{"argument_date":"2014-12-02T00:00:00Z","arguments":[{"argument_date":"2014-12-02T00:00:00Z","heading":"What happened at the argument","official_detail_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcript/2014","official_transcript_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2014/13-9026_6kg7.pdf","paragraphs":["the side that brought the case's counsel stated the provision targets extreme conduct.","Government counsel argued the statute prescribes greater punishment for forced accompaniment.","justice_sotomayor_asked_where_de_minimis_applies","justice_scalia_noted_congressional_intent_matters"],"reargument":false,"sequence":1,"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 27, lines 32-18","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2014/13-9026_6kg7.pdf","page_label":"file page 27, lines 32-18"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 3, lines 20-46","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2014/13-9026_6kg7.pdf","page_label":"file page 3, lines 20-46"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 3, lines 48-50","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2014/13-9026_6kg7.pdf","page_label":"file page 3, lines 48-50"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 3, lines 8-18","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2014/13-9026_6kg7.pdf","page_label":"file page 3, lines 8-18"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 4, lines 22-26","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2014/13-9026_6kg7.pdf","page_label":"file page 4, lines 22-26"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 4, lines 42-4","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2014/13-9026_6kg7.pdf","page_label":"file page 4, lines 42-4"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 4, lines 6-12","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2014/13-9026_6kg7.pdf","page_label":"file page 4, lines 6-12"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 5, lines 26-34","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2014/13-9026_6kg7.pdf","page_label":"file page 5, lines 26-34"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 5, lines 38-44","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2014/13-9026_6kg7.pdf","page_label":"file page 5, lines 38-44"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 53, lines 18-50","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2014/13-9026_6kg7.pdf","page_label":"file page 53, lines 18-50"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 55, lines 52-5","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2014/13-9026_6kg7.pdf","page_label":"file page 55, lines 52-5"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 6, lines 22-26","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2014/13-9026_6kg7.pdf","page_label":"file page 6, lines 22-26"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 6, lines 34-42","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2014/13-9026_6kg7.pdf","page_label":"file page 6, lines 34-42"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 7, lines 10-16","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2014/13-9026_6kg7.pdf","page_label":"file page 7, lines 10-16"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 7, lines 24-26","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2014/13-9026_6kg7.pdf","page_label":"file page 7, lines 24-26"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 7, lines 36-36","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2014/13-9026_6kg7.pdf","page_label":"file page 7, lines 36-36"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 7, lines 46-48","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2014/13-9026_6kg7.pdf","page_label":"file page 7, lines 46-48"}]}],"caption":"Whitfield v. United States","case_history":[{"changed_at":"2026-08-29T20:06:23.495180Z","explanation":"An official oral-argument transcript was verified.","status":"argued"},{"changed_at":"2026-08-29T20:06:23.527971Z","explanation":"An official oral-argument transcript was verified.","status":"argued"}],"case_status":"argued","dek":"the side that brought the case argues the statute requires significant movement. The government says any forced movement counts.","dek_sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 27, lines 32-18","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2014/13-9026_6kg7.pdf","page_label":"file page 27, lines 32-18"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 3, lines 20-46","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2014/13-9026_6kg7.pdf","page_label":"file page 3, lines 20-46"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 53, lines 18-50","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2014/13-9026_6kg7.pdf","page_label":"file page 53, lines 18-50"}],"dispositions":[],"latest_court_document_date":"2014-12-02T00:00:00Z","maturity":"official_transcript","official_detail_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcript/2014","official_disposition_urls":[],"official_docket_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/docket/docketfiles/html/public/13-9026.html","primary_docket":"13-9026","revisions":[{"correction_note":"Rewritten to the concise citizen-facing editorial standard.","created_at":"2026-08-30T20:09:04.417617Z","maturity":"official_transcript","revision_number":1},{"correction_note":"Migrated to the dated official Court activity contract without model use.","created_at":"2026-09-05T03:22:24Z","maturity":"official_transcript","revision_number":2}],"schema_version":"1.1","sections":[{"heading":"What this case is about","paragraphs":["The case tests the meaning of forced accompaniment in federal bank robbery law."],"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 27, lines 32-18","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2014/13-9026_6kg7.pdf","page_label":"file page 27, lines 32-18"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 3, lines 20-46","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2014/13-9026_6kg7.pdf","page_label":"file page 3, lines 20-46"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 53, lines 18-50","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2014/13-9026_6kg7.pdf","page_label":"file page 53, lines 18-50"}]},{"heading":"How the case got here","paragraphs":["The Supreme Court heard oral argument in this case on December 2, 2014."],"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 3, lines 8-18","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2014/13-9026_6kg7.pdf","page_label":"file page 3, lines 8-18"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 55, lines 52-5","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2014/13-9026_6kg7.pdf","page_label":"file page 55, lines 52-5"}]},{"heading":"What each side wants","paragraphs":["the side that brought the case wants the enhancement removed for minor movement.","The government wants the enhancement applied to any movement."],"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 27, lines 32-18","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2014/13-9026_6kg7.pdf","page_label":"file page 27, lines 32-18"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 3, lines 20-46","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2014/13-9026_6kg7.pdf","page_label":"file page 3, lines 20-46"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 53, lines 18-50","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2014/13-9026_6kg7.pdf","page_label":"file page 53, lines 18-50"}]},{"heading":"What each side says","paragraphs":["the side that brought the case argues the statute targets extreme conduct like murder.","The government argues the text covers any forced accompaniment."],"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 27, lines 32-18","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2014/13-9026_6kg7.pdf","page_label":"file page 27, lines 32-18"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 3, lines 20-46","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2014/13-9026_6kg7.pdf","page_label":"file page 3, lines 20-46"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 53, lines 18-50","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2014/13-9026_6kg7.pdf","page_label":"file page 53, lines 18-50"}]},{"heading":"What the justices asked","paragraphs":["Justice Sotomayor asked how much distance qualifies as accompaniment.","Justice Scalia questioned whether a spatial component exists in the law."],"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 3, lines 48-50","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2014/13-9026_6kg7.pdf","page_label":"file page 3, lines 48-50"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 4, lines 22-26","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2014/13-9026_6kg7.pdf","page_label":"file page 4, lines 22-26"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 4, lines 42-4","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2014/13-9026_6kg7.pdf","page_label":"file page 4, lines 42-4"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 4, lines 6-12","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2014/13-9026_6kg7.pdf","page_label":"file page 4, lines 6-12"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 5, lines 26-34","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2014/13-9026_6kg7.pdf","page_label":"file page 5, lines 26-34"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 5, lines 38-44","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2014/13-9026_6kg7.pdf","page_label":"file page 5, lines 38-44"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 55, lines 52-5","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2014/13-9026_6kg7.pdf","page_label":"file page 55, lines 52-5"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 6, lines 22-26","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2014/13-9026_6kg7.pdf","page_label":"file page 6, lines 22-26"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 6, lines 34-42","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2014/13-9026_6kg7.pdf","page_label":"file page 6, lines 34-42"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 7, lines 10-16","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2014/13-9026_6kg7.pdf","page_label":"file page 7, lines 10-16"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 7, lines 24-26","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2014/13-9026_6kg7.pdf","page_label":"file page 7, lines 24-26"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 7, lines 36-36","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2014/13-9026_6kg7.pdf","page_label":"file page 7, lines 36-36"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 7, lines 46-48","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2014/13-9026_6kg7.pdf","page_label":"file page 7, lines 46-48"}]},{"heading":"Why it matters","paragraphs":["The ruling defines the threshold for enhanced bank robbery penalties."],"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 27, lines 32-18","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2014/13-9026_6kg7.pdf","page_label":"file page 27, lines 32-18"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 3, lines 20-46","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2014/13-9026_6kg7.pdf","page_label":"file page 3, lines 20-46"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 53, lines 18-50","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2014/13-9026_6kg7.pdf","page_label":"file page 53, lines 18-50"}]},{"heading":"What happens next","paragraphs":["This article currently covers the argument record. Use the official docket link for later case activity."],"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 3, lines 48-50","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2014/13-9026_6kg7.pdf","page_label":"file page 3, lines 48-50"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 3, lines 8-18","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2014/13-9026_6kg7.pdf","page_label":"file page 3, lines 8-18"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 4, lines 22-26","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2014/13-9026_6kg7.pdf","page_label":"file page 4, lines 22-26"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 4, lines 42-4","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2014/13-9026_6kg7.pdf","page_label":"file page 4, lines 42-4"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 4, lines 6-12","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2014/13-9026_6kg7.pdf","page_label":"file page 4, lines 6-12"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 5, lines 26-34","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2014/13-9026_6kg7.pdf","page_label":"file page 5, lines 26-34"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 5, lines 38-44","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2014/13-9026_6kg7.pdf","page_label":"file page 5, lines 38-44"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 55, lines 52-5","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2014/13-9026_6kg7.pdf","page_label":"file page 55, lines 52-5"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 6, lines 22-26","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2014/13-9026_6kg7.pdf","page_label":"file page 6, lines 22-26"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 6, lines 34-42","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2014/13-9026_6kg7.pdf","page_label":"file page 6, lines 34-42"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 7, lines 10-16","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2014/13-9026_6kg7.pdf","page_label":"file page 7, lines 10-16"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 7, lines 24-26","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2014/13-9026_6kg7.pdf","page_label":"file page 7, lines 24-26"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 7, lines 36-36","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2014/13-9026_6kg7.pdf","page_label":"file page 7, lines 36-36"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 7, lines 46-48","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2014/13-9026_6kg7.pdf","page_label":"file page 7, lines 46-48"}]}],"slug":"2014-13-9026-whitfield-v-united-states","term":"2014","title":"Does forcing a victim to walk a few feet trigger a bank robbery enhancement?","title_sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 27, lines 32-18","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2014/13-9026_6kg7.pdf","page_label":"file page 27, lines 32-18"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 3, lines 20-46","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2014/13-9026_6kg7.pdf","page_label":"file page 3, lines 20-46"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 53, lines 18-50","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2014/13-9026_6kg7.pdf","page_label":"file page 53, lines 18-50"}],"topics":[],"undated_disposition_date_fallback":null,"updated_at":"2026-09-05T03:22:24Z"}