{"argument_date":"2017-03-28T00:00:00Z","arguments":[{"argument_date":"2017-03-28T00:00:00Z","heading":"What happened at the argument","official_detail_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcript/2016","official_transcript_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2016/16-327_d18e.pdf","paragraphs":["Lee's lawyer argued competent counsel would have avoided removal.","The government argued Lee accepted the plea despite the risk.","Justices debated whether the test for prejudice is subjective."],"reargument":false,"sequence":1,"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 3, lines 18-38","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2016/16-327_d18e.pdf","page_label":"file page 3, lines 18-38"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 3, lines 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40-42","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2016/16-327_d18e.pdf","page_label":"file page 4, lines 40-42"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 4, lines 46-20","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2016/16-327_d18e.pdf","page_label":"file page 4, lines 46-20"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 5, lines 30-34","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2016/16-327_d18e.pdf","page_label":"file page 5, lines 30-34"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 5, lines 40-50","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2016/16-327_d18e.pdf","page_label":"file page 5, lines 40-50"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 59, lines 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30-32","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2016/16-327_d18e.pdf","page_label":"file page 60, lines 30-32"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 60, lines 8-10","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2016/16-327_d18e.pdf","page_label":"file page 60, lines 8-10"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 61, lines 22-30","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2016/16-327_d18e.pdf","page_label":"file page 61, lines 22-30"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 61, lines 44-48","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2016/16-327_d18e.pdf","page_label":"file page 61, lines 44-48"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 61, lines 8-12","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2016/16-327_d18e.pdf","page_label":"file page 61, lines 8-12"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 62, lines 12-18","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2016/16-327_d18e.pdf","page_label":"file page 62, lines 12-18"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 62, lines 22-24","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2016/16-327_d18e.pdf","page_label":"file page 62, lines 22-24"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 63, lines 4-8","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2016/16-327_d18e.pdf","page_label":"file page 63, lines 4-8"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 64, lines 10-18","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2016/16-327_d18e.pdf","page_label":"file page 64, lines 10-18"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 65, lines 16-18","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2016/16-327_d18e.pdf","page_label":"file page 65, lines 16-18"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 7, lines 10-10","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2016/16-327_d18e.pdf","page_label":"file page 7, lines 10-10"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 7, lines 12-38","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2016/16-327_d18e.pdf","page_label":"file page 7, lines 12-38"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 7, lines 52-22","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2016/16-327_d18e.pdf","page_label":"file page 7, lines 52-22"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 8, lines 52-4","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2016/16-327_d18e.pdf","page_label":"file page 8, lines 52-4"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 9, lines 22-10","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2016/16-327_d18e.pdf","page_label":"file page 9, lines 22-10"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 9, lines 8-18","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2016/16-327_d18e.pdf","page_label":"file page 9, lines 8-18"}]}],"caption":"Lee v. United States","case_history":[{"changed_at":"2026-08-29T20:06:21.727147Z","explanation":"An official oral-argument transcript was verified.","status":"argued"},{"changed_at":"2026-08-29T20:06:21.756109Z","explanation":"An official oral-argument transcript was verified.","status":"argued"}],"case_status":"argued","dek":"Jae Lee claims his lawyer wrongly told him a plea would not trigger deportation. The government argues he must prove he would have gone to trial.","dek_sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 3, lines 18-38","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2016/16-327_d18e.pdf","page_label":"file page 3, lines 18-38"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 33, lines 18-50","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2016/16-327_d18e.pdf","page_label":"file page 33, lines 18-50"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 5, lines 30-34","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2016/16-327_d18e.pdf","page_label":"file page 5, lines 30-34"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 59, lines 22-26","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2016/16-327_d18e.pdf","page_label":"file page 59, lines 22-26"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 63, lines 4-8","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2016/16-327_d18e.pdf","page_label":"file page 63, lines 4-8"}],"dispositions":[],"latest_court_document_date":"2017-03-28T00:00:00Z","maturity":"official_transcript","official_detail_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcript/2016","official_disposition_urls":[],"official_docket_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/docket/docketfiles/html/public/16-327.html","primary_docket":"16-327","revisions":[{"correction_note":"Rewritten to the concise citizen-facing editorial standard.","created_at":"2026-08-30T18:40:48.386552Z","maturity":"official_transcript","revision_number":1},{"correction_note":"Migrated to the dated official Court activity contract without model use.","created_at":"2026-09-05T03:22:24Z","maturity":"official_transcript","revision_number":2}],"schema_version":"1.1","sections":[{"heading":"What this case is about","paragraphs":["Jae Lee accepted a plea deal based on his lawyer's advice. He claims this advice was wrong and caused his removal. The government disputes the standard for proving this error."],"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 3, lines 18-38","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2016/16-327_d18e.pdf","page_label":"file page 3, lines 18-38"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 33, lines 18-50","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2016/16-327_d18e.pdf","page_label":"file page 33, lines 18-50"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 5, lines 30-34","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2016/16-327_d18e.pdf","page_label":"file page 5, lines 30-34"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 59, lines 22-26","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2016/16-327_d18e.pdf","page_label":"file page 59, lines 22-26"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 63, lines 4-8","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2016/16-327_d18e.pdf","page_label":"file page 63, lines 4-8"}]},{"heading":"How the case got here","paragraphs":["The Supreme Court heard oral argument in this case on March 28, 2017."],"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 3, lines 8-16","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2016/16-327_d18e.pdf","page_label":"file page 3, lines 8-16"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 61, lines 22-30","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2016/16-327_d18e.pdf","page_label":"file page 61, lines 22-30"}]},{"heading":"What each side wants","paragraphs":["Lee wants a new trial or a different plea deal.","The government wants to keep the conviction and removal."],"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 3, lines 18-38","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2016/16-327_d18e.pdf","page_label":"file page 3, lines 18-38"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 33, lines 18-50","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2016/16-327_d18e.pdf","page_label":"file page 33, lines 18-50"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 5, lines 30-34","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2016/16-327_d18e.pdf","page_label":"file page 5, lines 30-34"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 59, lines 22-26","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2016/16-327_d18e.pdf","page_label":"file page 59, lines 22-26"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 63, lines 4-8","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2016/16-327_d18e.pdf","page_label":"file page 63, lines 4-8"}]},{"heading":"What each side says","paragraphs":["Lee argues his lawyer's error forced a bad outcome.","The government argues Lee must prove he would have rejected the plea."],"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 3, lines 18-38","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2016/16-327_d18e.pdf","page_label":"file page 3, lines 18-38"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 33, lines 18-50","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2016/16-327_d18e.pdf","page_label":"file page 33, lines 18-50"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 5, lines 30-34","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2016/16-327_d18e.pdf","page_label":"file page 5, lines 30-34"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 59, lines 22-26","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2016/16-327_d18e.pdf","page_label":"file page 59, lines 22-26"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 63, lines 4-8","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2016/16-327_d18e.pdf","page_label":"file page 63, lines 4-8"}]},{"heading":"What the justices asked","paragraphs":["Justice Roberts asked if the test is subjective.","Justice Kennedy asked if lawyers must advise on deportation risks."],"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 3, lines 40-48","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2016/16-327_d18e.pdf","page_label":"file page 3, lines 40-48"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 4, lines 4-10","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2016/16-327_d18e.pdf","page_label":"file page 4, lines 4-10"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 4, lines 40-42","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2016/16-327_d18e.pdf","page_label":"file page 4, lines 40-42"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 4, lines 46-20","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2016/16-327_d18e.pdf","page_label":"file page 4, lines 46-20"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 5, lines 40-50","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2016/16-327_d18e.pdf","page_label":"file page 5, lines 40-50"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 59, lines 28-30","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2016/16-327_d18e.pdf","page_label":"file page 59, lines 28-30"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 6, lines 30-34","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2016/16-327_d18e.pdf","page_label":"file page 6, lines 30-34"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 60, lines 14-22","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2016/16-327_d18e.pdf","page_label":"file page 60, lines 14-22"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 60, lines 30-32","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2016/16-327_d18e.pdf","page_label":"file page 60, lines 30-32"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 60, lines 8-10","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2016/16-327_d18e.pdf","page_label":"file page 60, lines 8-10"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 61, lines 22-30","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2016/16-327_d18e.pdf","page_label":"file page 61, lines 22-30"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 61, lines 44-48","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2016/16-327_d18e.pdf","page_label":"file page 61, lines 44-48"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 61, lines 8-12","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2016/16-327_d18e.pdf","page_label":"file page 61, lines 8-12"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 62, lines 12-18","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2016/16-327_d18e.pdf","page_label":"file page 62, lines 12-18"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 62, lines 22-24","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2016/16-327_d18e.pdf","page_label":"file page 62, lines 22-24"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 64, lines 10-18","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2016/16-327_d18e.pdf","page_label":"file page 64, lines 10-18"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 65, lines 16-18","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2016/16-327_d18e.pdf","page_label":"file page 65, lines 16-18"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 7, lines 10-10","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2016/16-327_d18e.pdf","page_label":"file page 7, lines 10-10"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 7, lines 12-38","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2016/16-327_d18e.pdf","page_label":"file page 7, lines 12-38"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 7, lines 52-22","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2016/16-327_d18e.pdf","page_label":"file page 7, lines 52-22"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 8, lines 52-4","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2016/16-327_d18e.pdf","page_label":"file page 8, lines 52-4"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 9, lines 22-10","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2016/16-327_d18e.pdf","page_label":"file page 9, lines 22-10"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 9, lines 8-18","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2016/16-327_d18e.pdf","page_label":"file page 9, lines 8-18"}]},{"heading":"Why it matters","paragraphs":["This case defines how courts judge lawyer errors in plea deals. It affects how defendants weigh immigration risks before pleading guilty. It sets the standard for proving prejudice in these claims."],"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 3, lines 18-38","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2016/16-327_d18e.pdf","page_label":"file page 3, lines 18-38"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 33, lines 18-50","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2016/16-327_d18e.pdf","page_label":"file page 33, lines 18-50"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 5, lines 30-34","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2016/16-327_d18e.pdf","page_label":"file page 5, lines 30-34"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 59, lines 22-26","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2016/16-327_d18e.pdf","page_label":"file page 59, lines 22-26"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 63, lines 4-8","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2016/16-327_d18e.pdf","page_label":"file page 63, lines 4-8"}]},{"heading":"What happens next","paragraphs":["This article currently covers the argument record. Use the official docket link for later case activity."],"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 3, lines 40-48","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2016/16-327_d18e.pdf","page_label":"file page 3, lines 40-48"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 3, lines 8-16","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2016/16-327_d18e.pdf","page_label":"file page 3, lines 8-16"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 4, lines 4-10","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2016/16-327_d18e.pdf","page_label":"file page 4, lines 4-10"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 4, lines 40-42","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2016/16-327_d18e.pdf","page_label":"file page 4, lines 40-42"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 4, lines 46-20","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2016/16-327_d18e.pdf","page_label":"file page 4, lines 46-20"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 5, lines 40-50","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2016/16-327_d18e.pdf","page_label":"file page 5, lines 40-50"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 59, lines 28-30","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2016/16-327_d18e.pdf","page_label":"file page 59, lines 28-30"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 6, lines 30-34","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2016/16-327_d18e.pdf","page_label":"file page 6, lines 30-34"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 60, lines 14-22","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2016/16-327_d18e.pdf","page_label":"file page 60, lines 14-22"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 60, lines 30-32","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2016/16-327_d18e.pdf","page_label":"file page 60, lines 30-32"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 60, lines 8-10","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2016/16-327_d18e.pdf","page_label":"file page 60, lines 8-10"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 61, lines 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