{"argument_date":"2013-03-20T00:00:00Z","arguments":[{"argument_date":"2013-03-20T00:00:00Z","heading":"What happened at the argument","official_detail_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcript/2012","official_transcript_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2012/12-123_l537.pdf","paragraphs":["Michael McConnell argued for the Hornes. He stated the case involves difficult merits questions. He focused on whether a taking occurred. He discussed how to conceptualize and value the taking. He emphasized the complexity of the legal issues.","Paul D. Clement argued for the Department of Agriculture. He began by identifying the property allegedly taken. He noted the Hornes advanced two different theories. He argued the takings analysis must start with property identification. He challenged the Hornes' theories about property ownership.","Justice Sotomayor questioned the nature of the taking. She asked what is taken from the handler entity. She explored the distinction between ownership and handling. She noted the handler entity does not own the raisins. She asked if the taking is a percentage payment. She highlighted the legal distinction between the two entities.","Chief Justice Roberts managed the oral argument. He introduced the case and the parties. He called on the side that brought the case's counsel first. He set the stage for the merits discussion. He ensured the argument focused on the taking question."],"reargument":false,"sequence":1,"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 27, lines 9-31","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2012/12-123_l537.pdf","page_label":"file page 27, lines 9-31"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 3, lines 21-31","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2012/12-123_l537.pdf","page_label":"file page 3, lines 21-31"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 3, lines 33-35","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2012/12-123_l537.pdf","page_label":"file page 3, lines 33-35"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 3, lines 39-11","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2012/12-123_l537.pdf","page_label":"file page 3, lines 39-11"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 3, lines 9-19","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2012/12-123_l537.pdf","page_label":"file page 3, lines 9-19"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 4, lines 23-27","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2012/12-123_l537.pdf","page_label":"file page 4, lines 23-27"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 4, lines 33-37","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2012/12-123_l537.pdf","page_label":"file page 4, lines 33-37"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 4, lines 45-4","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2012/12-123_l537.pdf","page_label":"file page 4, lines 45-4"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 5, lines 19-23","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2012/12-123_l537.pdf","page_label":"file page 5, lines 19-23"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 5, lines 25-35","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2012/12-123_l537.pdf","page_label":"file page 5, lines 25-35"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 5, lines 43-45","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2012/12-123_l537.pdf","page_label":"file page 5, lines 43-45"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 5, lines 49-51","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2012/12-123_l537.pdf","page_label":"file page 5, lines 49-51"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 5, lines 5-13","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2012/12-123_l537.pdf","page_label":"file page 5, lines 5-13"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 6, lines 13-23","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2012/12-123_l537.pdf","page_label":"file page 6, lines 13-23"}]}],"caption":"Horne v. Department of Agriculture","case_history":[{"changed_at":"2026-08-29T20:06:34.479106Z","explanation":"An official oral-argument transcript was verified.","status":"argued"}],"case_status":"argued","dek":"The Horne family disputes a federal program that requires raisin handlers to pay for raisins they do not own.","dek_sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 27, lines 9-31","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2012/12-123_l537.pdf","page_label":"file page 27, lines 9-31"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 3, lines 21-31","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2012/12-123_l537.pdf","page_label":"file page 3, lines 21-31"}],"dispositions":[],"latest_court_document_date":"2013-03-20T00:00:00Z","maturity":"official_transcript","official_detail_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcript/2012","official_disposition_urls":[],"official_docket_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/docket/docketfiles/html/public/12-123.html","primary_docket":"12-123","revisions":[{"correction_note":"Rewritten to the concise citizen-facing editorial standard.","created_at":"2026-08-30T22:03:06.583442Z","maturity":"official_transcript","revision_number":1},{"correction_note":"Migrated to the dated official Court activity contract without model use.","created_at":"2026-09-05T03:22:24Z","maturity":"official_transcript","revision_number":2}],"schema_version":"1.1","sections":[{"heading":"What this case is about","paragraphs":["The Horne family challenges a federal marketing order. They argue the order forces them to pay for raisins they do not own. The Department of Agriculture defends the program. It claims the order regulates the raisin market. The core dispute involves the definition of property taken."],"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 27, lines 9-31","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2012/12-123_l537.pdf","page_label":"file page 27, lines 9-31"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 3, lines 21-31","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2012/12-123_l537.pdf","page_label":"file page 3, lines 21-31"}]},{"heading":"How the case got here","paragraphs":["The Supreme Court heard oral argument in this case on March 20, 2013."],"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 3, lines 9-19","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2012/12-123_l537.pdf","page_label":"file page 3, lines 9-19"}]},{"heading":"What each side wants","paragraphs":["The Hornes want the Court to strike down the payment requirement. They argue the government takes property from a non-owner entity.","The Department of Agriculture wants the Court to uphold the marketing order. It argues the order validly regulates the raisin market."],"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 27, lines 9-31","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2012/12-123_l537.pdf","page_label":"file page 27, lines 9-31"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 3, lines 21-31","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2012/12-123_l537.pdf","page_label":"file page 3, lines 21-31"}]},{"heading":"What each side says","paragraphs":["The Hornes argue the government takes money from the handler entity. They claim the handler entity does not own the raisins. They assert this constitutes a taking of property.","The Department of Agriculture argues the order regulates the raisin market. It claims the payment requirement is a valid exercise of regulatory power. It asserts the order does not take property from the handler entity."],"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 27, lines 9-31","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2012/12-123_l537.pdf","page_label":"file page 27, lines 9-31"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 3, lines 21-31","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2012/12-123_l537.pdf","page_label":"file page 3, lines 21-31"}]},{"heading":"What the justices asked","paragraphs":["Justice Sotomayor asked what is being taken from the handler entity. She questioned whether two separate legal entities exist. One entity owns the raisins. The other entity handles the raisins. She asked if the handler entity owns the raisins. She noted that the handler entity cannot be taken raisins if it does not own them.","Chief Justice Roberts introduced the case. He called on the side that brought the case's counsel to argue. He identified the case as Horne v. Department of Agriculture. He noted the argument would focus on the merits. He asked the counsel to address the taking question."],"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 3, lines 33-35","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2012/12-123_l537.pdf","page_label":"file page 3, lines 33-35"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 3, lines 39-11","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2012/12-123_l537.pdf","page_label":"file page 3, lines 39-11"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 3, lines 9-19","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2012/12-123_l537.pdf","page_label":"file page 3, lines 9-19"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 4, lines 23-27","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2012/12-123_l537.pdf","page_label":"file page 4, lines 23-27"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 4, lines 33-37","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2012/12-123_l537.pdf","page_label":"file page 4, lines 33-37"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 4, lines 45-4","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2012/12-123_l537.pdf","page_label":"file page 4, lines 45-4"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 5, lines 19-23","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2012/12-123_l537.pdf","page_label":"file page 5, lines 19-23"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 5, lines 25-35","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2012/12-123_l537.pdf","page_label":"file page 5, lines 25-35"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 5, lines 43-45","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2012/12-123_l537.pdf","page_label":"file page 5, lines 43-45"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 5, lines 49-51","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2012/12-123_l537.pdf","page_label":"file page 5, lines 49-51"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 5, lines 5-13","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2012/12-123_l537.pdf","page_label":"file page 5, lines 5-13"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 6, lines 13-23","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2012/12-123_l537.pdf","page_label":"file page 6, lines 13-23"}]},{"heading":"Why it matters","paragraphs":["The case defines the scope of government power over agricultural markets. It clarifies what constitutes a taking of property. It determines whether regulators can force payments from entities that do not own the underlying goods. The outcome affects how the government structures marketing orders. It impacts the rights of business owners in regulated industries."],"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 27, lines 9-31","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2012/12-123_l537.pdf","page_label":"file page 27, lines 9-31"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 3, lines 21-31","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2012/12-123_l537.pdf","page_label":"file page 3, lines 21-31"}]},{"heading":"What happens next","paragraphs":["This article currently covers the argument record. Use the official docket link for later case activity."],"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 3, lines 33-35","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2012/12-123_l537.pdf","page_label":"file page 3, lines 33-35"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 3, lines 39-11","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2012/12-123_l537.pdf","page_label":"file page 3, lines 39-11"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 3, lines 9-19","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2012/12-123_l537.pdf","page_label":"file page 3, lines 9-19"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 4, lines 23-27","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2012/12-123_l537.pdf","page_label":"file page 4, lines 23-27"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 4, lines 33-37","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2012/12-123_l537.pdf","page_label":"file page 4, lines 33-37"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 4, lines 45-4","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2012/12-123_l537.pdf","page_label":"file page 4, lines 45-4"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 5, lines 19-23","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2012/12-123_l537.pdf","page_label":"file page 5, lines 19-23"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 5, lines 25-35","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2012/12-123_l537.pdf","page_label":"file page 5, lines 25-35"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 5, lines 43-45","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2012/12-123_l537.pdf","page_label":"file page 5, lines 43-45"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 5, lines 49-51","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2012/12-123_l537.pdf","page_label":"file page 5, lines 49-51"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 5, lines 5-13","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2012/12-123_l537.pdf","page_label":"file page 5, lines 5-13"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 6, lines 13-23","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2012/12-123_l537.pdf","page_label":"file page 6, lines 13-23"}]}],"slug":"2012-12-123-horne-v-department-of-agriculture","term":"2012","title":"Does the government take property by forcing raisin handlers to pay for unowned raisins?","title_sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 27, lines 9-31","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2012/12-123_l537.pdf","page_label":"file page 27, lines 9-31"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 3, lines 21-31","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2012/12-123_l537.pdf","page_label":"file page 3, lines 21-31"}],"topics":[],"undated_disposition_date_fallback":null,"updated_at":"2026-09-05T03:22:24Z"}