{"argument_date":"2013-03-26T00:00:00Z","arguments":[{"argument_date":"2013-03-26T00:00:00Z","heading":"What happened at the argument","official_detail_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcript/2012","official_transcript_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2012/12-144_5if6.pdf","paragraphs":["Mr. Cooper argued marriage definitions have historical roots.","Mr. Olson contextualized the ballot measure before addressing standing.","General Verrilli argued the measure denies equal protection.","General Verrilli described the measure as a permanent constitutional ban."],"reargument":false,"sequence":1,"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 28, lines 33-7","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2012/12-144_5if6.pdf","page_label":"file page 28, lines 33-7"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 3, lines 17-27","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2012/12-144_5if6.pdf","page_label":"file page 3, lines 17-27"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 3, lines 29-33","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2012/12-144_5if6.pdf","page_label":"file page 3, lines 29-33"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 3, lines 49-1","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2012/12-144_5if6.pdf","page_label":"file page 3, lines 49-1"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 3, lines 7-15","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2012/12-144_5if6.pdf","page_label":"file page 3, lines 7-15"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 4, lines 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27-33","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2012/12-144_5if6.pdf","page_label":"file page 57, lines 27-33"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 57, lines 7-25","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2012/12-144_5if6.pdf","page_label":"file page 57, lines 7-25"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 58, lines 19-23","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2012/12-144_5if6.pdf","page_label":"file page 58, lines 19-23"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 58, lines 37-45","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2012/12-144_5if6.pdf","page_label":"file page 58, lines 37-45"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 59, lines 17-17","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2012/12-144_5if6.pdf","page_label":"file page 59, lines 17-17"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 59, lines 51-9","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2012/12-144_5if6.pdf","page_label":"file page 59, lines 51-9"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 59, lines 7-11","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2012/12-144_5if6.pdf","page_label":"file page 59, lines 7-11"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 6, lines 11-25","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2012/12-144_5if6.pdf","page_label":"file page 6, lines 11-25"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 6, lines 5-7","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2012/12-144_5if6.pdf","page_label":"file page 6, lines 5-7"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 60, lines 17-21","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2012/12-144_5if6.pdf","page_label":"file page 60, lines 17-21"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 60, lines 25-27","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2012/12-144_5if6.pdf","page_label":"file page 60, lines 25-27"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 60, lines 43-45","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2012/12-144_5if6.pdf","page_label":"file page 60, lines 43-45"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 61, lines 23-25","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2012/12-144_5if6.pdf","page_label":"file page 61, lines 23-25"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 61, lines 29-47","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2012/12-144_5if6.pdf","page_label":"file page 61, lines 29-47"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 62, lines 29-1","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2012/12-144_5if6.pdf","page_label":"file page 62, lines 29-1"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 64, lines 13-13","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2012/12-144_5if6.pdf","page_label":"file page 64, lines 13-13"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 64, lines 15-17","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2012/12-144_5if6.pdf","page_label":"file page 64, lines 15-17"}]}],"caption":"Hollingsworth v. Perry","case_history":[{"changed_at":"2026-08-29T20:06:34.530236Z","explanation":"An official oral-argument transcript was verified.","status":"argued"},{"changed_at":"2026-08-29T20:06:34.566731Z","explanation":"An official oral-argument transcript was verified.","status":"argued"}],"case_status":"argued","dek":"the sides that brought the case seek to defend a state ballot measure. the opposing sides argue the state lacks standing to do so.","dek_sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 28, lines 33-7","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2012/12-144_5if6.pdf","page_label":"file page 28, lines 33-7"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 3, lines 17-27","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2012/12-144_5if6.pdf","page_label":"file page 3, lines 17-27"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 50, lines 23-29","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2012/12-144_5if6.pdf","page_label":"file page 50, lines 23-29"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 57, lines 7-25","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2012/12-144_5if6.pdf","page_label":"file page 57, lines 7-25"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 64, lines 13-13","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2012/12-144_5if6.pdf","page_label":"file page 64, lines 13-13"}],"dispositions":[],"latest_court_document_date":"2013-03-26T00:00:00Z","maturity":"official_transcript","official_detail_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcript/2012","official_disposition_urls":[],"official_docket_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/docket/docketfiles/html/public/12-144.html","primary_docket":"12-144","revisions":[{"correction_note":"Rewritten to the concise citizen-facing editorial standard.","created_at":"2026-08-30T21:59:48.992870Z","maturity":"official_transcript","revision_number":1},{"correction_note":"Migrated to the dated official Court activity contract without model use.","created_at":"2026-09-05T03:22:24Z","maturity":"official_transcript","revision_number":2}],"schema_version":"1.1","sections":[{"heading":"What this case is about","paragraphs":["The case tests who may defend a state law in federal court. the sides that brought the case claim a state official has standing. the opposing sides argue only the state itself holds that right."],"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 28, lines 33-7","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2012/12-144_5if6.pdf","page_label":"file page 28, lines 33-7"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 3, lines 17-27","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2012/12-144_5if6.pdf","page_label":"file page 3, lines 17-27"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 50, lines 23-29","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2012/12-144_5if6.pdf","page_label":"file page 50, lines 23-29"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 57, lines 7-25","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2012/12-144_5if6.pdf","page_label":"file page 57, lines 7-25"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 64, lines 13-13","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2012/12-144_5if6.pdf","page_label":"file page 64, lines 13-13"}]},{"heading":"How the case got here","paragraphs":["The Supreme Court heard oral argument in this case on March 26, 2013."],"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 3, lines 7-15","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2012/12-144_5if6.pdf","page_label":"file page 3, lines 7-15"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 64, lines 15-17","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2012/12-144_5if6.pdf","page_label":"file page 64, lines 15-17"}]},{"heading":"What each side wants","paragraphs":["the sides that brought the case want the Court to allow a state official to defend the measure.","the opposing sides want the Court to dismiss the appeal for lack of standing."],"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 28, lines 33-7","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2012/12-144_5if6.pdf","page_label":"file page 28, lines 33-7"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 3, lines 17-27","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2012/12-144_5if6.pdf","page_label":"file page 3, lines 17-27"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 50, lines 23-29","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2012/12-144_5if6.pdf","page_label":"file page 50, lines 23-29"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 57, lines 7-25","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2012/12-144_5if6.pdf","page_label":"file page 57, lines 7-25"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 64, lines 13-13","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2012/12-144_5if6.pdf","page_label":"file page 64, lines 13-13"}]},{"heading":"What each side says","paragraphs":["the sides that brought the case argue the official has a personal interest in the law.","the opposing sides argue the state must authorize any defense of its laws."],"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 28, lines 33-7","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2012/12-144_5if6.pdf","page_label":"file page 28, lines 33-7"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 3, lines 17-27","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2012/12-144_5if6.pdf","page_label":"file page 3, lines 17-27"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 50, lines 23-29","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2012/12-144_5if6.pdf","page_label":"file page 50, lines 23-29"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 57, lines 7-25","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2012/12-144_5if6.pdf","page_label":"file page 57, lines 7-25"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 64, lines 13-13","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2012/12-144_5if6.pdf","page_label":"file page 64, lines 13-13"}]},{"heading":"What the justices asked","paragraphs":["Justice Kagan asked if a state can assign defense rights to any citizen.","Justice Scalia asked if the attorney general has a proprietary interest."],"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 3, lines 29-33","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2012/12-144_5if6.pdf","page_label":"file page 3, lines 29-33"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 3, lines 49-1","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2012/12-144_5if6.pdf","page_label":"file page 3, lines 49-1"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 3, lines 7-15","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2012/12-144_5if6.pdf","page_label":"file page 3, lines 7-15"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 4, lines 11-25","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2012/12-144_5if6.pdf","page_label":"file page 4, lines 11-25"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 4, lines 47-1","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2012/12-144_5if6.pdf","page_label":"file page 4, lines 47-1"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 5, lines 11-13","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2012/12-144_5if6.pdf","page_label":"file page 5, lines 11-13"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 5, lines 19-19","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2012/12-144_5if6.pdf","page_label":"file page 5, lines 19-19"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 5, lines 23-27","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2012/12-144_5if6.pdf","page_label":"file page 5, lines 23-27"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 5, lines 41-45","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2012/12-144_5if6.pdf","page_label":"file page 5, lines 41-45"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 5, lines 5-7","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2012/12-144_5if6.pdf","page_label":"file page 5, lines 5-7"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 57, lines 27-33","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2012/12-144_5if6.pdf","page_label":"file page 57, lines 27-33"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 58, lines 19-23","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2012/12-144_5if6.pdf","page_label":"file page 58, lines 19-23"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 58, lines 37-45","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2012/12-144_5if6.pdf","page_label":"file page 58, lines 37-45"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 59, lines 17-17","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2012/12-144_5if6.pdf","page_label":"file page 59, lines 17-17"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 59, lines 51-9","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2012/12-144_5if6.pdf","page_label":"file page 59, lines 51-9"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 59, lines 7-11","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2012/12-144_5if6.pdf","page_label":"file page 59, lines 7-11"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 6, lines 11-25","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2012/12-144_5if6.pdf","page_label":"file page 6, lines 11-25"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 6, lines 5-7","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2012/12-144_5if6.pdf","page_label":"file page 6, lines 5-7"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 60, lines 17-21","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2012/12-144_5if6.pdf","page_label":"file page 60, lines 17-21"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 60, lines 25-27","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2012/12-144_5if6.pdf","page_label":"file page 60, lines 25-27"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 60, lines 43-45","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2012/12-144_5if6.pdf","page_label":"file page 60, lines 43-45"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 61, lines 23-25","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2012/12-144_5if6.pdf","page_label":"file page 61, lines 23-25"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 61, lines 29-47","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2012/12-144_5if6.pdf","page_label":"file page 61, lines 29-47"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 62, lines 29-1","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2012/12-144_5if6.pdf","page_label":"file page 62, lines 29-1"}]},{"heading":"Why it matters","paragraphs":["The outcome defines who controls state law defenses in federal courts. It shapes the balance of power between state officials and private citizens."],"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 28, lines 33-7","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2012/12-144_5if6.pdf","page_label":"file page 28, lines 33-7"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 3, lines 17-27","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2012/12-144_5if6.pdf","page_label":"file page 3, lines 17-27"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 50, lines 23-29","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2012/12-144_5if6.pdf","page_label":"file page 50, lines 23-29"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 57, lines 7-25","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2012/12-144_5if6.pdf","page_label":"file page 57, lines 7-25"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 64, lines 13-13","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2012/12-144_5if6.pdf","page_label":"file page 64, lines 13-13"}]},{"heading":"What happens next","paragraphs":["This article currently covers the argument record. Use the official docket link for later case activity."],"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 3, lines 29-33","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2012/12-144_5if6.pdf","page_label":"file page 3, lines 29-33"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 3, lines 49-1","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2012/12-144_5if6.pdf","page_label":"file page 3, lines 49-1"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 3, lines 7-15","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2012/12-144_5if6.pdf","page_label":"file page 3, lines 7-15"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 4, lines 11-25","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2012/12-144_5if6.pdf","page_label":"file page 4, lines 11-25"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 4, lines 47-1","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2012/12-144_5if6.pdf","page_label":"file page 4, lines 47-1"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 5, lines 11-13","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2012/12-144_5if6.pdf","page_label":"file page 5, lines 11-13"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 5, lines 19-19","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2012/12-144_5if6.pdf","page_label":"file page 5, lines 19-19"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 5, lines 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