{"argument_date":"2015-10-06T00:00:00Z","arguments":[{"argument_date":"2015-10-06T00:00:00Z","heading":"What happened at the argument","official_detail_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcript/2015","official_transcript_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/14-462_bi7b.pdf","paragraphs":["DirectV's counsel argued the lower court violated federal law.","Imburgia's counsel cited prior Supreme Court precedent on arbitration scope.","Justices questioned the role of state law in federal preemption."],"reargument":false,"sequence":1,"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 28, lines 16-6","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/14-462_bi7b.pdf","page_label":"file page 28, lines 16-6"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 3, lines 18-1","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/14-462_bi7b.pdf","page_label":"file page 3, lines 18-1"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 3, lines 8-16","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/14-462_bi7b.pdf","page_label":"file page 3, lines 8-16"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 4, lines 26-28","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/14-462_bi7b.pdf","page_label":"file page 4, lines 26-28"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 4, lines 4-16","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/14-462_bi7b.pdf","page_label":"file page 4, lines 4-16"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 4, lines 44-1","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/14-462_bi7b.pdf","page_label":"file page 4, lines 44-1"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 5, lines 12-16","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/14-462_bi7b.pdf","page_label":"file page 5, lines 12-16"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 5, lines 20-22","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/14-462_bi7b.pdf","page_label":"file page 5, lines 20-22"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 5, lines 50-10","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/14-462_bi7b.pdf","page_label":"file page 5, lines 50-10"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 5, lines 6-6","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/14-462_bi7b.pdf","page_label":"file page 5, lines 6-6"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 55, lines 8-1","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/14-462_bi7b.pdf","page_label":"file page 55, lines 8-1"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 56, lines 4-18","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/14-462_bi7b.pdf","page_label":"file page 56, lines 4-18"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 56, lines 44-46","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/14-462_bi7b.pdf","page_label":"file page 56, lines 44-46"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 57, lines 34-36","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/14-462_bi7b.pdf","page_label":"file page 57, lines 34-36"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 57, lines 4-6","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/14-462_bi7b.pdf","page_label":"file page 57, lines 4-6"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 57, lines 40-48","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/14-462_bi7b.pdf","page_label":"file page 57, lines 40-48"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 57, lines 52-6","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/14-462_bi7b.pdf","page_label":"file page 57, lines 52-6"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 6, lines 26-30","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/14-462_bi7b.pdf","page_label":"file page 6, lines 26-30"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 7, lines 20-44","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/14-462_bi7b.pdf","page_label":"file page 7, lines 20-44"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 7, lines 6-16","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/14-462_bi7b.pdf","page_label":"file page 7, lines 6-16"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 8, lines 46-8","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/14-462_bi7b.pdf","page_label":"file page 8, lines 46-8"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 9, lines 32-34","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/14-462_bi7b.pdf","page_label":"file page 9, lines 32-34"}]}],"caption":"Directv, Inc. v. Imburgia","case_history":[{"changed_at":"2026-08-29T20:06:34.083127Z","explanation":"An official oral-argument transcript was verified.","status":"argued"},{"changed_at":"2026-08-29T20:06:34.107336Z","explanation":"An official oral-argument transcript was verified.","status":"argued"}],"case_status":"argued","dek":"DirectV seeks to enforce an individual arbitration clause. Imburgia argues state law bars class arbitration.","dek_sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 28, lines 16-6","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/14-462_bi7b.pdf","page_label":"file page 28, lines 16-6"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 3, lines 18-1","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/14-462_bi7b.pdf","page_label":"file page 3, lines 18-1"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 55, lines 8-1","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/14-462_bi7b.pdf","page_label":"file page 55, lines 8-1"}],"dispositions":[],"latest_court_document_date":"2015-10-06T00:00:00Z","maturity":"official_transcript","official_detail_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcript/2015","official_disposition_urls":[],"official_docket_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/docket/docketfiles/html/public/14-462.html","primary_docket":"14-462","revisions":[{"correction_note":"Rewritten to the concise citizen-facing editorial standard.","created_at":"2026-08-30T19:31:20.163805Z","maturity":"official_transcript","revision_number":1},{"correction_note":"Migrated to the dated official Court activity contract without model use.","created_at":"2026-09-05T03:22:24Z","maturity":"official_transcript","revision_number":2}],"schema_version":"1.1","sections":[{"heading":"What this case is about","paragraphs":["DirectV wants a federal court to enforce its individual arbitration clause. Imburgia wants a state court to apply state law and allow class arbitration."],"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 28, lines 16-6","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/14-462_bi7b.pdf","page_label":"file page 28, lines 16-6"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 3, lines 18-1","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/14-462_bi7b.pdf","page_label":"file page 3, lines 18-1"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 55, lines 8-1","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/14-462_bi7b.pdf","page_label":"file page 55, lines 8-1"}]},{"heading":"How the case got here","paragraphs":["The Supreme Court heard oral argument in this case on October 6, 2015."],"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 3, lines 8-16","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/14-462_bi7b.pdf","page_label":"file page 3, lines 8-16"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 55, lines 8-1","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/14-462_bi7b.pdf","page_label":"file page 55, lines 8-1"}]},{"heading":"What each side wants","paragraphs":["DirectV wants the Court to enforce the individual arbitration clause.","Imburgia wants the Court to uphold the state court's interpretation."],"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 28, lines 16-6","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/14-462_bi7b.pdf","page_label":"file page 28, lines 16-6"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 3, lines 18-1","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/14-462_bi7b.pdf","page_label":"file page 3, lines 18-1"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 55, lines 8-1","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/14-462_bi7b.pdf","page_label":"file page 55, lines 8-1"}]},{"heading":"What each side says","paragraphs":["DirectV argues the Federal Arbitration Act requires enforcing the clause.","Imburgia argues state contract law controls the interpretation."],"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 28, lines 16-6","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/14-462_bi7b.pdf","page_label":"file page 28, lines 16-6"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 3, lines 18-1","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/14-462_bi7b.pdf","page_label":"file page 3, lines 18-1"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 55, lines 8-1","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/14-462_bi7b.pdf","page_label":"file page 55, lines 8-1"}]},{"heading":"What the justices asked","paragraphs":["Justice Alito asked if federal law applies to scope disputes.","Justice Sotomayor asked which contract principle disfavors arbitration."],"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 4, lines 26-28","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/14-462_bi7b.pdf","page_label":"file page 4, lines 26-28"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 4, lines 4-16","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/14-462_bi7b.pdf","page_label":"file page 4, lines 4-16"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 4, lines 44-1","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/14-462_bi7b.pdf","page_label":"file page 4, lines 44-1"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 5, lines 12-16","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/14-462_bi7b.pdf","page_label":"file page 5, lines 12-16"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 5, lines 20-22","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/14-462_bi7b.pdf","page_label":"file page 5, lines 20-22"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 5, lines 50-10","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/14-462_bi7b.pdf","page_label":"file page 5, lines 50-10"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 5, lines 6-6","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/14-462_bi7b.pdf","page_label":"file page 5, lines 6-6"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 56, lines 4-18","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/14-462_bi7b.pdf","page_label":"file page 56, lines 4-18"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 56, lines 44-46","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/14-462_bi7b.pdf","page_label":"file page 56, lines 44-46"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 57, lines 34-36","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/14-462_bi7b.pdf","page_label":"file page 57, lines 34-36"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 57, lines 4-6","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/14-462_bi7b.pdf","page_label":"file page 57, lines 4-6"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 57, lines 40-48","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/14-462_bi7b.pdf","page_label":"file page 57, lines 40-48"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 57, lines 52-6","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/14-462_bi7b.pdf","page_label":"file page 57, lines 52-6"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 6, lines 26-30","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/14-462_bi7b.pdf","page_label":"file page 6, lines 26-30"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 7, lines 20-44","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/14-462_bi7b.pdf","page_label":"file page 7, lines 20-44"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 7, lines 6-16","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/14-462_bi7b.pdf","page_label":"file page 7, lines 6-16"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 8, lines 46-8","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/14-462_bi7b.pdf","page_label":"file page 8, lines 46-8"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 9, lines 32-34","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/14-462_bi7b.pdf","page_label":"file page 9, lines 32-34"}]},{"heading":"Why it matters","paragraphs":["This case defines the boundary between state and federal contract law. It determines how courts interpret arbitration clauses. It affects consumer rights in class actions. It shapes the enforceability of arbitration agreements nationwide."],"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 28, lines 16-6","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/14-462_bi7b.pdf","page_label":"file page 28, lines 16-6"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 3, lines 18-1","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/14-462_bi7b.pdf","page_label":"file page 3, lines 18-1"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 55, lines 8-1","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/14-462_bi7b.pdf","page_label":"file page 55, lines 8-1"}]},{"heading":"What happens next","paragraphs":["This article currently covers the argument record. Use the official docket link for later case activity."],"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 3, lines 8-16","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/14-462_bi7b.pdf","page_label":"file page 3, lines 8-16"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 4, lines 26-28","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/14-462_bi7b.pdf","page_label":"file page 4, lines 26-28"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 4, lines 4-16","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/14-462_bi7b.pdf","page_label":"file page 4, lines 4-16"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 4, lines 44-1","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/14-462_bi7b.pdf","page_label":"file page 4, lines 44-1"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 5, lines 12-16","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/14-462_bi7b.pdf","page_label":"file page 5, lines 12-16"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 5, lines 20-22","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/14-462_bi7b.pdf","page_label":"file page 5, lines 20-22"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 5, lines 50-10","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/14-462_bi7b.pdf","page_label":"file page 5, lines 50-10"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 5, lines 6-6","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/14-462_bi7b.pdf","page_label":"file page 5, lines 6-6"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 55, lines 8-1","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/14-462_bi7b.pdf","page_label":"file page 55, lines 8-1"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 56, lines 4-18","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/14-462_bi7b.pdf","page_label":"file page 56, lines 4-18"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 56, lines 44-46","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/14-462_bi7b.pdf","page_label":"file page 56, lines 44-46"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 57, lines 34-36","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/14-462_bi7b.pdf","page_label":"file page 57, lines 34-36"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 57, lines 4-6","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/14-462_bi7b.pdf","page_label":"file page 57, lines 4-6"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 57, lines 40-48","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/14-462_bi7b.pdf","page_label":"file page 57, lines 40-48"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 57, lines 52-6","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/14-462_bi7b.pdf","page_label":"file page 57, lines 52-6"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 6, lines 26-30","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/14-462_bi7b.pdf","page_label":"file page 6, lines 26-30"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 7, lines 20-44","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/14-462_bi7b.pdf","page_label":"file page 7, lines 20-44"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 7, lines 6-16","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/14-462_bi7b.pdf","page_label":"file page 7, lines 6-16"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 8, lines 46-8","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/14-462_bi7b.pdf","page_label":"file page 8, lines 46-8"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 9, lines 32-34","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/14-462_bi7b.pdf","page_label":"file page 9, lines 32-34"}]}],"slug":"2015-14-462-directv-inc-v-imburgia","term":"2015","title":"Does Federal Law Override State Court Interpretation of Arbitration Clauses?","title_sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 28, lines 16-6","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/14-462_bi7b.pdf","page_label":"file page 28, lines 16-6"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 3, lines 18-1","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/14-462_bi7b.pdf","page_label":"file page 3, lines 18-1"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 55, lines 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