T00:00:00Z","maturity":"official_transcript","official_detail_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcript/2018","official_disposition_urls":[],"official_docket_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/docket/docketfiles/html/public/16-1094.html","primary_docket":"16-1094","revisions":[{"correction_note":"Rewritten to the concise citizen-facing editorial standard.","created_at":"2026-08-30T18:08:14.127087Z","maturity":"official_transcript","revision_number":1},{"correction_note":"Migrated to the dated official Court activity contract without model use.","created_at":"2026-09-05T03:22:24Z","maturity":"official_transcript","revision_number":2}],"schema_version":"1.1","sections":[{"heading":"What this case is about","paragraphs":["The case tests if the Vienna Convention permits serving a foreign state by mail. Sudan says the treaty bans this method. Victims say the treaty allows it. The Court must interpret the treaty text."],"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 23, lines 28-24","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2018/16-1094_5h26.pdf","page_label":"file page 23, lines 28-24"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 35, lines 22-18","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2018/16-1094_5h26.pdf","page_label":"file page 35, lines 22-18"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 4, lines 24-8","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2018/16-1094_5h26.pdf","page_label":"file page 4, lines 24-8"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 65, lines 18-10","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2018/16-1094_5h26.pdf","page_label":"file page 65, lines 18-10"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 67, lines 40-48","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2018/16-1094_5h26.pdf","page_label":"file page 67, lines 40-48"}]},{"heading":"How the case got here","paragraphs":["The Supreme Court heard oral argument in this case on November 7, 2018."],"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 4, lines 12-22","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2018/16-1094_5h26.pdf","page_label":"file page 4, lines 12-22"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 66, lines 12-22","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2018/16-1094_5h26.pdf","page_label":"file page 66, lines 12-22"}]},{"heading":"What each side wants","paragraphs":["Sudan wants to reverse the $300 million judgment.","Victims want to keep the $300 million judgment."],"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 23, lines 28-24","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2018/16-1094_5h26.pdf","page_label":"file page 23, lines 28-24"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 35, lines 22-18","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2018/16-1094_5h26.pdf","page_label":"file page 35, lines 22-18"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 4, lines 24-8","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2018/16-1094_5h26.pdf","page_label":"file page 4, lines 24-8"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 65, lines 18-10","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2018/16-1094_5h26.pdf","page_label":"file page 65, lines 18-10"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 67, lines 40-48","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2018/16-1094_5h26.pdf","page_label":"file page 67, lines 40-48"}]},{"heading":"What each side says","paragraphs":["Sudan argues the Vienna Convention bans service by mail.","Victims argue the Vienna Convention allows service by mail."],"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 23, lines 28-24","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2018/16-1094_5h26.pdf","page_label":"file page 23, lines 28-24"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 35, lines 22-18","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2018/16-1094_5h26.pdf","page_label":"file page 35, lines 22-18"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 4, lines 24-8","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2018/16-1094_5h26.pdf","page_label":"file page 4, lines 24-8"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 65, lines 18-10","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2018/16-1094_5h26.pdf","page_label":"file page 65, lines 18-10"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 67, lines 40-48","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2018/16-1094_5h26.pdf","page_label":"file page 67, lines 40-48"}]},{"heading":"What the justices asked","paragraphs":["Justice Kagan asked if the statute requires delivery to an office.","Justice Sotomayor asked about ministers not sitting in capitals."],"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 10, lines 14-24","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2018/16-1094_5h26.pdf","page_label":"file page 10, lines 14-24"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 10, lines 34-50","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2018/16-1094_5h26.pdf","page_label":"file page 10, lines 34-50"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 11, lines 30-30","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2018/16-1094_5h26.pdf","page_label":"file page 11, lines 30-30"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 11, lines 38-40","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2018/16-1094_5h26.pdf","page_label":"file page 11, lines 38-40"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 12, lines 16-32","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2018/16-1094_5h26.pdf","page_label":"file page 12, lines 16-32"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 5, lines 10-30","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2018/16-1094_5h26.pdf","page_label":"file page 5, lines 10-30"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 5, lines 54-10","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2018/16-1094_5h26.pdf","page_label":"file page 5, lines 54-10"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 6, lines 16-20","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2018/16-1094_5h26.pdf","page_label":"file page 6, lines 16-20"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 6, lines 54-20","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2018/16-1094_5h26.pdf","page_label":"file page 6, lines 54-20"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 64, lines 56-16","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2018/16-1094_5h26.pdf","page_label":"file page 64, lines 56-16"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 66, lines 12-22","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2018/16-1094_5h26.pdf","page_label":"file page 66, lines 12-22"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 67, lines 50-1","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2018/16-1094_5h26.pdf","page_label":"file page 67, lines 50-1"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 68, lines 10-14","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2018/16-1094_5h26.pdf","page_label":"file page 68, lines 10-14"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 68, lines 38-42","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2018/16-1094_5h26.pdf","page_label":"file page 68, lines 38-42"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 68, lines 46-50","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2018/16-1094_5h26.pdf","page_label":"file page 68, lines 46-50"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 69, lines 12-16","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2018/16-1094_5h26.pdf","page_label":"file page 69, lines 12-16"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 69, lines 24-32","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2018/16-1094_5h26.pdf","page_label":"file page 69, lines 24-32"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 69, lines 36-40","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2018/16-1094_5h26.pdf","page_label":"file page 69, lines 36-40"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 70, lines 8-10","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2018/16-1094_5h26.pdf","page_label":"file page 70, lines 8-10"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 8, lines 32-54","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2018/16-1094_5h26.pdf","page_label":"file page 8, lines 32-54"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 9, lines 34-38","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2018/16-1094_5h26.pdf","page_label":"file page 9, lines 34-38"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 9, lines 54-8","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2018/16-1094_5h26.pdf","page_label":"file page 9, lines 54-8"}]},{"heading":"Why it matters","paragraphs":["This case defines how nations receive legal papers. It affects international litigation costs. It shapes diplomatic relations between states."],"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 23, lines 28-24","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2018/16-1094_5h26.pdf","page_label":"file page 23, lines 28-24"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 35, lines 22-18","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2018/16-1094_5h26.pdf","page_label":"file page 35, lines 22-18"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 4, lines 24-8","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2018/16-1094_5h26.pdf","page_label":"file page 4, lines 24-8"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 65, lines 18-10","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2018/16-1094_5h26.pdf","page_label":"file page 65, lines 18-10"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 67, lines 40-48","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2018/16-1094_5h26.pdf","page_label":"file page 67, lines 40-48"}]},{"heading":"What happens next","paragraphs":["This article currently covers the argument record. Use the official docket link for later case activity."],"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 10, lines 14-24","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2018/16-1094_5h26.pdf","page_label":"file page 10, lines 14-24"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 10, lines 34-50","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2018/16-1094_5h26.pdf","page_label":"file page 10, lines 34-50"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 11, lines 30-30","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2018/16-1094_5h26.pdf","page_label":"file page 11, lines 30-30"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 11, lines 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