{"argument_date":"2014-12-01T00:00:00Z","arguments":[{"argument_date":"2014-12-01T00:00:00Z","heading":"What happened at the argument","official_detail_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcript/2014","official_transcript_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2014/13-1041_7mi8.pdf","paragraphs":["Edwin Kneedler argued the law exempts interpretive rule changes from public comment.","Ms. Ho argued the agency must follow public comment rules when changing its interpretation.","Justice Scalia suggested the Court should not defer to agency interpretations of its own rules.","Justice Kennedy asked if a background principle favors interpretive rules over regulations."],"reargument":false,"sequence":1,"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 10, lines 18-20","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2014/13-1041_7mi8.pdf","page_label":"file page 10, lines 18-20"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 10, lines 32-40","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2014/13-1041_7mi8.pdf","page_label":"file page 10, lines 32-40"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 25, lines 40-14","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2014/13-1041_7mi8.pdf","page_label":"file page 25, lines 40-14"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 4, lines 22-48","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2014/13-1041_7mi8.pdf","page_label":"file page 4, lines 22-48"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 4, lines 50-14","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2014/13-1041_7mi8.pdf","page_label":"file page 4, lines 50-14"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 4, lines 8-20","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2014/13-1041_7mi8.pdf","page_label":"file page 4, lines 8-20"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 5, lines 42-48","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2014/13-1041_7mi8.pdf","page_label":"file page 5, lines 42-48"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 6, lines 20-48","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2014/13-1041_7mi8.pdf","page_label":"file page 6, lines 20-48"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 7, lines 10-14","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2014/13-1041_7mi8.pdf","page_label":"file page 7, lines 10-14"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 7, lines 32-50","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2014/13-1041_7mi8.pdf","page_label":"file page 7, lines 32-50"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 8, lines 30-32","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2014/13-1041_7mi8.pdf","page_label":"file page 8, lines 30-32"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 8, lines 50-4","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2014/13-1041_7mi8.pdf","page_label":"file page 8, lines 50-4"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 9, lines 12-12","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2014/13-1041_7mi8.pdf","page_label":"file page 9, lines 12-12"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 9, lines 20-22","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2014/13-1041_7mi8.pdf","page_label":"file page 9, lines 20-22"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 9, lines 30-34","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2014/13-1041_7mi8.pdf","page_label":"file page 9, lines 30-34"}]}],"caption":"Perez v. Mortgage Bankers Assn.","case_history":[{"changed_at":"2026-08-29T20:06:23.453610Z","explanation":"An official oral-argument transcript was verified.","status":"argued"}],"case_status":"argued","dek":"Mortgage bankers argue the agency must follow public comment rules to change its view on loan officer pay.","dek_sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 25, lines 40-14","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2014/13-1041_7mi8.pdf","page_label":"file page 25, lines 40-14"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 4, lines 22-48","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2014/13-1041_7mi8.pdf","page_label":"file page 4, lines 22-48"}],"dispositions":[],"latest_court_document_date":"2014-12-01T00:00:00Z","maturity":"official_transcript","official_detail_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcript/2014","official_disposition_urls":[],"official_docket_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/docket/docketfiles/html/public/13-1041.html","primary_docket":"13-1041","revisions":[{"correction_note":"Rewritten to the concise citizen-facing editorial standard.","created_at":"2026-08-31T20:10:38.488271Z","maturity":"official_transcript","revision_number":1},{"correction_note":"Migrated to the dated official Court activity contract without model use.","created_at":"2026-09-05T03:22:24Z","maturity":"official_transcript","revision_number":2}],"schema_version":"1.1","sections":[{"heading":"What this case is about","paragraphs":["The case asks if the Department of Labor must hold public hearings before changing how it reads its own pay rules."],"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 25, lines 40-14","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2014/13-1041_7mi8.pdf","page_label":"file page 25, lines 40-14"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 4, lines 22-48","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2014/13-1041_7mi8.pdf","page_label":"file page 4, lines 22-48"}]},{"heading":"How the case got here","paragraphs":["The Supreme Court heard oral argument in this case on December 1, 2014."],"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 4, lines 8-20","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2014/13-1041_7mi8.pdf","page_label":"file page 4, lines 8-20"}]},{"heading":"What each side wants","paragraphs":["the sides that brought the case want the agency to change its interpretation without public comment.","the opposing sides want the agency to hold public hearings before changing its interpretation."],"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 25, lines 40-14","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2014/13-1041_7mi8.pdf","page_label":"file page 25, lines 40-14"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 4, lines 22-48","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2014/13-1041_7mi8.pdf","page_label":"file page 4, lines 22-48"}]},{"heading":"What each side says","paragraphs":["the sides that brought the case argue the law exempts interpretive rule changes from public comment requirements.","the opposing sides argue the agency must follow public comment rules when changing its interpretation."],"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 25, lines 40-14","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2014/13-1041_7mi8.pdf","page_label":"file page 25, lines 40-14"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 4, lines 22-48","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2014/13-1041_7mi8.pdf","page_label":"file page 4, lines 22-48"}]},{"heading":"What the justices asked","paragraphs":["Chief Justice Roberts asked if agency leadership changed between the two letters.","Justice Ginsburg asked if the agency changed its mind about employee classification."],"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 10, lines 18-20","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2014/13-1041_7mi8.pdf","page_label":"file page 10, lines 18-20"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 10, lines 32-40","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2014/13-1041_7mi8.pdf","page_label":"file page 10, lines 32-40"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 4, lines 50-14","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2014/13-1041_7mi8.pdf","page_label":"file page 4, lines 50-14"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 5, lines 42-48","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2014/13-1041_7mi8.pdf","page_label":"file page 5, lines 42-48"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 6, lines 20-48","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2014/13-1041_7mi8.pdf","page_label":"file page 6, lines 20-48"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 7, lines 10-14","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2014/13-1041_7mi8.pdf","page_label":"file page 7, lines 10-14"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 7, lines 32-50","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2014/13-1041_7mi8.pdf","page_label":"file page 7, lines 32-50"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 8, lines 30-32","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2014/13-1041_7mi8.pdf","page_label":"file page 8, lines 30-32"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 8, lines 50-4","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2014/13-1041_7mi8.pdf","page_label":"file page 8, lines 50-4"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 9, lines 12-12","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2014/13-1041_7mi8.pdf","page_label":"file page 9, lines 12-12"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 9, lines 20-22","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2014/13-1041_7mi8.pdf","page_label":"file page 9, lines 20-22"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 9, lines 30-34","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2014/13-1041_7mi8.pdf","page_label":"file page 9, lines 30-34"}]},{"heading":"Why it matters","paragraphs":["This case determines if agencies can change their views on worker pay without public input. It affects how many workers receive overtime pay. It shapes the balance between agency flexibility and public participation."],"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 25, lines 40-14","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2014/13-1041_7mi8.pdf","page_label":"file page 25, lines 40-14"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 4, lines 22-48","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2014/13-1041_7mi8.pdf","page_label":"file page 4, lines 22-48"}]},{"heading":"What happens next","paragraphs":["This article currently covers the argument record. Use the official docket link for later case activity."],"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 10, lines 18-20","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2014/13-1041_7mi8.pdf","page_label":"file page 10, lines 18-20"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 10, lines 32-40","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2014/13-1041_7mi8.pdf","page_label":"file page 10, lines 32-40"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 4, lines 50-14","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2014/13-1041_7mi8.pdf","page_label":"file page 4, lines 50-14"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 4, lines 8-20","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2014/13-1041_7mi8.pdf","page_label":"file page 4, lines 8-20"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 5, lines 42-48","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2014/13-1041_7mi8.pdf","page_label":"file page 5, lines 42-48"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 6, lines 20-48","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2014/13-1041_7mi8.pdf","page_label":"file page 6, lines 20-48"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 7, lines 10-14","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2014/13-1041_7mi8.pdf","page_label":"file page 7, lines 10-14"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 7, lines 32-50","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2014/13-1041_7mi8.pdf","page_label":"file page 7, lines 32-50"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 8, lines 30-32","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2014/13-1041_7mi8.pdf","page_label":"file page 8, lines 30-32"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 8, lines 50-4","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2014/13-1041_7mi8.pdf","page_label":"file page 8, lines 50-4"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 9, lines 12-12","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2014/13-1041_7mi8.pdf","page_label":"file page 9, lines 12-12"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 9, lines 20-22","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2014/13-1041_7mi8.pdf","page_label":"file page 9, lines 20-22"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 9, lines 30-34","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2014/13-1041_7mi8.pdf","page_label":"file page 9, lines 30-34"}]}],"slug":"2014-13-1041-perez-v-mortgage-bankers-assn","term":"2014","title":"Can an agency change its interpretation of a rule without public comment?","title_sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 25, lines 40-14","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2014/13-1041_7mi8.pdf","page_label":"file page 25, lines 40-14"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 4, lines 22-48","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2014/13-1041_7mi8.pdf","page_label":"file page 4, lines 22-48"}],"topics":[],"undated_disposition_date_fallback":null,"updated_at":"2026-09-05T03:22:24Z"}