{"argument_date":"2012-10-31T00:00:00Z","arguments":[{"argument_date":"2012-10-31T00:00:00Z","heading":"What happened at the argument","official_detail_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcript/2012","official_transcript_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2012/11-817.pdf","paragraphs":["Mr. Garre argued that a trained dog's alert establishes probable cause to search a vehicle.","Mr. Gifford argued that no canine exception exists to the totality of the circumstances test.","Mr. Palmore argued that trained dogs reliably detect target odors in critical security roles."],"reargument":false,"sequence":1,"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 18, lines 51-11","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2012/11-817.pdf","page_label":"file page 18, lines 51-11"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 28, lines 17-35","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2012/11-817.pdf","page_label":"file page 28, lines 17-35"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 3, lines 15-23","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2012/11-817.pdf","page_label":"file page 3, lines 15-23"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 3, lines 25-27","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2012/11-817.pdf","page_label":"file page 3, lines 25-27"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 4, lines 17-27","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2012/11-817.pdf","page_label":"file page 4, lines 17-27"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 5, lines 17-21","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2012/11-817.pdf","page_label":"file page 5, lines 17-21"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 5, lines 39-43","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2012/11-817.pdf","page_label":"file page 5, lines 39-43"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 6, lines 47-3","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2012/11-817.pdf","page_label":"file page 6, lines 47-3"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 7, lines 13-27","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2012/11-817.pdf","page_label":"file page 7, lines 13-27"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 7, lines 41-49","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2012/11-817.pdf","page_label":"file page 7, lines 41-49"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 7, lines 7-9","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2012/11-817.pdf","page_label":"file page 7, lines 7-9"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 8, lines 13-17","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2012/11-817.pdf","page_label":"file page 8, lines 13-17"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 8, lines 31-3","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2012/11-817.pdf","page_label":"file page 8, lines 31-3"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 9, lines 15-21","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2012/11-817.pdf","page_label":"file page 9, lines 15-21"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 9, lines 49-15","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2012/11-817.pdf","page_label":"file page 9, lines 49-15"}]}],"caption":"Florida v. Harris","case_history":[{"changed_at":"2026-08-29T20:06:34.964260Z","explanation":"An official oral-argument transcript was verified.","status":"argued"}],"case_status":"argued","dek":"Florida and Harris disagree on whether a dog's alert alone proves probable cause to search a vehicle.","dek_sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 18, lines 51-11","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2012/11-817.pdf","page_label":"file page 18, lines 51-11"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 28, lines 17-35","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2012/11-817.pdf","page_label":"file page 28, lines 17-35"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 3, lines 15-23","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2012/11-817.pdf","page_label":"file page 3, lines 15-23"}],"dispositions":[],"latest_court_document_date":"2012-10-31T00:00:00Z","maturity":"official_transcript","official_detail_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcript/2012","official_disposition_urls":[],"official_docket_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/docket/docketfiles/html/public/11-817.html","primary_docket":"11-817","revisions":[{"correction_note":"Rewritten to the concise citizen-facing editorial standard.","created_at":"2026-08-30T22:46:35.999987Z","maturity":"official_transcript","revision_number":1},{"correction_note":"Migrated to the dated official Court activity contract without model use.","created_at":"2026-09-05T03:22:24Z","maturity":"official_transcript","revision_number":2}],"schema_version":"1.1","sections":[{"heading":"What this case is about","paragraphs":["The case asks if a trained dog's alert alone proves probable cause to search a vehicle."],"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 18, lines 51-11","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2012/11-817.pdf","page_label":"file page 18, lines 51-11"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 28, lines 17-35","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2012/11-817.pdf","page_label":"file page 28, lines 17-35"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 3, lines 15-23","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2012/11-817.pdf","page_label":"file page 3, lines 15-23"}]},{"heading":"How the case got here","paragraphs":["The Supreme Court heard oral argument in this case on October 31, 2012."],"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 9, lines 49-15","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2012/11-817.pdf","page_label":"file page 9, lines 49-15"}]},{"heading":"What each side wants","paragraphs":["Florida wants the Court to hold that a dog's alert alone proves probable cause.","Harris wants the Court to require courts to examine the dog's reliability."],"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 18, lines 51-11","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2012/11-817.pdf","page_label":"file page 18, lines 51-11"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 28, lines 17-35","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2012/11-817.pdf","page_label":"file page 28, lines 17-35"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 3, lines 15-23","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2012/11-817.pdf","page_label":"file page 3, lines 15-23"}]},{"heading":"What each side says","paragraphs":["Florida argues a dog's alert alone establishes probable cause to search a vehicle.","Harris argues courts must apply the totality of the circumstances test."],"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 18, lines 51-11","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2012/11-817.pdf","page_label":"file page 18, lines 51-11"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 28, lines 17-35","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2012/11-817.pdf","page_label":"file page 28, lines 17-35"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 3, lines 15-23","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2012/11-817.pdf","page_label":"file page 3, lines 15-23"}]},{"heading":"What the justices asked","paragraphs":["Justice Sotomayor asked how a judge determines if a police department's training is adequate.","Justice Sotomayor asked what specific legal rule the state wants the Court to announce."],"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 3, lines 25-27","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2012/11-817.pdf","page_label":"file page 3, lines 25-27"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 4, lines 17-27","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2012/11-817.pdf","page_label":"file page 4, lines 17-27"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 5, lines 17-21","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2012/11-817.pdf","page_label":"file page 5, lines 17-21"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 5, lines 39-43","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2012/11-817.pdf","page_label":"file page 5, lines 39-43"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 6, lines 47-3","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2012/11-817.pdf","page_label":"file page 6, lines 47-3"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 7, lines 13-27","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2012/11-817.pdf","page_label":"file page 7, lines 13-27"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 7, lines 41-49","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2012/11-817.pdf","page_label":"file page 7, lines 41-49"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 7, lines 7-9","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2012/11-817.pdf","page_label":"file page 7, lines 7-9"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 8, lines 13-17","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2012/11-817.pdf","page_label":"file page 8, lines 13-17"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 8, lines 31-3","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2012/11-817.pdf","page_label":"file page 8, lines 31-3"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 9, lines 15-21","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2012/11-817.pdf","page_label":"file page 9, lines 15-21"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 9, lines 49-15","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2012/11-817.pdf","page_label":"file page 9, lines 49-15"}]},{"heading":"Why it matters","paragraphs":["This dispute defines the standard for using drug dogs to search vehicles without a warrant."],"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 18, lines 51-11","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2012/11-817.pdf","page_label":"file page 18, lines 51-11"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 28, lines 17-35","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2012/11-817.pdf","page_label":"file page 28, lines 17-35"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 3, lines 15-23","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2012/11-817.pdf","page_label":"file page 3, lines 15-23"}]},{"heading":"What happens next","paragraphs":["This article currently covers the argument record. Use the official docket link for later case activity."],"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 3, lines 25-27","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2012/11-817.pdf","page_label":"file page 3, lines 25-27"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 4, lines 17-27","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2012/11-817.pdf","page_label":"file page 4, lines 17-27"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 5, lines 17-21","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2012/11-817.pdf","page_label":"file page 5, lines 17-21"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 5, lines 39-43","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2012/11-817.pdf","page_label":"file page 5, lines 39-43"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 6, lines 47-3","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2012/11-817.pdf","page_label":"file page 6, lines 47-3"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 7, lines 13-27","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2012/11-817.pdf","page_label":"file page 7, lines 13-27"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 7, lines 41-49","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2012/11-817.pdf","page_label":"file page 7, lines 41-49"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 7, lines 7-9","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2012/11-817.pdf","page_label":"file page 7, lines 7-9"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 8, lines 13-17","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2012/11-817.pdf","page_label":"file page 8, lines 13-17"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 8, lines 31-3","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2012/11-817.pdf","page_label":"file page 8, lines 31-3"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 9, lines 15-21","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2012/11-817.pdf","page_label":"file page 9, lines 15-21"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 9, lines 49-15","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2012/11-817.pdf","page_label":"file page 9, lines 49-15"}]}],"slug":"2012-11-817-florida-v-harris","term":"2012","title":"Does a trained dog's alert alone prove probable cause to search a vehicle?","title_sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 18, lines 51-11","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2012/11-817.pdf","page_label":"file page 18, lines 51-11"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 28, lines 17-35","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2012/11-817.pdf","page_label":"file page 28, lines 17-35"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 3, lines 15-23","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2012/11-817.pdf","page_label":"file page 3, lines 15-23"}],"topics":[],"undated_disposition_date_fallback":null,"updated_at":"2026-09-05T03:22:24Z"}