{"argument_date":"2017-04-19T00:00:00Z","arguments":[{"argument_date":"2017-04-19T00:00:00Z","heading":"What happened at the argument","official_detail_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcript/2016","official_transcript_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2016/16-240_nkp1.pdf","paragraphs":["the side that brought the case's counsel argued that structural errors create fundamental unfairness in trials.","the opposing side's counsel argued that ineffective assistance claims require individualized prejudice proof.","the side that brought the case's counsel stated that a closed empanelment requires the process to restart."],"reargument":false,"sequence":1,"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 10, lines 12-16","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2016/16-240_nkp1.pdf","page_label":"file page 10, lines 12-16"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 11, lines 44-10","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2016/16-240_nkp1.pdf","page_label":"file page 11, lines 44-10"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 26, lines 38-12","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2016/16-240_nkp1.pdf","page_label":"file page 26, lines 38-12"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 3, lines 18-4","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2016/16-240_nkp1.pdf","page_label":"file page 3, lines 18-4"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 3, lines 8-16","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2016/16-240_nkp1.pdf","page_label":"file page 3, lines 8-16"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 4, lines 6-28","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2016/16-240_nkp1.pdf","page_label":"file page 4, lines 6-28"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 42, lines 10-30","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2016/16-240_nkp1.pdf","page_label":"file page 42, lines 10-30"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 5, lines 26-42","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2016/16-240_nkp1.pdf","page_label":"file page 5, lines 26-42"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 54, lines 38-6","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2016/16-240_nkp1.pdf","page_label":"file page 54, lines 38-6"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 55, lines 34-36","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2016/16-240_nkp1.pdf","page_label":"file page 55, lines 34-36"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 55, lines 8-28","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2016/16-240_nkp1.pdf","page_label":"file page 55, lines 8-28"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 56, lines 30-38","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2016/16-240_nkp1.pdf","page_label":"file page 56, lines 30-38"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 56, lines 4-10","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2016/16-240_nkp1.pdf","page_label":"file page 56, lines 4-10"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 57, lines 44-46","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2016/16-240_nkp1.pdf","page_label":"file page 57, lines 44-46"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 57, lines 8-14","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2016/16-240_nkp1.pdf","page_label":"file page 57, lines 8-14"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 6, lines 32-40","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2016/16-240_nkp1.pdf","page_label":"file page 6, lines 32-40"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 6, lines 4-16","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2016/16-240_nkp1.pdf","page_label":"file page 6, lines 4-16"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 7, lines 18-24","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2016/16-240_nkp1.pdf","page_label":"file page 7, lines 18-24"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 7, lines 38-48","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2016/16-240_nkp1.pdf","page_label":"file page 7, lines 38-48"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 7, lines 4-10","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2016/16-240_nkp1.pdf","page_label":"file page 7, lines 4-10"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 8, lines 12-18","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2016/16-240_nkp1.pdf","page_label":"file page 8, lines 12-18"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 9, lines 16-32","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2016/16-240_nkp1.pdf","page_label":"file page 9, lines 16-32"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 9, lines 44-48","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2016/16-240_nkp1.pdf","page_label":"file page 9, lines 44-48"}]}],"caption":"Weaver v. Massachusetts","case_history":[{"changed_at":"2026-08-29T20:06:21.521881Z","explanation":"An official oral-argument transcript was verified.","status":"argued"},{"changed_at":"2026-08-29T20:06:21.549231Z","explanation":"An official oral-argument transcript was verified.","status":"argued"}],"case_status":"argued","dek":"the side that brought the case seeks automatic reversal for a closed jury selection. the opposing side argues the error requires a specific prejudice showing.","dek_sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 26, lines 38-12","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2016/16-240_nkp1.pdf","page_label":"file page 26, lines 38-12"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 3, lines 18-4","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2016/16-240_nkp1.pdf","page_label":"file page 3, lines 18-4"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 42, lines 10-30","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2016/16-240_nkp1.pdf","page_label":"file page 42, lines 10-30"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 54, lines 38-6","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2016/16-240_nkp1.pdf","page_label":"file page 54, lines 38-6"}],"dispositions":[],"latest_court_document_date":"2017-04-19T00:00:00Z","maturity":"official_transcript","official_detail_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcript/2016","official_disposition_urls":[],"official_docket_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/docket/docketfiles/html/public/16-240.html","primary_docket":"16-240","revisions":[{"correction_note":"Rewritten to the concise citizen-facing editorial standard.","created_at":"2026-08-30T18:38:13.664771Z","maturity":"official_transcript","revision_number":1},{"correction_note":"Migrated to the dated official Court activity contract without model use.","created_at":"2026-09-05T03:22:24Z","maturity":"official_transcript","revision_number":2}],"schema_version":"1.1","sections":[{"heading":"What this case is about","paragraphs":["The case tests whether a closed jury selection is a structural error. the side that brought the case claims this error voids the trial automatically. the opposing side argues the error requires proof of specific harm."],"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 26, lines 38-12","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2016/16-240_nkp1.pdf","page_label":"file page 26, lines 38-12"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 3, lines 18-4","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2016/16-240_nkp1.pdf","page_label":"file page 3, lines 18-4"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 42, lines 10-30","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2016/16-240_nkp1.pdf","page_label":"file page 42, lines 10-30"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 54, lines 38-6","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2016/16-240_nkp1.pdf","page_label":"file page 54, lines 38-6"}]},{"heading":"How the case got here","paragraphs":["The Supreme Court heard oral argument in this case on April 19, 2017."],"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 3, lines 8-16","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2016/16-240_nkp1.pdf","page_label":"file page 3, lines 8-16"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 56, lines 30-38","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2016/16-240_nkp1.pdf","page_label":"file page 56, lines 30-38"}]},{"heading":"What each side wants","paragraphs":["the side that brought the case wants an automatic new trial without proving specific harm.","the opposing side wants the court to require proof of specific prejudice."],"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 26, lines 38-12","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2016/16-240_nkp1.pdf","page_label":"file page 26, lines 38-12"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 3, lines 18-4","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2016/16-240_nkp1.pdf","page_label":"file page 3, lines 18-4"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 42, lines 10-30","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2016/16-240_nkp1.pdf","page_label":"file page 42, lines 10-30"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 54, lines 38-6","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2016/16-240_nkp1.pdf","page_label":"file page 54, lines 38-6"}]},{"heading":"What each side says","paragraphs":["the side that brought the case argues a closed selection is a structural error that voids the trial.","the opposing side argues the error requires proof that it affected the outcome."],"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 26, lines 38-12","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2016/16-240_nkp1.pdf","page_label":"file page 26, lines 38-12"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 3, lines 18-4","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2016/16-240_nkp1.pdf","page_label":"file page 3, lines 18-4"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 42, lines 10-30","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2016/16-240_nkp1.pdf","page_label":"file page 42, lines 10-30"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 54, lines 38-6","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2016/16-240_nkp1.pdf","page_label":"file page 54, lines 38-6"}]},{"heading":"What the justices asked","paragraphs":["Chief Justice Roberts asked if the error was the judge's failure to reserve seats.","Justice Alito asked if closing a courtroom can affect the trial outcome."],"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 10, lines 12-16","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2016/16-240_nkp1.pdf","page_label":"file page 10, lines 12-16"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 11, lines 44-10","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2016/16-240_nkp1.pdf","page_label":"file page 11, lines 44-10"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 4, lines 6-28","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2016/16-240_nkp1.pdf","page_label":"file page 4, lines 6-28"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 5, lines 26-42","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2016/16-240_nkp1.pdf","page_label":"file page 5, lines 26-42"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 55, lines 34-36","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2016/16-240_nkp1.pdf","page_label":"file page 55, lines 34-36"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 55, lines 8-28","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2016/16-240_nkp1.pdf","page_label":"file page 55, lines 8-28"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 56, lines 4-10","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2016/16-240_nkp1.pdf","page_label":"file page 56, lines 4-10"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 57, lines 44-46","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2016/16-240_nkp1.pdf","page_label":"file page 57, lines 44-46"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 57, lines 8-14","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2016/16-240_nkp1.pdf","page_label":"file page 57, lines 8-14"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 6, lines 32-40","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2016/16-240_nkp1.pdf","page_label":"file page 6, lines 32-40"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 6, lines 4-16","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2016/16-240_nkp1.pdf","page_label":"file page 6, lines 4-16"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 7, lines 18-24","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2016/16-240_nkp1.pdf","page_label":"file page 7, lines 18-24"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 7, lines 38-48","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2016/16-240_nkp1.pdf","page_label":"file page 7, lines 38-48"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 7, lines 4-10","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2016/16-240_nkp1.pdf","page_label":"file page 7, lines 4-10"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 8, lines 12-18","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2016/16-240_nkp1.pdf","page_label":"file page 8, lines 12-18"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 9, lines 16-32","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2016/16-240_nkp1.pdf","page_label":"file page 9, lines 16-32"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 9, lines 44-48","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2016/16-240_nkp1.pdf","page_label":"file page 9, lines 44-48"}]},{"heading":"Why it matters","paragraphs":["This case defines when a closed courtroom voids a criminal conviction. It determines whether defendants must prove specific harm from such closures."],"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 26, lines 38-12","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2016/16-240_nkp1.pdf","page_label":"file page 26, lines 38-12"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 3, lines 18-4","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2016/16-240_nkp1.pdf","page_label":"file page 3, lines 18-4"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 42, lines 10-30","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2016/16-240_nkp1.pdf","page_label":"file page 42, lines 10-30"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 54, lines 38-6","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2016/16-240_nkp1.pdf","page_label":"file page 54, lines 38-6"}]},{"heading":"What happens next","paragraphs":["This article currently covers the argument record. Use the official docket link for later case activity."],"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 10, lines 12-16","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2016/16-240_nkp1.pdf","page_label":"file page 10, lines 12-16"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 11, lines 44-10","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2016/16-240_nkp1.pdf","page_label":"file page 11, lines 44-10"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 3, lines 8-16","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2016/16-240_nkp1.pdf","page_label":"file page 3, lines 8-16"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 4, lines 6-28","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2016/16-240_nkp1.pdf","page_label":"file page 4, lines 6-28"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 5, lines 26-42","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2016/16-240_nkp1.pdf","page_label":"file page 5, lines 26-42"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 55, lines 34-36","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2016/16-240_nkp1.pdf","page_label":"file page 55, lines 34-36"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 55, lines 8-28","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2016/16-240_nkp1.pdf","page_label":"file page 55, lines 8-28"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 56, lines 30-38","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2016/16-240_nkp1.pdf","page_label":"file page 56, lines 30-38"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 56, lines 4-10","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2016/16-240_nkp1.pdf","page_label":"file page 56, lines 4-10"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 57, lines 44-46","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2016/16-240_nkp1.pdf","page_label":"file page 57, lines 44-46"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 57, lines 8-14","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2016/16-240_nkp1.pdf","page_label":"file page 57, lines 8-14"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 6, lines 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retrial?","title_sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 26, lines 38-12","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2016/16-240_nkp1.pdf","page_label":"file page 26, lines 38-12"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 3, lines 18-4","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2016/16-240_nkp1.pdf","page_label":"file page 3, lines 18-4"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 42, lines 10-30","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2016/16-240_nkp1.pdf","page_label":"file page 42, lines 10-30"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 54, lines 38-6","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2016/16-240_nkp1.pdf","page_label":"file page 54, lines 38-6"}],"topics":[],"undated_disposition_date_fallback":null,"updated_at":"2026-09-05T03:22:24Z"}