{"argument_date":"2013-02-27T00:00:00Z","arguments":[{"argument_date":"2013-02-27T00:00:00Z","heading":"What happened at the argument","official_detail_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcript/2012","official_transcript_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2012/12-96_7648.pdf","paragraphs":["General Verrilli stated the Act transformed racist vote suppression.","Mr. Adegbile cited the record supporting the renewal of preclearance.","Mr. Rein noted eight Justices raised a constitutional question in 2009."],"reargument":false,"sequence":1,"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 10, lines 11-23","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2012/12-96_7648.pdf","page_label":"file page 10, lines 11-23"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 10, lines 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7-17","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2012/12-96_7648.pdf","page_label":"file page 3, lines 7-17"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 4, lines 21-27","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2012/12-96_7648.pdf","page_label":"file page 4, lines 21-27"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 5, lines 23-1","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2012/12-96_7648.pdf","page_label":"file page 5, lines 23-1"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 52, lines 51-27","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2012/12-96_7648.pdf","page_label":"file page 52, lines 51-27"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 56, lines 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29-41","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2012/12-96_7648.pdf","page_label":"file page 6, lines 29-41"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 61, lines 47-1","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2012/12-96_7648.pdf","page_label":"file page 61, lines 47-1"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 63, lines 17-17","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2012/12-96_7648.pdf","page_label":"file page 63, lines 17-17"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 63, lines 19-21","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2012/12-96_7648.pdf","page_label":"file page 63, lines 19-21"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 63, lines 27-31","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2012/12-96_7648.pdf","page_label":"file page 63, lines 27-31"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 63, lines 35-37","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2012/12-96_7648.pdf","page_label":"file page 63, lines 35-37"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 64, lines 5-9","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2012/12-96_7648.pdf","page_label":"file page 64, lines 5-9"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 7, lines 15-27","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2012/12-96_7648.pdf","page_label":"file page 7, lines 15-27"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 7, lines 31-35","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2012/12-96_7648.pdf","page_label":"file page 7, lines 31-35"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 8, lines 45-1","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2012/12-96_7648.pdf","page_label":"file page 8, lines 45-1"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 9, lines 37-1","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2012/12-96_7648.pdf","page_label":"file page 9, lines 37-1"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 9, lines 7-15","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2012/12-96_7648.pdf","page_label":"file page 9, lines 7-15"}]}],"caption":"Shelby County v. Holder","case_history":[{"changed_at":"2026-08-29T20:06:34.645859Z","explanation":"An official oral-argument transcript was verified.","status":"argued"},{"changed_at":"2026-08-29T20:06:34.676647Z","explanation":"An official oral-argument transcript was verified.","status":"argued"}],"case_status":"argued","dek":"Shelby County argues the formula is outdated. The government argues it remains necessary.","dek_sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 29, lines 21-19","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2012/12-96_7648.pdf","page_label":"file page 29, lines 21-19"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 3, lines 19-43","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2012/12-96_7648.pdf","page_label":"file page 3, lines 19-43"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 52, lines 51-27","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2012/12-96_7648.pdf","page_label":"file page 52, lines 51-27"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 56, lines 35-39","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2012/12-96_7648.pdf","page_label":"file page 56, lines 35-39"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 63, lines 17-17","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2012/12-96_7648.pdf","page_label":"file page 63, lines 17-17"}],"dispositions":[],"latest_court_document_date":"2013-02-27T00:00:00Z","maturity":"official_transcript","official_detail_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcript/2012","official_disposition_urls":[],"official_docket_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/docket/docketfiles/html/public/12-96.html","primary_docket":"12-96","revisions":[{"correction_note":"Rewritten to the concise citizen-facing editorial standard.","created_at":"2026-08-30T22:08:25.223395Z","maturity":"official_transcript","revision_number":1},{"correction_note":"Migrated to the dated official Court activity contract without model use.","created_at":"2026-09-05T03:22:24Z","maturity":"official_transcript","revision_number":2}],"schema_version":"1.1","sections":[{"heading":"What this case is about","paragraphs":["Shelby County seeks to strike down the coverage formula. The government defends the formula's validity."],"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 29, lines 21-19","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2012/12-96_7648.pdf","page_label":"file page 29, lines 21-19"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 3, lines 19-43","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2012/12-96_7648.pdf","page_label":"file page 3, lines 19-43"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 52, lines 51-27","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2012/12-96_7648.pdf","page_label":"file page 52, lines 51-27"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 56, lines 35-39","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2012/12-96_7648.pdf","page_label":"file page 56, lines 35-39"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 63, lines 17-17","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2012/12-96_7648.pdf","page_label":"file page 63, lines 17-17"}]},{"heading":"How the case got here","paragraphs":["The Supreme Court heard oral argument in this case on February 27, 2013."],"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 3, lines 7-17","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2012/12-96_7648.pdf","page_label":"file page 3, lines 7-17"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 59, lines 39-41","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2012/12-96_7648.pdf","page_label":"file page 59, lines 39-41"}]},{"heading":"What each side wants","paragraphs":["Shelby County wants the Court to invalidate the coverage formula.","The government wants the Court to uphold the coverage formula."],"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 29, lines 21-19","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2012/12-96_7648.pdf","page_label":"file page 29, lines 21-19"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 3, lines 19-43","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2012/12-96_7648.pdf","page_label":"file page 3, lines 19-43"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 52, lines 51-27","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2012/12-96_7648.pdf","page_label":"file page 52, lines 51-27"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 56, lines 35-39","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2012/12-96_7648.pdf","page_label":"file page 56, lines 35-39"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 63, lines 17-17","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2012/12-96_7648.pdf","page_label":"file page 63, lines 17-17"}]},{"heading":"What each side says","paragraphs":["Shelby County argues the formula relies on outdated data.","The government argues the formula addresses ongoing discrimination."],"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 29, lines 21-19","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2012/12-96_7648.pdf","page_label":"file page 29, lines 21-19"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 3, lines 19-43","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2012/12-96_7648.pdf","page_label":"file page 3, lines 19-43"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 52, lines 51-27","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2012/12-96_7648.pdf","page_label":"file page 52, lines 51-27"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 56, lines 35-39","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2012/12-96_7648.pdf","page_label":"file page 56, lines 35-39"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 63, lines 17-17","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2012/12-96_7648.pdf","page_label":"file page 63, lines 17-17"}]},{"heading":"What the justices asked","paragraphs":["Justice Sotomayor asked if the formula should apply today.","Justice Kennedy asked why the county is injured under this formula."],"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 10, lines 11-23","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2012/12-96_7648.pdf","page_label":"file page 10, lines 11-23"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 10, lines 27-43","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2012/12-96_7648.pdf","page_label":"file page 10, lines 27-43"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 3, lines 45-1","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2012/12-96_7648.pdf","page_label":"file page 3, lines 45-1"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 3, lines 7-17","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2012/12-96_7648.pdf","page_label":"file page 3, lines 7-17"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 4, lines 21-27","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2012/12-96_7648.pdf","page_label":"file page 4, lines 21-27"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 5, lines 23-1","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2012/12-96_7648.pdf","page_label":"file page 5, lines 23-1"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 56, lines 19-33","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2012/12-96_7648.pdf","page_label":"file page 56, lines 19-33"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 57, lines 17-23","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2012/12-96_7648.pdf","page_label":"file page 57, lines 17-23"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 57, lines 51-9","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2012/12-96_7648.pdf","page_label":"file page 57, lines 51-9"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 58, lines 45-49","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2012/12-96_7648.pdf","page_label":"file page 58, lines 45-49"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 59, lines 13-19","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2012/12-96_7648.pdf","page_label":"file page 59, lines 13-19"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 59, lines 3-5","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2012/12-96_7648.pdf","page_label":"file page 59, lines 3-5"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 59, lines 39-41","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2012/12-96_7648.pdf","page_label":"file page 59, lines 39-41"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 6, lines 29-41","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2012/12-96_7648.pdf","page_label":"file page 6, lines 29-41"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 61, lines 47-1","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2012/12-96_7648.pdf","page_label":"file page 61, lines 47-1"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 63, lines 19-21","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2012/12-96_7648.pdf","page_label":"file page 63, lines 19-21"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 63, lines 27-31","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2012/12-96_7648.pdf","page_label":"file page 63, lines 27-31"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 63, lines 35-37","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2012/12-96_7648.pdf","page_label":"file page 63, lines 35-37"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 64, lines 5-9","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2012/12-96_7648.pdf","page_label":"file page 64, lines 5-9"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 7, lines 15-27","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2012/12-96_7648.pdf","page_label":"file page 7, lines 15-27"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 7, lines 31-35","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2012/12-96_7648.pdf","page_label":"file page 7, lines 31-35"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 8, lines 45-1","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2012/12-96_7648.pdf","page_label":"file page 8, lines 45-1"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 9, lines 37-1","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2012/12-96_7648.pdf","page_label":"file page 9, lines 37-1"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 9, lines 7-15","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2012/12-96_7648.pdf","page_label":"file page 9, lines 7-15"}]},{"heading":"Why it matters","paragraphs":["The formula determines which jurisdictions need federal approval for voting changes. This affects how states manage elections."],"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 29, lines 21-19","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2012/12-96_7648.pdf","page_label":"file page 29, lines 21-19"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 3, lines 19-43","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2012/12-96_7648.pdf","page_label":"file page 3, lines 19-43"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 52, lines 51-27","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2012/12-96_7648.pdf","page_label":"file page 52, lines 51-27"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 56, lines 35-39","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2012/12-96_7648.pdf","page_label":"file page 56, lines 35-39"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 63, lines 17-17","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2012/12-96_7648.pdf","page_label":"file page 63, lines 17-17"}]},{"heading":"What happens next","paragraphs":["This article currently covers the argument record. Use the official docket link for later case activity."],"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 10, lines 11-23","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2012/12-96_7648.pdf","page_label":"file page 10, lines 11-23"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 10, lines 27-43","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2012/12-96_7648.pdf","page_label":"file page 10, lines 27-43"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 3, lines 45-1","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2012/12-96_7648.pdf","page_label":"file page 3, lines 45-1"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 3, lines 7-17","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2012/12-96_7648.pdf","page_label":"file page 3, lines 7-17"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 4, lines 21-27","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2012/12-96_7648.pdf","page_label":"file page 4, lines 21-27"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 5, lines 23-1","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2012/12-96_7648.pdf","page_label":"file page 5, lines 23-1"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 56, lines 19-33","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2012/12-96_7648.pdf","page_label":"file page 56, lines 19-33"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 57, lines 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