{"argument_date":"2015-01-21T00:00:00Z","arguments":[{"argument_date":"2015-01-21T00:00:00Z","heading":"What happened at the argument","official_detail_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcript/2014","official_transcript_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2014/13-1371_1p24.pdf","paragraphs":["Texas argues the Fair Housing Act requires proof of intent.","Inclusive Communities argues the law bans policies with unequal effects.","Justice Kagan questioned the statutory language regarding adverse effects.","Justice Ginsburg asked about the congressional goal of ending discrimination."],"reargument":false,"sequence":1,"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 10, lines 3-21","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2014/13-1371_1p24.pdf","page_label":"file page 10, lines 3-21"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 10, lines 37-37","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2014/13-1371_1p24.pdf","page_label":"file page 10, lines 37-37"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 11, lines 9-27","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2014/13-1371_1p24.pdf","page_label":"file page 11, lines 9-27"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 25, lines 34-44","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2014/13-1371_1p24.pdf","page_label":"file page 25, lines 34-44"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 3, lines 21-43","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2014/13-1371_1p24.pdf","page_label":"file page 3, lines 21-43"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 3, lines 7-19","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2014/13-1371_1p24.pdf","page_label":"file page 3, lines 7-19"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 37, lines 39-23","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2014/13-1371_1p24.pdf","page_label":"file page 37, lines 39-23"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 4, lines 31-35","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2014/13-1371_1p24.pdf","page_label":"file page 4, lines 31-35"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 5, lines 15-21","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2014/13-1371_1p24.pdf","page_label":"file page 5, lines 15-21"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 5, lines 25-31","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2014/13-1371_1p24.pdf","page_label":"file page 5, lines 25-31"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 5, lines 47-3","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2014/13-1371_1p24.pdf","page_label":"file page 5, lines 47-3"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 51, lines 9-15","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2014/13-1371_1p24.pdf","page_label":"file page 51, lines 9-15"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 6, lines 21-41","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2014/13-1371_1p24.pdf","page_label":"file page 6, lines 21-41"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 7, lines 17-33","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2014/13-1371_1p24.pdf","page_label":"file page 7, lines 17-33"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 7, lines 37-9","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2014/13-1371_1p24.pdf","page_label":"file page 7, lines 37-9"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 8, lines 31-41","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2014/13-1371_1p24.pdf","page_label":"file page 8, lines 31-41"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 9, lines 19-49","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2014/13-1371_1p24.pdf","page_label":"file page 9, lines 19-49"}]}],"caption":"Texas Dept. of Housing and Community Affairs v. Inclusive Communities Project, Inc.","case_history":[{"changed_at":"2026-08-29T20:06:23.432710Z","explanation":"An official oral-argument transcript was verified.","status":"argued"}],"case_status":"argued","dek":"Texas argues the law targets only intent. Inclusive Communities argues it bans unequal outcomes.","dek_sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 25, lines 34-44","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2014/13-1371_1p24.pdf","page_label":"file page 25, lines 34-44"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 3, lines 21-43","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2014/13-1371_1p24.pdf","page_label":"file page 3, lines 21-43"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 37, lines 39-23","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2014/13-1371_1p24.pdf","page_label":"file page 37, lines 39-23"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 51, lines 9-15","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2014/13-1371_1p24.pdf","page_label":"file page 51, lines 9-15"}],"dispositions":[],"latest_court_document_date":"2015-01-21T00:00:00Z","maturity":"official_transcript","official_detail_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcript/2014","official_disposition_urls":[],"official_docket_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/docket/docketfiles/html/public/13-1371.html","primary_docket":"13-1371","revisions":[{"correction_note":"Rewritten to the concise citizen-facing editorial standard.","created_at":"2026-08-30T19:58:34.632547Z","maturity":"official_transcript","revision_number":1},{"correction_note":"Migrated to the dated official Court activity contract without model use.","created_at":"2026-09-05T03:22:24Z","maturity":"official_transcript","revision_number":2}],"schema_version":"1.1","sections":[{"heading":"What this case is about","paragraphs":["The dispute centers on the Fair Housing Act. Texas claims the statute requires proof of intent. Inclusive Communities claims the statute covers disparate impact."],"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 25, lines 34-44","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2014/13-1371_1p24.pdf","page_label":"file page 25, lines 34-44"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 3, lines 21-43","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2014/13-1371_1p24.pdf","page_label":"file page 3, lines 21-43"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 37, lines 39-23","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2014/13-1371_1p24.pdf","page_label":"file page 37, lines 39-23"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 51, lines 9-15","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2014/13-1371_1p24.pdf","page_label":"file page 51, lines 9-15"}]},{"heading":"How the case got here","paragraphs":["The Supreme Court heard oral argument in this case on January 21, 2015."],"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 3, lines 7-19","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2014/13-1371_1p24.pdf","page_label":"file page 3, lines 7-19"}]},{"heading":"What each side wants","paragraphs":["Texas wants the Court to limit the law to intentional discrimination.","Inclusive Communities wants the Court to uphold liability for unequal effects."],"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 25, lines 34-44","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2014/13-1371_1p24.pdf","page_label":"file page 25, lines 34-44"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 3, lines 21-43","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2014/13-1371_1p24.pdf","page_label":"file page 3, lines 21-43"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 37, lines 39-23","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2014/13-1371_1p24.pdf","page_label":"file page 37, lines 39-23"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 51, lines 9-15","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2014/13-1371_1p24.pdf","page_label":"file page 51, lines 9-15"}]},{"heading":"What each side says","paragraphs":["Texas argues the statutory text lacks effects-based language.","Inclusive Communities argues the exemptions presuppose disparate impact liability."],"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 25, lines 34-44","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2014/13-1371_1p24.pdf","page_label":"file page 25, lines 34-44"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 3, lines 21-43","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2014/13-1371_1p24.pdf","page_label":"file page 3, lines 21-43"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 37, lines 39-23","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2014/13-1371_1p24.pdf","page_label":"file page 37, lines 39-23"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 51, lines 9-15","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2014/13-1371_1p24.pdf","page_label":"file page 51, lines 9-15"}]},{"heading":"What the justices asked","paragraphs":["Justice Scalia asked if a specific point appeared in the brief.","Justice Kagan questioned the distinction between statutory phrasing and legal effect."],"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 10, lines 3-21","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2014/13-1371_1p24.pdf","page_label":"file page 10, lines 3-21"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 10, lines 37-37","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2014/13-1371_1p24.pdf","page_label":"file page 10, lines 37-37"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 11, lines 9-27","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2014/13-1371_1p24.pdf","page_label":"file page 11, lines 9-27"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 4, lines 31-35","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2014/13-1371_1p24.pdf","page_label":"file page 4, lines 31-35"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 5, lines 15-21","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2014/13-1371_1p24.pdf","page_label":"file page 5, lines 15-21"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 5, lines 25-31","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2014/13-1371_1p24.pdf","page_label":"file page 5, lines 25-31"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 5, lines 47-3","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2014/13-1371_1p24.pdf","page_label":"file page 5, lines 47-3"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 6, lines 21-41","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2014/13-1371_1p24.pdf","page_label":"file page 6, lines 21-41"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 7, lines 17-33","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2014/13-1371_1p24.pdf","page_label":"file page 7, lines 17-33"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 7, lines 37-9","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2014/13-1371_1p24.pdf","page_label":"file page 7, lines 37-9"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 8, lines 31-41","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2014/13-1371_1p24.pdf","page_label":"file page 8, lines 31-41"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 9, lines 19-49","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2014/13-1371_1p24.pdf","page_label":"file page 9, lines 19-49"}]},{"heading":"Why it matters","paragraphs":["This case defines the scope of federal fair housing protections. It determines whether policies with unequal racial outcomes violate the law. The outcome shapes housing policy nationwide."],"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 25, lines 34-44","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2014/13-1371_1p24.pdf","page_label":"file page 25, lines 34-44"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 3, lines 21-43","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2014/13-1371_1p24.pdf","page_label":"file page 3, lines 21-43"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 37, lines 39-23","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2014/13-1371_1p24.pdf","page_label":"file page 37, lines 39-23"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 51, lines 9-15","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2014/13-1371_1p24.pdf","page_label":"file page 51, lines 9-15"}]},{"heading":"What happens next","paragraphs":["This article currently covers the argument record. Use the official docket link for later case activity."],"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 10, lines 3-21","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2014/13-1371_1p24.pdf","page_label":"file page 10, lines 3-21"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 10, lines 37-37","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2014/13-1371_1p24.pdf","page_label":"file page 10, lines 37-37"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 11, lines 9-27","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2014/13-1371_1p24.pdf","page_label":"file page 11, lines 9-27"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 3, lines 7-19","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2014/13-1371_1p24.pdf","page_label":"file page 3, lines 7-19"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 4, lines 31-35","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2014/13-1371_1p24.pdf","page_label":"file page 4, lines 31-35"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 5, lines 15-21","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2014/13-1371_1p24.pdf","page_label":"file page 5, lines 15-21"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 5, lines 25-31","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2014/13-1371_1p24.pdf","page_label":"file page 5, lines 25-31"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 5, lines 47-3","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2014/13-1371_1p24.pdf","page_label":"file page 5, lines 47-3"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 6, lines 21-41","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2014/13-1371_1p24.pdf","page_label":"file page 6, lines 21-41"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 7, lines 17-33","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2014/13-1371_1p24.pdf","page_label":"file page 7, lines 17-33"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 7, lines 37-9","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2014/13-1371_1p24.pdf","page_label":"file page 7, lines 37-9"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 8, lines 31-41","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2014/13-1371_1p24.pdf","page_label":"file page 8, lines 31-41"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 9, lines 19-49","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2014/13-1371_1p24.pdf","page_label":"file page 9, lines 19-49"}]}],"slug":"2014-13-1371-texas-dept-of-housing-and-community-affairs-v-inclusive-communities-project-inc","term":"2014","title":"Does the Fair Housing Act ban policies with unequal racial effects?","title_sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 25, lines 34-44","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2014/13-1371_1p24.pdf","page_label":"file page 25, lines 34-44"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 3, lines 21-43","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2014/13-1371_1p24.pdf","page_label":"file page 3, lines 21-43"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 37, lines 39-23","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2014/13-1371_1p24.pdf","page_label":"file page 37, lines 39-23"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 51, lines 9-15","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2014/13-1371_1p24.pdf","page_label":"file page 51, lines 9-15"}],"topics":[],"undated_disposition_date_fallback":null,"updated_at":"2026-09-05T03:22:24Z"}