{"argument_date":"2016-01-13T00:00:00Z","arguments":[{"argument_date":"2016-01-13T00:00:00Z","heading":"What happened at the argument","official_detail_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcript/2015","official_transcript_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/14-770_m64o.pdf","paragraphs":["Mr. Lamken argued that Congress has never limited a statute to one specific case.","Mr. Kneedler argued that Congress may amend laws to apply to pending cases.","Mr. Olson argued that the case involves a particular outcome and property."],"reargument":false,"sequence":1,"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 26, lines 16-4","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/14-770_m64o.pdf","page_label":"file page 26, lines 16-4"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 3, lines 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8-8","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/14-770_m64o.pdf","page_label":"file page 58, lines 8-8"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 59, lines 20-22","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/14-770_m64o.pdf","page_label":"file page 59, lines 20-22"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 59, lines 46-4","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/14-770_m64o.pdf","page_label":"file page 59, lines 46-4"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 59, lines 8-10","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/14-770_m64o.pdf","page_label":"file page 59, lines 8-10"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 6, lines 20-38","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/14-770_m64o.pdf","page_label":"file page 6, lines 20-38"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 60, lines 8-12","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/14-770_m64o.pdf","page_label":"file page 60, lines 8-12"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 7, lines 8-34","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/14-770_m64o.pdf","page_label":"file page 7, lines 8-34"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 8, lines 12-14","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/14-770_m64o.pdf","page_label":"file page 8, lines 12-14"}]}],"caption":"Markazi v. Peterson","case_history":[{"changed_at":"2026-08-29T20:06:22.584528Z","explanation":"An official oral-argument transcript was verified.","status":"argued"},{"changed_at":"2026-08-29T20:06:22.612368Z","explanation":"An official oral-argument transcript was verified.","status":"argued"}],"case_status":"argued","dek":"the sides that brought the case argue a statute targeting a single case violates the Constitution. the opposing sides claim Congress may amend laws for pending cases.","dek_sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 26, lines 16-4","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/14-770_m64o.pdf","page_label":"file page 26, lines 16-4"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 3, lines 20-32","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/14-770_m64o.pdf","page_label":"file page 3, lines 20-32"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 44, lines 40-4","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/14-770_m64o.pdf","page_label":"file page 44, lines 40-4"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 55, lines 4-46","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/14-770_m64o.pdf","page_label":"file page 55, lines 4-46"}],"dispositions":[],"latest_court_document_date":"2016-01-13T00:00:00Z","maturity":"official_transcript","official_detail_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcript/2015","official_disposition_urls":[],"official_docket_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/docket/docketfiles/html/public/14-770.html","primary_docket":"14-770","revisions":[{"correction_note":"Rewritten to the concise citizen-facing editorial standard.","created_at":"2026-08-30T19:08:30.500055Z","maturity":"official_transcript","revision_number":1},{"correction_note":"Migrated to the dated official Court activity contract without model use.","created_at":"2026-09-05T03:22:24Z","maturity":"official_transcript","revision_number":2}],"schema_version":"1.1","sections":[{"heading":"What this case is about","paragraphs":["The case involves a statute that targets a specific pending lawsuit. The core dispute is whether Congress can limit a law's effect to one case."],"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 26, lines 16-4","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/14-770_m64o.pdf","page_label":"file page 26, lines 16-4"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 3, lines 20-32","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/14-770_m64o.pdf","page_label":"file page 3, lines 20-32"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 44, lines 40-4","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/14-770_m64o.pdf","page_label":"file page 44, lines 40-4"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 55, lines 4-46","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/14-770_m64o.pdf","page_label":"file page 55, lines 4-46"}]},{"heading":"How the case got here","paragraphs":["The Supreme Court heard oral argument in this case on January 13, 2016."],"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 3, lines 8-18","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/14-770_m64o.pdf","page_label":"file page 3, lines 8-18"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 56, lines 40-48","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/14-770_m64o.pdf","page_label":"file page 56, lines 40-48"}]},{"heading":"What each side wants","paragraphs":["the sides that brought the case want the Court to strike down the statute as unconstitutional.","the opposing sides want the Court to uphold the statute and apply it to the case."],"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 26, lines 16-4","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/14-770_m64o.pdf","page_label":"file page 26, lines 16-4"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 3, lines 20-32","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/14-770_m64o.pdf","page_label":"file page 3, lines 20-32"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 44, lines 40-4","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/14-770_m64o.pdf","page_label":"file page 44, lines 40-4"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 55, lines 4-46","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/14-770_m64o.pdf","page_label":"file page 55, lines 4-46"}]},{"heading":"What each side says","paragraphs":["the sides that brought the case argue Congress has never enacted a statute limited to one specific pending case.","the opposing sides argue Congress may amend laws to apply to pending cases based on precedent."],"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 26, lines 16-4","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/14-770_m64o.pdf","page_label":"file page 26, lines 16-4"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 3, lines 20-32","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/14-770_m64o.pdf","page_label":"file page 3, lines 20-32"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 44, lines 40-4","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/14-770_m64o.pdf","page_label":"file page 44, lines 40-4"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 55, lines 4-46","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/14-770_m64o.pdf","page_label":"file page 55, lines 4-46"}]},{"heading":"What the justices asked","paragraphs":["Justice Kagan asked what would happen if Congress specified nineteen cases.","Justice Kennedy asked if the principle applies to nineteen cases or three unrelated cases."],"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 3, lines 34-40","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/14-770_m64o.pdf","page_label":"file page 3, lines 34-40"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 4, lines 14-16","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/14-770_m64o.pdf","page_label":"file page 4, lines 14-16"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 4, lines 4-6","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/14-770_m64o.pdf","page_label":"file page 4, lines 4-6"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 4, lines 40-44","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/14-770_m64o.pdf","page_label":"file page 4, lines 40-44"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 4, lines 52-6","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/14-770_m64o.pdf","page_label":"file page 4, lines 52-6"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 5, lines 12-18","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/14-770_m64o.pdf","page_label":"file page 5, lines 12-18"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 5, lines 32-34","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/14-770_m64o.pdf","page_label":"file page 5, lines 32-34"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 5, lines 44-46","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/14-770_m64o.pdf","page_label":"file page 5, lines 44-46"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 5, lines 52-8","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/14-770_m64o.pdf","page_label":"file page 5, lines 52-8"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 55, lines 48-1","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/14-770_m64o.pdf","page_label":"file page 55, lines 48-1"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 56, lines 40-48","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/14-770_m64o.pdf","page_label":"file page 56, lines 40-48"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 57, lines 46-50","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/14-770_m64o.pdf","page_label":"file page 57, lines 46-50"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 57, lines 8-30","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/14-770_m64o.pdf","page_label":"file page 57, lines 8-30"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 58, lines 24-26","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/14-770_m64o.pdf","page_label":"file page 58, lines 24-26"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 58, lines 34-36","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/14-770_m64o.pdf","page_label":"file page 58, lines 34-36"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 58, lines 42-44","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/14-770_m64o.pdf","page_label":"file page 58, lines 42-44"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 58, lines 8-8","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/14-770_m64o.pdf","page_label":"file page 58, lines 8-8"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 59, lines 20-22","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/14-770_m64o.pdf","page_label":"file page 59, lines 20-22"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 59, lines 46-4","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/14-770_m64o.pdf","page_label":"file page 59, lines 46-4"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 59, lines 8-10","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/14-770_m64o.pdf","page_label":"file page 59, lines 8-10"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 6, lines 20-38","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/14-770_m64o.pdf","page_label":"file page 6, lines 20-38"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 60, lines 8-12","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/14-770_m64o.pdf","page_label":"file page 60, lines 8-12"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 7, lines 8-34","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/14-770_m64o.pdf","page_label":"file page 7, lines 8-34"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 8, lines 12-14","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/14-770_m64o.pdf","page_label":"file page 8, lines 12-14"}]},{"heading":"Why it matters","paragraphs":["This case defines the limits of congressional power over pending litigation. It determines whether Congress can target specific lawsuits with new laws."],"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 26, lines 16-4","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/14-770_m64o.pdf","page_label":"file page 26, lines 16-4"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 3, lines 20-32","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/14-770_m64o.pdf","page_label":"file page 3, lines 20-32"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 44, lines 40-4","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/14-770_m64o.pdf","page_label":"file page 44, lines 40-4"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 55, lines 4-46","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/14-770_m64o.pdf","page_label":"file page 55, lines 4-46"}]},{"heading":"What happens next","paragraphs":["This article currently covers the argument record. Use the official docket link for later case activity."],"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 3, lines 34-40","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/14-770_m64o.pdf","page_label":"file page 3, lines 34-40"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 3, lines 8-18","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/14-770_m64o.pdf","page_label":"file page 3, lines 8-18"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 4, lines 14-16","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/14-770_m64o.pdf","page_label":"file page 4, lines 14-16"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 4, lines 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