{"argument_date":"2012-04-18T00:00:00Z","arguments":[{"argument_date":"2012-04-18T00:00:00Z","heading":"What happened at the argument","official_detail_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcript/2011","official_transcript_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2011/11-551.pdf","paragraphs":["Mr. Freeman argued the funding dispute stems from two distinctive features of the ISDA scheme.","Mr. Phillips argued the Ferris doctrine is the fundamental issue in this case.","Justice Sotomayor stated she did not think the Federal Circuit was right about the appropriation."],"reargument":false,"sequence":1,"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 10, lines 49-23","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2011/11-551.pdf","page_label":"file page 10, lines 49-23"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 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25-25","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2011/11-551.pdf","page_label":"file page 5, lines 25-25"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 6, lines 23-31","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2011/11-551.pdf","page_label":"file page 6, lines 23-31"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 6, lines 49-3","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2011/11-551.pdf","page_label":"file page 6, lines 49-3"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 61, lines 15-17","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2011/11-551.pdf","page_label":"file page 61, lines 15-17"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 61, lines 19-23","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2011/11-551.pdf","page_label":"file page 61, lines 19-23"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 61, lines 25-27","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2011/11-551.pdf","page_label":"file page 61, lines 25-27"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 61, lines 31-41","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2011/11-551.pdf","page_label":"file page 61, lines 31-41"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 62, lines 29-31","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2011/11-551.pdf","page_label":"file page 62, lines 29-31"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 62, lines 39-41","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2011/11-551.pdf","page_label":"file page 62, lines 39-41"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 62, lines 51-13","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2011/11-551.pdf","page_label":"file page 62, lines 51-13"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 62, lines 7-17","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2011/11-551.pdf","page_label":"file page 62, lines 7-17"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 63, lines 35-39","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2011/11-551.pdf","page_label":"file page 63, lines 35-39"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 64, lines 13-17","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2011/11-551.pdf","page_label":"file page 64, lines 13-17"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 7, lines 49-13","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2011/11-551.pdf","page_label":"file page 7, lines 49-13"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 8, lines 27-33","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2011/11-551.pdf","page_label":"file page 8, lines 27-33"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 9, lines 41-47","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2011/11-551.pdf","page_label":"file page 9, lines 41-47"}]}],"caption":"Salazar v. Ramah Navajo Chapter","case_history":[{"changed_at":"2026-08-29T20:06:24.641218Z","explanation":"An official oral-argument transcript was verified.","status":"argued"},{"changed_at":"2026-08-29T20:06:24.648803Z","explanation":"An official oral-argument transcript was verified.","status":"argued"}],"case_status":"argued","dek":"The Ramah Navajo Chapter claims the Interior Secretary illegally withheld funds. The Secretary argues the law requires him to enforce spending limits.","dek_sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 29, lines 29-7","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2011/11-551.pdf","page_label":"file page 29, lines 29-7"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 3, lines 19-5","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2011/11-551.pdf","page_label":"file page 3, lines 19-5"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 61, lines 19-23","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2011/11-551.pdf","page_label":"file page 61, lines 19-23"}],"dispositions":[],"latest_court_document_date":"2012-04-18T00:00:00Z","maturity":"official_transcript","official_detail_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcript/2011","official_disposition_urls":[],"official_docket_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/docket/docketfiles/html/public/11-551.html","primary_docket":"11-551","revisions":[{"correction_note":"Rewritten to the concise citizen-facing editorial standard.","created_at":"2026-08-30T22:59:21.000339Z","maturity":"official_transcript","revision_number":1},{"correction_note":"Migrated to the dated official Court activity contract without model use.","created_at":"2026-09-05T03:22:24Z","maturity":"official_transcript","revision_number":2}],"schema_version":"1.1","sections":[{"heading":"What this case is about","paragraphs":["The Ramah Navajo Chapter wants the court to order the Interior Secretary to pay withheld funds. The Secretary wants the court to confirm his power to withhold funds to enforce statutory caps."],"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 29, lines 29-7","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2011/11-551.pdf","page_label":"file page 29, lines 29-7"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 3, lines 19-5","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2011/11-551.pdf","page_label":"file page 3, lines 19-5"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 61, lines 19-23","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2011/11-551.pdf","page_label":"file page 61, lines 19-23"}]},{"heading":"How the case got here","paragraphs":["The Supreme Court heard oral argument in this case on April 18, 2012."],"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 3, lines 7-17","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2011/11-551.pdf","page_label":"file page 3, lines 7-17"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 64, lines 13-17","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2011/11-551.pdf","page_label":"file page 64, lines 13-17"}]},{"heading":"What each side wants","paragraphs":["The Ramah Navajo Chapter wants the court to order the Secretary to pay the withheld funds.","The Secretary wants the court to confirm his authority to withhold funds to enforce caps."],"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 29, lines 29-7","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2011/11-551.pdf","page_label":"file page 29, lines 29-7"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 3, lines 19-5","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2011/11-551.pdf","page_label":"file page 3, lines 19-5"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 61, lines 19-23","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2011/11-551.pdf","page_label":"file page 61, lines 19-23"}]},{"heading":"What each side says","paragraphs":["The Ramah Navajo Chapter argues the Secretary must pay all approved tribal funds.","The Secretary argues the law requires him to withhold funds to enforce spending limits."],"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 29, lines 29-7","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2011/11-551.pdf","page_label":"file page 29, lines 29-7"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 3, lines 19-5","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2011/11-551.pdf","page_label":"file page 3, lines 19-5"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 61, lines 19-23","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2011/11-551.pdf","page_label":"file page 61, lines 19-23"}]},{"heading":"What the justices asked","paragraphs":["Justice Scalia asked why the same statutory language means different things in different acts.","Justice Sotomayor asked if the Secretary could have acted differently regarding the payments."],"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 10, lines 49-23","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2011/11-551.pdf","page_label":"file page 10, lines 49-23"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 11, lines 27-29","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2011/11-551.pdf","page_label":"file page 11, lines 27-29"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 4, lines 15-21","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2011/11-551.pdf","page_label":"file page 4, lines 15-21"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 4, lines 25-35","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2011/11-551.pdf","page_label":"file page 4, lines 25-35"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 4, lines 45-49","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2011/11-551.pdf","page_label":"file page 4, lines 45-49"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 4, lines 7-9","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2011/11-551.pdf","page_label":"file page 4, lines 7-9"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 5, lines 25-25","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2011/11-551.pdf","page_label":"file page 5, lines 25-25"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 6, lines 23-31","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2011/11-551.pdf","page_label":"file page 6, lines 23-31"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 6, lines 49-3","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2011/11-551.pdf","page_label":"file page 6, lines 49-3"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 61, lines 15-17","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2011/11-551.pdf","page_label":"file page 61, lines 15-17"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 61, lines 25-27","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2011/11-551.pdf","page_label":"file page 61, lines 25-27"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 61, lines 31-41","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2011/11-551.pdf","page_label":"file page 61, lines 31-41"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 62, lines 29-31","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2011/11-551.pdf","page_label":"file page 62, lines 29-31"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 62, lines 39-41","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2011/11-551.pdf","page_label":"file page 62, lines 39-41"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 62, lines 51-13","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2011/11-551.pdf","page_label":"file page 62, lines 51-13"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 62, lines 7-17","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2011/11-551.pdf","page_label":"file page 62, lines 7-17"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 63, lines 35-39","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2011/11-551.pdf","page_label":"file page 63, lines 35-39"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 64, lines 13-17","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2011/11-551.pdf","page_label":"file page 64, lines 13-17"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 7, lines 49-13","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2011/11-551.pdf","page_label":"file page 7, lines 49-13"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 8, lines 27-33","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2011/11-551.pdf","page_label":"file page 8, lines 27-33"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 9, lines 41-47","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2011/11-551.pdf","page_label":"file page 9, lines 41-47"}]},{"heading":"Why it matters","paragraphs":["This case defines the Secretary's power to withhold tribal funds. It determines how the government enforces spending caps on tribal programs."],"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 29, lines 29-7","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2011/11-551.pdf","page_label":"file page 29, lines 29-7"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 3, lines 19-5","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2011/11-551.pdf","page_label":"file page 3, lines 19-5"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 61, lines 19-23","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2011/11-551.pdf","page_label":"file page 61, lines 19-23"}]},{"heading":"What happens next","paragraphs":["This article currently covers the argument record. Use the official docket link for later case activity."],"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 10, lines 49-23","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2011/11-551.pdf","page_label":"file page 10, lines 49-23"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 11, lines 27-29","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2011/11-551.pdf","page_label":"file page 11, lines 27-29"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 3, lines 7-17","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2011/11-551.pdf","page_label":"file page 3, lines 7-17"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 4, lines 15-21","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2011/11-551.pdf","page_label":"file page 4, lines 15-21"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 4, lines 25-35","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2011/11-551.pdf","page_label":"file page 4, lines 25-35"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 4, lines 45-49","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2011/11-551.pdf","page_label":"file page 4, lines 45-49"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 4, lines 7-9","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2011/11-551.pdf","page_label":"file page 4, lines 7-9"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 5, lines 25-25","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2011/11-551.pdf","page_label":"file page 5, lines 25-25"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 6, lines 23-31","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2011/11-551.pdf","page_label":"file page 6, lines 23-31"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 6, lines 49-3","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2011/11-551.pdf","page_label":"file page 6, lines 49-3"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 61, lines 15-17","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2011/11-551.pdf","page_label":"file page 61, lines 15-17"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 61, lines 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49-13","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2011/11-551.pdf","page_label":"file page 7, lines 49-13"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 8, lines 27-33","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2011/11-551.pdf","page_label":"file page 8, lines 27-33"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 9, lines 41-47","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2011/11-551.pdf","page_label":"file page 9, lines 41-47"}]}],"slug":"2011-11-551-salazar-v-ramah-navajo-chapter","term":"2011","title":"Can the Interior Secretary withhold tribal funds to enforce spending caps?","title_sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 29, lines 29-7","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2011/11-551.pdf","page_label":"file page 29, lines 29-7"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 3, lines 19-5","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2011/11-551.pdf","page_label":"file page 3, lines 19-5"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 61, lines 19-23","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2011/11-551.pdf","page_label":"file page 61, lines 19-23"}],"topics":[],"undated_disposition_date_fallback":null,"updated_at":"2026-09-05T03:22:24Z"}