{"argument_date":"2016-04-27T00:00:00Z","arguments":[{"argument_date":"2016-04-27T00:00:00Z","heading":"What happened at the argument","official_detail_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcript/2015","official_transcript_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/15-474_19m1.pdf","paragraphs":["Mr. Dreeben asserted that the crime involved accepting value to promote research studies.","Mr. Francisco argued that the government ignores a prior Supreme Court decision.","Mr. Francisco stated that the quid pro quo requirement solves many of the government's problems."],"reargument":false,"sequence":1,"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 28, lines 24-38","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/15-474_19m1.pdf","page_label":"file page 28, lines 24-38"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 3, lines 18-42","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/15-474_19m1.pdf","page_label":"file page 3, lines 18-42"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 3, lines 8-16","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/15-474_19m1.pdf","page_label":"file page 3, lines 8-16"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 4, lines 10-16","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/15-474_19m1.pdf","page_label":"file page 4, lines 10-16"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 4, lines 26-34","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/15-474_19m1.pdf","page_label":"file page 4, lines 26-34"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 4, lines 38-40","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/15-474_19m1.pdf","page_label":"file page 4, lines 38-40"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 5, lines 10-14","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/15-474_19m1.pdf","page_label":"file page 5, lines 10-14"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 5, lines 34-1","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/15-474_19m1.pdf","page_label":"file page 5, lines 34-1"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 54, lines 10-16","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/15-474_19m1.pdf","page_label":"file page 54, lines 10-16"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 56, lines 26-32","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/15-474_19m1.pdf","page_label":"file page 56, lines 26-32"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 57, lines 34-44","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/15-474_19m1.pdf","page_label":"file page 57, lines 34-44"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 58, lines 26-42","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/15-474_19m1.pdf","page_label":"file page 58, lines 26-42"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 58, lines 46-4","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/15-474_19m1.pdf","page_label":"file page 58, lines 46-4"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 59, lines 10-12","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/15-474_19m1.pdf","page_label":"file page 59, lines 10-12"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 59, lines 44-8","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/15-474_19m1.pdf","page_label":"file page 59, lines 44-8"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 6, lines 14-16","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/15-474_19m1.pdf","page_label":"file page 6, lines 14-16"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 6, lines 50-50","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/15-474_19m1.pdf","page_label":"file page 6, lines 50-50"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 6, lines 52-20","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/15-474_19m1.pdf","page_label":"file page 6, lines 52-20"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 61, lines 4-14","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/15-474_19m1.pdf","page_label":"file page 61, lines 4-14"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 61, lines 48-50","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/15-474_19m1.pdf","page_label":"file page 61, lines 48-50"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 62, lines 4-12","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/15-474_19m1.pdf","page_label":"file page 62, lines 4-12"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 62, lines 46-28","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/15-474_19m1.pdf","page_label":"file page 62, lines 46-28"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 8, lines 22-32","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/15-474_19m1.pdf","page_label":"file page 8, lines 22-32"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 8, lines 36-38","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/15-474_19m1.pdf","page_label":"file page 8, lines 36-38"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 8, lines 4-10","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/15-474_19m1.pdf","page_label":"file page 8, lines 4-10"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 8, lines 42-50","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/15-474_19m1.pdf","page_label":"file page 8, lines 42-50"}]}],"caption":"McDonnell v. United States","case_history":[{"changed_at":"2026-08-29T20:06:22.300745Z","explanation":"An official oral-argument transcript was verified.","status":"argued"},{"changed_at":"2026-08-29T20:06:22.312112Z","explanation":"An official oral-argument transcript was verified.","status":"argued"}],"case_status":"argued","dek":"The dispute centers on whether arranging meetings counts as an official act under federal bribery law.","dek_sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 28, lines 24-38","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/15-474_19m1.pdf","page_label":"file page 28, lines 24-38"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 3, lines 18-42","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/15-474_19m1.pdf","page_label":"file page 3, lines 18-42"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 54, lines 10-16","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/15-474_19m1.pdf","page_label":"file page 54, lines 10-16"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 56, lines 26-32","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/15-474_19m1.pdf","page_label":"file page 56, lines 26-32"}],"dispositions":[],"latest_court_document_date":"2016-04-27T00:00:00Z","maturity":"official_transcript","official_detail_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcript/2015","official_disposition_urls":[],"official_docket_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/docket/docketfiles/html/public/15-474.html","primary_docket":"15-474","revisions":[{"correction_note":"Rewritten to the concise citizen-facing editorial standard.","created_at":"2026-08-30T18:57:25.317764Z","maturity":"official_transcript","revision_number":1},{"correction_note":"Migrated to the dated official Court activity contract without model use.","created_at":"2026-09-05T03:22:24Z","maturity":"official_transcript","revision_number":2}],"schema_version":"1.1","sections":[{"heading":"What this case is about","paragraphs":["This case tests the scope of the federal bribery statute. It asks if a public official commits a crime by merely arranging access to government agencies. the side that brought the case argues this conduct is not an official act. The government argues it is."],"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 28, lines 24-38","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/15-474_19m1.pdf","page_label":"file page 28, lines 24-38"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 3, lines 18-42","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/15-474_19m1.pdf","page_label":"file page 3, lines 18-42"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 54, lines 10-16","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/15-474_19m1.pdf","page_label":"file page 54, lines 10-16"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 56, lines 26-32","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/15-474_19m1.pdf","page_label":"file page 56, lines 26-32"}]},{"heading":"How the case got here","paragraphs":["The Supreme Court heard oral argument in this case on April 27, 2016."],"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 3, lines 8-16","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/15-474_19m1.pdf","page_label":"file page 3, lines 8-16"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 57, lines 34-44","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/15-474_19m1.pdf","page_label":"file page 57, lines 34-44"}]},{"heading":"What each side wants","paragraphs":["the side that brought the case wants a categorical carve-out for meetings and phone calls.","The government wants the court to treat arranging research studies as an official act."],"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 28, lines 24-38","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/15-474_19m1.pdf","page_label":"file page 28, lines 24-38"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 3, lines 18-42","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/15-474_19m1.pdf","page_label":"file page 3, lines 18-42"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 54, lines 10-16","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/15-474_19m1.pdf","page_label":"file page 54, lines 10-16"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 56, lines 26-32","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/15-474_19m1.pdf","page_label":"file page 56, lines 26-32"}]},{"heading":"What each side says","paragraphs":["the side that brought the case argues that providing access to the government is not an official act.","The government argues that anything within official duties constitutes an official act."],"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 28, lines 24-38","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/15-474_19m1.pdf","page_label":"file page 28, lines 24-38"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 3, lines 18-42","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/15-474_19m1.pdf","page_label":"file page 3, lines 18-42"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 54, lines 10-16","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/15-474_19m1.pdf","page_label":"file page 54, lines 10-16"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 56, lines 26-32","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/15-474_19m1.pdf","page_label":"file page 56, lines 26-32"}]},{"heading":"What the justices asked","paragraphs":["Justice Sotomayor asked how to handle the perception that the official tried to influence others.","Justice Ginsburg asked if the outcome would change if medical faculties agreed to testing."],"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 4, lines 10-16","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/15-474_19m1.pdf","page_label":"file page 4, lines 10-16"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 4, lines 26-34","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/15-474_19m1.pdf","page_label":"file page 4, lines 26-34"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 4, lines 38-40","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/15-474_19m1.pdf","page_label":"file page 4, lines 38-40"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 5, lines 10-14","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/15-474_19m1.pdf","page_label":"file page 5, lines 10-14"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 5, lines 34-1","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/15-474_19m1.pdf","page_label":"file page 5, lines 34-1"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 57, lines 34-44","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/15-474_19m1.pdf","page_label":"file page 57, lines 34-44"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 58, lines 26-42","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/15-474_19m1.pdf","page_label":"file page 58, lines 26-42"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 58, lines 46-4","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/15-474_19m1.pdf","page_label":"file page 58, lines 46-4"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 59, lines 10-12","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/15-474_19m1.pdf","page_label":"file page 59, lines 10-12"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 59, lines 44-8","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/15-474_19m1.pdf","page_label":"file page 59, lines 44-8"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 6, lines 14-16","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/15-474_19m1.pdf","page_label":"file page 6, lines 14-16"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 6, lines 50-50","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/15-474_19m1.pdf","page_label":"file page 6, lines 50-50"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 6, lines 52-20","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/15-474_19m1.pdf","page_label":"file page 6, lines 52-20"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 61, lines 4-14","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/15-474_19m1.pdf","page_label":"file page 61, lines 4-14"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 61, lines 48-50","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/15-474_19m1.pdf","page_label":"file page 61, lines 48-50"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 62, lines 4-12","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/15-474_19m1.pdf","page_label":"file page 62, lines 4-12"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 62, lines 46-28","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/15-474_19m1.pdf","page_label":"file page 62, lines 46-28"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 8, lines 22-32","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/15-474_19m1.pdf","page_label":"file page 8, lines 22-32"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 8, lines 36-38","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/15-474_19m1.pdf","page_label":"file page 8, lines 36-38"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 8, lines 4-10","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/15-474_19m1.pdf","page_label":"file page 8, lines 4-10"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 8, lines 42-50","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/15-474_19m1.pdf","page_label":"file page 8, lines 42-50"}]},{"heading":"Why it matters","paragraphs":["The outcome defines the boundary between lawful advocacy and criminal bribery. It determines whether arranging meetings constitutes a specific government action. This standard affects all public officials nationwide. It shapes the legal definition of official conduct."],"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 28, lines 24-38","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/15-474_19m1.pdf","page_label":"file page 28, lines 24-38"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 3, lines 18-42","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/15-474_19m1.pdf","page_label":"file page 3, lines 18-42"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 54, lines 10-16","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/15-474_19m1.pdf","page_label":"file page 54, lines 10-16"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 56, lines 26-32","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/15-474_19m1.pdf","page_label":"file page 56, lines 26-32"}]},{"heading":"What happens next","paragraphs":["This article currently covers the argument record. Use the official docket link for later case activity."],"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 3, lines 8-16","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/15-474_19m1.pdf","page_label":"file page 3, lines 8-16"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 4, lines 10-16","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/15-474_19m1.pdf","page_label":"file page 4, lines 10-16"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 4, lines 26-34","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/15-474_19m1.pdf","page_label":"file page 4, lines 26-34"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 4, lines 38-40","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/15-474_19m1.pdf","page_label":"file page 4, lines 38-40"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 5, lines 10-14","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/15-474_19m1.pdf","page_label":"file page 5, lines 10-14"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 5, lines 34-1","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/15-474_19m1.pdf","page_label":"file page 5, lines 34-1"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 57, lines 34-44","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/15-474_19m1.pdf","page_label":"file page 57, lines 34-44"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 58, lines 26-42","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/15-474_19m1.pdf","page_label":"file page 58, lines 26-42"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 58, lines 46-4","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/15-474_19m1.pdf","page_label":"file page 58, lines 46-4"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 59, lines 10-12","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/15-474_19m1.pdf","page_label":"file page 59, lines 10-12"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 59, lines 44-8","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/15-474_19m1.pdf","page_label":"file page 59, lines 44-8"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 6, lines 14-16","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/15-474_19m1.pdf","page_label":"file page 6, lines 14-16"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 6, lines 50-50","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/15-474_19m1.pdf","page_label":"file page 6, lines 50-50"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 6, lines 52-20","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/15-474_19m1.pdf","page_label":"file page 6, lines 52-20"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 61, lines 4-14","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/15-474_19m1.pdf","page_label":"file page 61, lines 4-14"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 61, lines 48-50","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/15-474_19m1.pdf","page_label":"file page 61, lines 48-50"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 62, lines 4-12","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/15-474_19m1.pdf","page_label":"file page 62, lines 4-12"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 62, lines 46-28","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/15-474_19m1.pdf","page_label":"file page 62, lines 46-28"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 8, lines 22-32","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/15-474_19m1.pdf","page_label":"file page 8, lines 22-32"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 8, lines 36-38","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/15-474_19m1.pdf","page_label":"file page 8, lines 36-38"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 8, lines 4-10","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/15-474_19m1.pdf","page_label":"file page 8, lines 4-10"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 8, lines 42-50","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/15-474_19m1.pdf","page_label":"file page 8, lines 42-50"}]}],"slug":"2015-15-474-mcdonnell-v-united-states","term":"2015","title":"Does an official act require a specific government decision?","title_sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 28, lines 24-38","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/15-474_19m1.pdf","page_label":"file page 28, lines 24-38"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 3, lines 18-42","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/15-474_19m1.pdf","page_label":"file page 3, lines 18-42"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 54, lines 10-16","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/15-474_19m1.pdf","page_label":"file page 54, lines 10-16"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 56, lines 26-32","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/15-474_19m1.pdf","page_label":"file page 56, lines 26-32"}],"topics":[],"undated_disposition_date_fallback":null,"updated_at":"2026-09-05T03:22:24Z"}