{"argument_date":"2016-10-31T00:00:00Z","arguments":[{"argument_date":"2016-10-31T00:00:00Z","heading":"What happened at the argument","official_detail_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcript/2016","official_transcript_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2016/15-866_j426.pdf","paragraphs":["Star Athletica contends the designs are inseparable from the uniform's function.","Varsity Brands contends the designs are separable two-dimensional artwork.","questions_asked_by_justices"],"reargument":false,"sequence":1,"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 10, lines 36-44","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2016/15-866_j426.pdf","page_label":"file page 10, lines 36-44"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 10, lines 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40-44","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2016/15-866_j426.pdf","page_label":"file page 8, lines 40-44"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 9, lines 20-26","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2016/15-866_j426.pdf","page_label":"file page 9, lines 20-26"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 9, lines 30-40","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2016/15-866_j426.pdf","page_label":"file page 9, lines 30-40"}]}],"caption":"Star Athletica, L.L.C. v. Varsity Brands, Inc.","case_history":[{"changed_at":"2026-08-29T20:06:22.012797Z","explanation":"An official oral-argument transcript was verified.","status":"argued"},{"changed_at":"2026-08-29T20:06:22.040125Z","explanation":"An official oral-argument transcript was verified.","status":"argued"}],"case_status":"argued","dek":"The dispute centers on whether specific graphic designs on uniforms qualify as copyrightable art.","dek_sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 26, lines 42-32","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2016/15-866_j426.pdf","page_label":"file page 26, lines 42-32"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 3, lines 18-50","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2016/15-866_j426.pdf","page_label":"file page 3, lines 18-50"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 45, lines 32-48","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2016/15-866_j426.pdf","page_label":"file page 45, lines 32-48"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 58, lines 38-48","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2016/15-866_j426.pdf","page_label":"file page 58, lines 38-48"}],"dispositions":[],"latest_court_document_date":"2016-10-31T00:00:00Z","maturity":"official_transcript","official_detail_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcript/2016","official_disposition_urls":[],"official_docket_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/docket/docketfiles/html/public/15-866.html","primary_docket":"15-866","revisions":[{"correction_note":"Rewritten to the concise citizen-facing editorial standard.","created_at":"2026-08-30T18:52:33.891655Z","maturity":"official_transcript","revision_number":1},{"correction_note":"Migrated to the dated official Court activity contract without model use.","created_at":"2026-09-05T03:22:24Z","maturity":"official_transcript","revision_number":2}],"schema_version":"1.1","sections":[{"heading":"What this case is about","paragraphs":["This case tests the legal boundary between useful articles and artistic expression."],"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 26, lines 42-32","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2016/15-866_j426.pdf","page_label":"file page 26, lines 42-32"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 3, lines 18-50","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2016/15-866_j426.pdf","page_label":"file page 3, lines 18-50"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 45, lines 32-48","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2016/15-866_j426.pdf","page_label":"file page 45, lines 32-48"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 58, lines 38-48","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2016/15-866_j426.pdf","page_label":"file page 58, lines 38-48"}]},{"heading":"How the case got here","paragraphs":["The Supreme Court heard oral argument in this case on October 31, 2016."],"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 3, lines 8-16","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2016/15-866_j426.pdf","page_label":"file page 3, lines 8-16"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 62, lines 28-30","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2016/15-866_j426.pdf","page_label":"file page 62, lines 28-30"}]},{"heading":"What each side wants","paragraphs":["Star Athletica wants the Court to deny copyright protection to the uniform designs.","Varsity Brands wants the Court to grant copyright protection to the uniform designs."],"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 26, lines 42-32","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2016/15-866_j426.pdf","page_label":"file page 26, lines 42-32"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 3, lines 18-50","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2016/15-866_j426.pdf","page_label":"file page 3, lines 18-50"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 45, lines 32-48","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2016/15-866_j426.pdf","page_label":"file page 45, lines 32-48"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 58, lines 38-48","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2016/15-866_j426.pdf","page_label":"file page 58, lines 38-48"}]},{"heading":"What each side says","paragraphs":["Star Athletica argues Congress did not intend to grant a century-long monopoly on uniform design.","Varsity Brands argues Congress directed courts to protect applied art on useful articles."],"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 26, lines 42-32","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2016/15-866_j426.pdf","page_label":"file page 26, lines 42-32"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 3, lines 18-50","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2016/15-866_j426.pdf","page_label":"file page 3, lines 18-50"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 45, lines 32-48","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2016/15-866_j426.pdf","page_label":"file page 45, lines 32-48"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 58, lines 38-48","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2016/15-866_j426.pdf","page_label":"file page 58, lines 38-48"}]},{"heading":"What the justices asked","paragraphs":["Justice Kagan asked how the argument differs from a copyrightable tuxedo shirt design.","Justice Sotomayor asked how one could copyright anything under the side that brought the case's definition of utility."],"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 10, lines 36-44","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2016/15-866_j426.pdf","page_label":"file page 10, lines 36-44"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 10, lines 52-6","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2016/15-866_j426.pdf","page_label":"file page 10, lines 52-6"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 11, lines 32-36","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2016/15-866_j426.pdf","page_label":"file page 11, lines 32-36"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 11, lines 42-50","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2016/15-866_j426.pdf","page_label":"file page 11, lines 42-50"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 3, lines 52-30","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2016/15-866_j426.pdf","page_label":"file page 3, lines 52-30"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 59, lines 50-14","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2016/15-866_j426.pdf","page_label":"file page 59, lines 50-14"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 6, lines 6-34","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2016/15-866_j426.pdf","page_label":"file page 6, lines 6-34"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 60, lines 20-24","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2016/15-866_j426.pdf","page_label":"file page 60, lines 20-24"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 60, lines 28-30","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2016/15-866_j426.pdf","page_label":"file page 60, lines 28-30"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 60, lines 34-36","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2016/15-866_j426.pdf","page_label":"file page 60, lines 34-36"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 61, lines 34-44","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2016/15-866_j426.pdf","page_label":"file page 61, lines 34-44"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 61, lines 46-46","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2016/15-866_j426.pdf","page_label":"file page 61, lines 46-46"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 62, lines 28-30","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2016/15-866_j426.pdf","page_label":"file page 62, lines 28-30"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 7, lines 28-32","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2016/15-866_j426.pdf","page_label":"file page 7, lines 28-32"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 7, lines 36-42","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2016/15-866_j426.pdf","page_label":"file page 7, lines 36-42"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 8, lines 22-34","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2016/15-866_j426.pdf","page_label":"file page 8, lines 22-34"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 8, lines 40-44","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2016/15-866_j426.pdf","page_label":"file page 8, lines 40-44"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 9, lines 20-26","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2016/15-866_j426.pdf","page_label":"file page 9, lines 20-26"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 9, lines 30-40","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2016/15-866_j426.pdf","page_label":"file page 9, lines 30-40"}]},{"heading":"Why it matters","paragraphs":["The outcome defines the scope of copyright protection for designs on functional clothing items."],"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 26, lines 42-32","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2016/15-866_j426.pdf","page_label":"file page 26, lines 42-32"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 3, lines 18-50","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2016/15-866_j426.pdf","page_label":"file page 3, lines 18-50"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 45, lines 32-48","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2016/15-866_j426.pdf","page_label":"file page 45, lines 32-48"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 58, lines 38-48","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2016/15-866_j426.pdf","page_label":"file page 58, lines 38-48"}]},{"heading":"What happens next","paragraphs":["This article currently covers the argument record. Use the official docket link for later case activity."],"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 10, lines 36-44","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2016/15-866_j426.pdf","page_label":"file page 10, lines 36-44"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 10, lines 52-6","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2016/15-866_j426.pdf","page_label":"file page 10, lines 52-6"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 11, lines 32-36","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2016/15-866_j426.pdf","page_label":"file page 11, lines 32-36"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 11, lines 42-50","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2016/15-866_j426.pdf","page_label":"file page 11, lines 42-50"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 3, lines 52-30","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2016/15-866_j426.pdf","page_label":"file page 3, lines 52-30"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 3, lines 8-16","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2016/15-866_j426.pdf","page_label":"file page 3, lines 8-16"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 59, lines 50-14","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2016/15-866_j426.pdf","page_label":"file page 59, lines 50-14"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 6, lines 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