{"argument_date":"2015-12-08T00:00:00Z","arguments":[{"argument_date":"2015-12-08T00:00:00Z","heading":"What happened at the argument","official_detail_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcript/2015","official_transcript_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/14-232_9p6b.pdf","paragraphs":["Appellants argue the map violates equal protection.","The state argues the variance is constitutionally permitted.","The state claims Voting Rights Act compliance explains the design."],"reargument":false,"sequence":1,"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 11, lines 12-18","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/14-232_9p6b.pdf","page_label":"file page 11, lines 12-18"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 11, lines 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16-26","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/14-232_9p6b.pdf","page_label":"file page 5, lines 16-26"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 5, lines 40-14","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/14-232_9p6b.pdf","page_label":"file page 5, lines 40-14"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 58, lines 26-32","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/14-232_9p6b.pdf","page_label":"file page 58, lines 26-32"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 58, lines 4-18","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/14-232_9p6b.pdf","page_label":"file page 58, lines 4-18"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 59, lines 46-1","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/14-232_9p6b.pdf","page_label":"file page 59, lines 46-1"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 59, lines 8-14","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/14-232_9p6b.pdf","page_label":"file page 59, lines 8-14"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 6, lines 36-1","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/14-232_9p6b.pdf","page_label":"file page 6, lines 36-1"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 60, lines 46-50","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/14-232_9p6b.pdf","page_label":"file page 60, lines 46-50"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 61, lines 30-34","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/14-232_9p6b.pdf","page_label":"file page 61, lines 30-34"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 61, lines 38-48","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/14-232_9p6b.pdf","page_label":"file page 61, lines 38-48"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 62, lines 14-16","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/14-232_9p6b.pdf","page_label":"file page 62, lines 14-16"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 7, lines 28-42","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/14-232_9p6b.pdf","page_label":"file page 7, lines 28-42"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 8, lines 34-48","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/14-232_9p6b.pdf","page_label":"file page 8, lines 34-48"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 9, lines 14-22","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/14-232_9p6b.pdf","page_label":"file page 9, lines 14-22"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 9, lines 32-34","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/14-232_9p6b.pdf","page_label":"file page 9, lines 32-34"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 9, lines 38-40","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/14-232_9p6b.pdf","page_label":"file page 9, lines 38-40"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 9, lines 8-10","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/14-232_9p6b.pdf","page_label":"file page 9, lines 8-10"}]}],"caption":"Harris v. Arizona Independent Redistricting Comm'n","case_history":[{"changed_at":"2026-08-29T20:06:22.759009Z","explanation":"An official oral-argument transcript was verified.","status":"argued"},{"changed_at":"2026-08-29T20:06:22.771029Z","explanation":"An official oral-argument transcript was verified.","status":"argued"}],"case_status":"argued","dek":"Appellants argue the Arizona map violates equal protection. The state argues Voting Rights Act compliance justifies the variance.","dek_sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 18, lines 42-18","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/14-232_9p6b.pdf","page_label":"file page 18, lines 42-18"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 20, lines 36-44","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/14-232_9p6b.pdf","page_label":"file page 20, lines 36-44"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 28, lines 38-48","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/14-232_9p6b.pdf","page_label":"file page 28, lines 38-48"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 4, lines 20-12","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/14-232_9p6b.pdf","page_label":"file page 4, lines 20-12"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 46, lines 26-18","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/14-232_9p6b.pdf","page_label":"file page 46, lines 26-18"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 58, lines 4-18","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/14-232_9p6b.pdf","page_label":"file page 58, lines 4-18"}],"dispositions":[],"latest_court_document_date":"2015-12-08T00:00:00Z","maturity":"official_transcript","official_detail_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcript/2015","official_disposition_urls":[],"official_docket_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/docket/docketfiles/html/public/14-232.html","primary_docket":"14-232","revisions":[{"correction_note":"Rewritten to the concise citizen-facing editorial standard.","created_at":"2026-08-30T19:10:51.654789Z","maturity":"official_transcript","revision_number":1},{"correction_note":"Migrated to the dated official Court activity contract without model use.","created_at":"2026-09-05T03:22:24Z","maturity":"official_transcript","revision_number":2}],"schema_version":"1.1","sections":[{"heading":"What this case is about","paragraphs":["Appellants want the Court to strike down the Arizona map. They claim unequal populations violate the Equal Protection Clause. The state wants the map to stand. It argues the variance serves a valid federal purpose."],"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 18, lines 42-18","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/14-232_9p6b.pdf","page_label":"file page 18, lines 42-18"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 20, lines 36-44","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/14-232_9p6b.pdf","page_label":"file page 20, lines 36-44"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 28, lines 38-48","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/14-232_9p6b.pdf","page_label":"file page 28, lines 38-48"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 4, lines 20-12","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/14-232_9p6b.pdf","page_label":"file page 4, lines 20-12"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 46, lines 26-18","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/14-232_9p6b.pdf","page_label":"file page 46, lines 26-18"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 58, lines 4-18","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/14-232_9p6b.pdf","page_label":"file page 58, lines 4-18"}]},{"heading":"How the case got here","paragraphs":["The Supreme Court heard oral argument in this case on December 8, 2015."],"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 4, lines 8-18","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/14-232_9p6b.pdf","page_label":"file page 4, lines 8-18"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 62, lines 14-16","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/14-232_9p6b.pdf","page_label":"file page 62, lines 14-16"}]},{"heading":"What each side wants","paragraphs":["Appellants want the Court to invalidate the Arizona map.","The state wants the Court to uphold the Arizona map."],"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 18, lines 42-18","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/14-232_9p6b.pdf","page_label":"file page 18, lines 42-18"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 20, lines 36-44","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/14-232_9p6b.pdf","page_label":"file page 20, lines 36-44"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 28, lines 38-48","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/14-232_9p6b.pdf","page_label":"file page 28, lines 38-48"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 4, lines 20-12","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/14-232_9p6b.pdf","page_label":"file page 4, lines 20-12"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 46, lines 26-18","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/14-232_9p6b.pdf","page_label":"file page 46, lines 26-18"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 58, lines 4-18","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/14-232_9p6b.pdf","page_label":"file page 58, lines 4-18"}]},{"heading":"What each side says","paragraphs":["Appellants argue unequal populations violate the Equal Protection Clause.","The state argues de minimis deviations are permitted by the Constitution."],"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 18, lines 42-18","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/14-232_9p6b.pdf","page_label":"file page 18, lines 42-18"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 20, lines 36-44","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/14-232_9p6b.pdf","page_label":"file page 20, lines 36-44"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 28, lines 38-48","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/14-232_9p6b.pdf","page_label":"file page 28, lines 38-48"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 4, lines 20-12","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/14-232_9p6b.pdf","page_label":"file page 4, lines 20-12"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 46, lines 26-18","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/14-232_9p6b.pdf","page_label":"file page 46, lines 26-18"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 58, lines 4-18","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/14-232_9p6b.pdf","page_label":"file page 58, lines 4-18"}]},{"heading":"What the justices asked","paragraphs":["Justice Kagan asked if appellants contest the predominant motive finding.","Justice Kennedy asked if appellants want to overturn the factual finding."],"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 11, lines 12-18","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/14-232_9p6b.pdf","page_label":"file page 11, lines 12-18"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 11, lines 36-44","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/14-232_9p6b.pdf","page_label":"file page 11, lines 36-44"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 11, lines 52-4","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/14-232_9p6b.pdf","page_label":"file page 11, lines 52-4"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 5, lines 16-26","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/14-232_9p6b.pdf","page_label":"file page 5, lines 16-26"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 5, lines 40-14","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/14-232_9p6b.pdf","page_label":"file page 5, lines 40-14"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 58, lines 26-32","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/14-232_9p6b.pdf","page_label":"file page 58, lines 26-32"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 59, lines 46-1","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/14-232_9p6b.pdf","page_label":"file page 59, lines 46-1"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 59, lines 8-14","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/14-232_9p6b.pdf","page_label":"file page 59, lines 8-14"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 6, lines 36-1","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/14-232_9p6b.pdf","page_label":"file page 6, lines 36-1"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 60, lines 46-50","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/14-232_9p6b.pdf","page_label":"file page 60, lines 46-50"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 61, lines 30-34","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/14-232_9p6b.pdf","page_label":"file page 61, lines 30-34"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 61, lines 38-48","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/14-232_9p6b.pdf","page_label":"file page 61, lines 38-48"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 62, lines 14-16","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/14-232_9p6b.pdf","page_label":"file page 62, lines 14-16"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 7, lines 28-42","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/14-232_9p6b.pdf","page_label":"file page 7, lines 28-42"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 8, lines 34-48","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/14-232_9p6b.pdf","page_label":"file page 8, lines 34-48"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 9, lines 14-22","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/14-232_9p6b.pdf","page_label":"file page 9, lines 14-22"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 9, lines 32-34","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/14-232_9p6b.pdf","page_label":"file page 9, lines 32-34"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 9, lines 38-40","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/14-232_9p6b.pdf","page_label":"file page 9, lines 38-40"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 9, lines 8-10","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/14-232_9p6b.pdf","page_label":"file page 9, lines 8-10"}]},{"heading":"Why it matters","paragraphs":["This case defines the limits of population equality in redistricting. It determines whether states can deviate from perfect equality. The outcome shapes how states draw legislative districts."],"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 18, lines 42-18","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/14-232_9p6b.pdf","page_label":"file page 18, lines 42-18"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 20, lines 36-44","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/14-232_9p6b.pdf","page_label":"file page 20, lines 36-44"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 28, lines 38-48","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/14-232_9p6b.pdf","page_label":"file page 28, lines 38-48"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 4, lines 20-12","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/14-232_9p6b.pdf","page_label":"file page 4, lines 20-12"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 46, lines 26-18","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/14-232_9p6b.pdf","page_label":"file page 46, lines 26-18"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 58, lines 4-18","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/14-232_9p6b.pdf","page_label":"file page 58, lines 4-18"}]},{"heading":"What happens next","paragraphs":["This article currently covers the argument record. Use the official docket link for later case activity."],"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 11, lines 12-18","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/14-232_9p6b.pdf","page_label":"file page 11, lines 12-18"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 11, lines 36-44","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/14-232_9p6b.pdf","page_label":"file page 11, lines 36-44"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 11, lines 52-4","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/14-232_9p6b.pdf","page_label":"file page 11, lines 52-4"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 4, lines 8-18","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/14-232_9p6b.pdf","page_label":"file page 4, lines 8-18"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 5, lines 16-26","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/14-232_9p6b.pdf","page_label":"file page 5, lines 16-26"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 5, lines 40-14","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/14-232_9p6b.pdf","page_label":"file page 5, lines 40-14"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 58, lines 26-32","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/14-232_9p6b.pdf","page_label":"file page 58, lines 26-32"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 59, lines 46-1","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/14-232_9p6b.pdf","page_label":"file page 59, lines 46-1"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 59, lines 8-14","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/14-232_9p6b.pdf","page_label":"file page 59, lines 8-14"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 6, lines 36-1","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/14-232_9p6b.pdf","page_label":"file page 6, lines 36-1"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 60, lines 46-50","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2015/14-232_9p6b.pdf","page_label":"file page 60, lines 46-50"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 61, lines 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