{"argument_date":"2017-01-10T00:00:00Z","arguments":[{"argument_date":"2017-01-10T00:00:00Z","heading":"What happened at the argument","official_detail_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcript/2016","official_transcript_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2016/15-1391_5315.pdf","paragraphs":["Mr. Gupta argued the law suppresses the message that cards cost more.","Mr. Wu argued the statute refers only to a pricing practice.","Justice Kagan questioned whether the law restricts specific speech."],"reargument":false,"sequence":1,"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 1, lines 18-6","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2016/15-1391_5315.pdf","page_label":"file page 1, lines 18-6"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 28, lines 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38-42","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2016/15-1391_5315.pdf","page_label":"file page 5, lines 38-42"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 5, lines 46-48","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2016/15-1391_5315.pdf","page_label":"file page 5, lines 46-48"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 57, lines 26-1","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2016/15-1391_5315.pdf","page_label":"file page 57, lines 26-1"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 58, lines 4-14","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2016/15-1391_5315.pdf","page_label":"file page 58, lines 4-14"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 59, lines 16-24","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2016/15-1391_5315.pdf","page_label":"file page 59, lines 16-24"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 59, lines 42-46","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2016/15-1391_5315.pdf","page_label":"file page 59, lines 42-46"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 6, lines 16-16","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2016/15-1391_5315.pdf","page_label":"file page 6, lines 16-16"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 6, lines 20-34","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2016/15-1391_5315.pdf","page_label":"file page 6, lines 20-34"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 6, lines 48-50","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2016/15-1391_5315.pdf","page_label":"file page 6, lines 48-50"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 6, lines 6-8","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2016/15-1391_5315.pdf","page_label":"file page 6, lines 6-8"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 60, lines 16-20","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2016/15-1391_5315.pdf","page_label":"file page 60, lines 16-20"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 60, lines 24-38","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2016/15-1391_5315.pdf","page_label":"file page 60, lines 24-38"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 62, lines 24-32","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2016/15-1391_5315.pdf","page_label":"file page 62, lines 24-32"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 63, lines 10-10","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2016/15-1391_5315.pdf","page_label":"file page 63, lines 10-10"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 64, lines 12-14","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2016/15-1391_5315.pdf","page_label":"file page 64, lines 12-14"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 7, lines 4-26","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2016/15-1391_5315.pdf","page_label":"file page 7, lines 4-26"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 7, lines 52-4","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2016/15-1391_5315.pdf","page_label":"file page 7, lines 52-4"}]}],"caption":"Expressions Hair Design v. Schneiderman","case_history":[{"changed_at":"2026-08-29T20:06:21.853371Z","explanation":"An official oral-argument transcript was verified.","status":"argued"},{"changed_at":"2026-08-29T20:06:21.856115Z","explanation":"An official oral-argument transcript was verified.","status":"argued"}],"case_status":"argued","dek":"New York merchants want to tell customers credit cards cost more. The state says this law bans that pricing practice.","dek_sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 1, lines 18-6","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2016/15-1391_5315.pdf","page_label":"file page 1, lines 18-6"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 28, lines 46-48","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2016/15-1391_5315.pdf","page_label":"file page 28, lines 46-48"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 3, lines 20-34","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2016/15-1391_5315.pdf","page_label":"file page 3, lines 20-34"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 39, lines 40-10","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2016/15-1391_5315.pdf","page_label":"file page 39, lines 40-10"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 58, lines 4-14","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2016/15-1391_5315.pdf","page_label":"file page 58, lines 4-14"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 63, lines 10-10","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2016/15-1391_5315.pdf","page_label":"file page 63, lines 10-10"}],"dispositions":[],"latest_court_document_date":"2017-01-10T00:00:00Z","maturity":"official_transcript","official_detail_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcript/2016","official_disposition_urls":[],"official_docket_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/docket/docketfiles/html/public/15-1391.html","primary_docket":"15-1391","revisions":[{"correction_note":"Rewritten to the concise citizen-facing editorial standard.","created_at":"2026-08-30T18:47:14.804570Z","maturity":"official_transcript","revision_number":1},{"correction_note":"Migrated to the dated official Court activity contract without model use.","created_at":"2026-09-05T03:22:24Z","maturity":"official_transcript","revision_number":2}],"schema_version":"1.1","sections":[{"heading":"What this case is about","paragraphs":["New York law bans sellers from adding a fee to credit card purchases. Merchants say this law stops them from telling customers the truth about card costs. The state says the law only controls pricing, not speech."],"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 1, lines 18-6","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2016/15-1391_5315.pdf","page_label":"file page 1, lines 18-6"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 28, lines 46-48","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2016/15-1391_5315.pdf","page_label":"file page 28, lines 46-48"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 3, lines 20-34","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2016/15-1391_5315.pdf","page_label":"file page 3, lines 20-34"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 39, lines 40-10","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2016/15-1391_5315.pdf","page_label":"file page 39, lines 40-10"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 58, lines 4-14","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2016/15-1391_5315.pdf","page_label":"file page 58, lines 4-14"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 63, lines 10-10","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2016/15-1391_5315.pdf","page_label":"file page 63, lines 10-10"}]},{"heading":"How the case got here","paragraphs":["The Supreme Court heard oral argument in this case on January 10, 2017."],"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 3, lines 8-18","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2016/15-1391_5315.pdf","page_label":"file page 3, lines 8-18"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 64, lines 12-14","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2016/15-1391_5315.pdf","page_label":"file page 64, lines 12-14"}]},{"heading":"What each side wants","paragraphs":["Merchants want to tell customers credit cards cost more.","The state wants to keep the surcharge ban in place."],"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 1, lines 18-6","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2016/15-1391_5315.pdf","page_label":"file page 1, lines 18-6"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 28, lines 46-48","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2016/15-1391_5315.pdf","page_label":"file page 28, lines 46-48"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 3, lines 20-34","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2016/15-1391_5315.pdf","page_label":"file page 3, lines 20-34"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 39, lines 40-10","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2016/15-1391_5315.pdf","page_label":"file page 39, lines 40-10"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 58, lines 4-14","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2016/15-1391_5315.pdf","page_label":"file page 58, lines 4-14"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 63, lines 10-10","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2016/15-1391_5315.pdf","page_label":"file page 63, lines 10-10"}]},{"heading":"What each side says","paragraphs":["Merchants argue the law bans truthful speech about card costs.","The state argues the law only regulates a pricing practice."],"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 1, lines 18-6","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2016/15-1391_5315.pdf","page_label":"file page 1, lines 18-6"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 28, lines 46-48","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2016/15-1391_5315.pdf","page_label":"file page 28, lines 46-48"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 3, lines 20-34","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2016/15-1391_5315.pdf","page_label":"file page 3, lines 20-34"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 39, lines 40-10","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2016/15-1391_5315.pdf","page_label":"file page 39, lines 40-10"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 58, lines 4-14","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2016/15-1391_5315.pdf","page_label":"file page 58, lines 4-14"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 63, lines 10-10","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2016/15-1391_5315.pdf","page_label":"file page 63, lines 10-10"}]},{"heading":"What the justices asked","paragraphs":["Justice Kagan asked what specific speech the law restricts.","Justice Kagan asked how the law violates the Constitution."],"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 4, lines 32-34","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2016/15-1391_5315.pdf","page_label":"file page 4, lines 32-34"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 4, lines 36-38","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2016/15-1391_5315.pdf","page_label":"file page 4, lines 36-38"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 5, lines 12-18","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2016/15-1391_5315.pdf","page_label":"file page 5, lines 12-18"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 5, lines 22-34","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2016/15-1391_5315.pdf","page_label":"file page 5, lines 22-34"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 5, lines 38-42","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2016/15-1391_5315.pdf","page_label":"file page 5, lines 38-42"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 5, lines 46-48","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2016/15-1391_5315.pdf","page_label":"file page 5, lines 46-48"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 57, lines 26-1","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2016/15-1391_5315.pdf","page_label":"file page 57, lines 26-1"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 59, lines 16-24","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2016/15-1391_5315.pdf","page_label":"file page 59, lines 16-24"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 59, lines 42-46","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2016/15-1391_5315.pdf","page_label":"file page 59, lines 42-46"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 6, lines 16-16","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2016/15-1391_5315.pdf","page_label":"file page 6, lines 16-16"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 6, lines 20-34","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2016/15-1391_5315.pdf","page_label":"file page 6, lines 20-34"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 6, lines 48-50","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2016/15-1391_5315.pdf","page_label":"file page 6, lines 48-50"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 6, lines 6-8","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2016/15-1391_5315.pdf","page_label":"file page 6, lines 6-8"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 60, lines 16-20","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2016/15-1391_5315.pdf","page_label":"file page 60, lines 16-20"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 60, lines 24-38","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2016/15-1391_5315.pdf","page_label":"file page 60, lines 24-38"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 62, lines 24-32","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2016/15-1391_5315.pdf","page_label":"file page 62, lines 24-32"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 64, lines 12-14","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2016/15-1391_5315.pdf","page_label":"file page 64, lines 12-14"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 7, lines 4-26","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2016/15-1391_5315.pdf","page_label":"file page 7, lines 4-26"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 7, lines 52-4","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2016/15-1391_5315.pdf","page_label":"file page 7, lines 52-4"}]},{"heading":"Why it matters","paragraphs":["This case defines the line between price regulation and free speech. It affects how merchants communicate costs to consumers. It shapes state power to control commercial messaging."],"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 1, lines 18-6","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2016/15-1391_5315.pdf","page_label":"file page 1, lines 18-6"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 28, lines 46-48","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2016/15-1391_5315.pdf","page_label":"file page 28, lines 46-48"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 3, lines 20-34","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2016/15-1391_5315.pdf","page_label":"file page 3, lines 20-34"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 39, lines 40-10","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2016/15-1391_5315.pdf","page_label":"file page 39, lines 40-10"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 58, lines 4-14","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2016/15-1391_5315.pdf","page_label":"file page 58, lines 4-14"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 63, lines 10-10","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2016/15-1391_5315.pdf","page_label":"file page 63, lines 10-10"}]},{"heading":"What happens next","paragraphs":["This article currently covers the argument record. Use the official docket link for later case activity."],"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 3, lines 8-18","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2016/15-1391_5315.pdf","page_label":"file page 3, lines 8-18"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 4, lines 32-34","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2016/15-1391_5315.pdf","page_label":"file page 4, lines 32-34"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 4, lines 36-38","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2016/15-1391_5315.pdf","page_label":"file page 4, lines 36-38"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 5, lines 12-18","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2016/15-1391_5315.pdf","page_label":"file page 5, lines 12-18"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 5, lines 22-34","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2016/15-1391_5315.pdf","page_label":"file page 5, lines 22-34"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 5, lines 38-42","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2016/15-1391_5315.pdf","page_label":"file page 5, lines 38-42"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 5, lines 46-48","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2016/15-1391_5315.pdf","page_label":"file page 5, lines 46-48"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 57, lines 26-1","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2016/15-1391_5315.pdf","page_label":"file page 57, lines 26-1"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 59, lines 16-24","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2016/15-1391_5315.pdf","page_label":"file page 59, lines 16-24"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 59, lines 42-46","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2016/15-1391_5315.pdf","page_label":"file page 59, lines 42-46"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 6, lines 16-16","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2016/15-1391_5315.pdf","page_label":"file page 6, lines 16-16"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 6, lines 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