{"argument_date":"2016-01-13T00:00:00Z","arguments":[{"argument_date":"2016-01-13T00:00:00Z","heading":"What happened at the argument","official_detail_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcript/2015","official_transcript_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/15-108_5436.pdf","paragraphs":["Christopher Landau argued the people of Puerto Rico are the source of local law.","He stated this point is straightforward and central to the case.","Ms. Saharsky addressed the dual sovereignty test used in Double Jeopardy cases.","She explained why the Court has historically applied this specific test."],"reargument":false,"sequence":1,"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 28, lines 24-48","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/15-108_5436.pdf","page_label":"file page 28, lines 24-48"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 3, lines 20-40","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/15-108_5436.pdf","page_label":"file page 3, lines 20-40"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 3, lines 42-48","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/15-108_5436.pdf","page_label":"file page 3, lines 42-48"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 3, lines 8-18","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/15-108_5436.pdf","page_label":"file page 3, lines 8-18"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 4, lines 12-14","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/15-108_5436.pdf","page_label":"file page 4, lines 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32-32"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 5, lines 12-22","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/15-108_5436.pdf","page_label":"file page 5, lines 12-22"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 56, lines 28-38","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/15-108_5436.pdf","page_label":"file page 56, lines 28-38"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 58, lines 48-12","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/15-108_5436.pdf","page_label":"file page 58, lines 48-12"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 6, lines 14-16","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/15-108_5436.pdf","page_label":"file page 6, lines 14-16"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 6, lines 20-22","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/15-108_5436.pdf","page_label":"file page 6, lines 20-22"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 6, lines 38-44","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/15-108_5436.pdf","page_label":"file page 6, lines 38-44"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 6, lines 52-4","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/15-108_5436.pdf","page_label":"file page 6, lines 52-4"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 60, lines 14-16","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/15-108_5436.pdf","page_label":"file page 60, lines 14-16"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 60, lines 30-34","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/15-108_5436.pdf","page_label":"file page 60, lines 30-34"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 61, lines 34-34","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/15-108_5436.pdf","page_label":"file page 61, lines 34-34"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 61, lines 8-18","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/15-108_5436.pdf","page_label":"file page 61, lines 8-18"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 62, lines 30-32","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/15-108_5436.pdf","page_label":"file page 62, lines 30-32"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 7, lines 40-48","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/15-108_5436.pdf","page_label":"file page 7, lines 40-48"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 7, lines 52-12","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/15-108_5436.pdf","page_label":"file page 7, lines 52-12"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 8, lines 44-48","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/15-108_5436.pdf","page_label":"file page 8, lines 44-48"}]}],"caption":"Puerto Rico v. Sanchez Valle","case_history":[{"changed_at":"2026-08-29T20:06:22.591361Z","explanation":"An official oral-argument transcript was verified.","status":"argued"},{"changed_at":"2026-08-29T20:06:22.618949Z","explanation":"An official oral-argument transcript was verified.","status":"argued"}],"case_status":"argued","dek":"Puerto Rico argues its people hold distinct power to punish. The defendant argues only the federal government holds that power.","dek_sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 28, lines 24-48","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/15-108_5436.pdf","page_label":"file page 28, lines 24-48"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 3, lines 20-40","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/15-108_5436.pdf","page_label":"file page 3, lines 20-40"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 44, lines 24-12","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/15-108_5436.pdf","page_label":"file page 44, lines 24-12"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 47, lines 32-32","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/15-108_5436.pdf","page_label":"file page 47, lines 32-32"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 56, lines 28-38","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/15-108_5436.pdf","page_label":"file page 56, lines 28-38"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 58, lines 48-12","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/15-108_5436.pdf","page_label":"file page 58, lines 48-12"}],"dispositions":[],"latest_court_document_date":"2016-01-13T00:00:00Z","maturity":"official_transcript","official_detail_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcript/2015","official_disposition_urls":[],"official_docket_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/docket/docketfiles/html/public/15-108.html","primary_docket":"15-108","revisions":[{"correction_note":"Rewritten to the concise citizen-facing editorial standard.","created_at":"2026-08-30T19:08:46.854268Z","maturity":"official_transcript","revision_number":1},{"correction_note":"Migrated to the dated official Court activity contract without model use.","created_at":"2026-09-05T03:22:24Z","maturity":"official_transcript","revision_number":2}],"schema_version":"1.1","sections":[{"heading":"What this case is about","paragraphs":["The case tests whether Puerto Rico acts as a separate sovereign. This status allows both local and federal courts to try one person for the same act."],"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 28, lines 24-48","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/15-108_5436.pdf","page_label":"file page 28, lines 24-48"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 3, lines 20-40","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/15-108_5436.pdf","page_label":"file page 3, lines 20-40"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 44, lines 24-12","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/15-108_5436.pdf","page_label":"file page 44, lines 24-12"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 47, lines 32-32","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/15-108_5436.pdf","page_label":"file page 47, lines 32-32"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 56, lines 28-38","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/15-108_5436.pdf","page_label":"file page 56, lines 28-38"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 58, lines 48-12","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/15-108_5436.pdf","page_label":"file page 58, lines 48-12"}]},{"heading":"How the case got here","paragraphs":["The Supreme Court heard oral argument in this case on January 13, 2016."],"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 3, lines 8-18","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/15-108_5436.pdf","page_label":"file page 3, lines 8-18"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 61, lines 8-18","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/15-108_5436.pdf","page_label":"file page 61, lines 8-18"}]},{"heading":"What each side wants","paragraphs":["Puerto Rico wants to proceed with its criminal trial against the defendant.","The defendant wants the local trial dismissed to prevent double punishment."],"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 28, lines 24-48","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/15-108_5436.pdf","page_label":"file page 28, lines 24-48"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 3, lines 20-40","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/15-108_5436.pdf","page_label":"file page 3, lines 20-40"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 44, lines 24-12","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/15-108_5436.pdf","page_label":"file page 44, lines 24-12"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 47, lines 32-32","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/15-108_5436.pdf","page_label":"file page 47, lines 32-32"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 56, lines 28-38","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/15-108_5436.pdf","page_label":"file page 56, lines 28-38"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 58, lines 48-12","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/15-108_5436.pdf","page_label":"file page 58, lines 48-12"}]},{"heading":"What each side says","paragraphs":["Puerto Rico argues its people derive authority directly from local sources.","The defendant argues Puerto Rico remains a territory under federal control."],"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 28, lines 24-48","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/15-108_5436.pdf","page_label":"file page 28, lines 24-48"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 3, lines 20-40","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/15-108_5436.pdf","page_label":"file page 3, lines 20-40"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 44, lines 24-12","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/15-108_5436.pdf","page_label":"file page 44, lines 24-12"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 47, lines 32-32","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/15-108_5436.pdf","page_label":"file page 47, lines 32-32"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 56, lines 28-38","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/15-108_5436.pdf","page_label":"file page 56, lines 28-38"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 58, lines 48-12","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/15-108_5436.pdf","page_label":"file page 58, lines 48-12"}]},{"heading":"What the justices asked","paragraphs":["Justice Scalia asked if recognizing Puerto Rico as sovereign is essential to the case.","Justice Ginsburg asked how the relevant statute operates in both directions."],"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 3, lines 42-48","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/15-108_5436.pdf","page_label":"file page 3, lines 42-48"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 4, lines 12-14","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/15-108_5436.pdf","page_label":"file page 4, lines 12-14"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 4, lines 28-30","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/15-108_5436.pdf","page_label":"file page 4, lines 28-30"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 4, lines 32-34","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/15-108_5436.pdf","page_label":"file page 4, lines 32-34"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 5, lines 12-22","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/15-108_5436.pdf","page_label":"file page 5, lines 12-22"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 6, lines 14-16","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/15-108_5436.pdf","page_label":"file page 6, lines 14-16"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 6, lines 20-22","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/15-108_5436.pdf","page_label":"file page 6, lines 20-22"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 6, lines 38-44","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/15-108_5436.pdf","page_label":"file page 6, lines 38-44"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 6, lines 52-4","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/15-108_5436.pdf","page_label":"file page 6, lines 52-4"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 60, lines 14-16","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/15-108_5436.pdf","page_label":"file page 60, lines 14-16"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 60, lines 30-34","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/15-108_5436.pdf","page_label":"file page 60, lines 30-34"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 61, lines 34-34","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/15-108_5436.pdf","page_label":"file page 61, lines 34-34"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 61, lines 8-18","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/15-108_5436.pdf","page_label":"file page 61, lines 8-18"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 62, lines 30-32","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/15-108_5436.pdf","page_label":"file page 62, lines 30-32"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 7, lines 40-48","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/15-108_5436.pdf","page_label":"file page 7, lines 40-48"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 7, lines 52-12","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/15-108_5436.pdf","page_label":"file page 7, lines 52-12"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 8, lines 44-48","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/15-108_5436.pdf","page_label":"file page 8, lines 44-48"}]},{"heading":"Why it matters","paragraphs":["This dispute defines the legal status of U.S. territories. It determines whether local governments hold independent power to punish crimes. The outcome shapes the balance of federal and local authority."],"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 28, lines 24-48","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/15-108_5436.pdf","page_label":"file page 28, lines 24-48"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 3, lines 20-40","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/15-108_5436.pdf","page_label":"file page 3, lines 20-40"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 44, lines 24-12","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/15-108_5436.pdf","page_label":"file page 44, lines 24-12"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 47, lines 32-32","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/15-108_5436.pdf","page_label":"file page 47, lines 32-32"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 56, lines 28-38","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/15-108_5436.pdf","page_label":"file page 56, lines 28-38"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 58, lines 48-12","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/15-108_5436.pdf","page_label":"file page 58, lines 48-12"}]},{"heading":"What happens next","paragraphs":["This article currently covers the argument record. Use the official docket link for later case activity."],"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 3, lines 42-48","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/15-108_5436.pdf","page_label":"file page 3, lines 42-48"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 3, lines 8-18","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/15-108_5436.pdf","page_label":"file page 3, lines 8-18"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 4, lines 12-14","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/15-108_5436.pdf","page_label":"file page 4, lines 12-14"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 4, lines 28-30","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/15-108_5436.pdf","page_label":"file page 4, lines 28-30"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 4, lines 32-34","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/15-108_5436.pdf","page_label":"file page 4, lines 32-34"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 5, lines 12-22","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/15-108_5436.pdf","page_label":"file page 5, lines 12-22"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 6, lines 14-16","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/15-108_5436.pdf","page_label":"file page 6, lines 14-16"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 6, lines 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