{"argument_date":"2009-04-22T00:00:00Z","arguments":[{"argument_date":"2009-04-22T00:00:00Z","heading":"What happened at the argument","official_detail_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcript/2008","official_transcript_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2008/07-1428.pdf","paragraphs":["Mr. Coleman argued racial classifications are inherently pernicious.","Mr. Kneedler argued Title VII prohibits discriminatory operations.","Mr. Meade argued employers must comply with disparate impact provisions."],"reargument":false,"sequence":1,"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 10, lines 9-39","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2008/07-1428.pdf","page_label":"file page 10, lines 9-39"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 11, lines 3-15","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2008/07-1428.pdf","page_label":"file page 11, lines 3-15"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 11, lines 31-37","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2008/07-1428.pdf","page_label":"file page 11, lines 31-37"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 12, lines 45-47","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2008/07-1428.pdf","page_label":"file page 12, lines 45-47"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 12, lines 9-33","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2008/07-1428.pdf","page_label":"file page 12, lines 9-33"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 27, lines 51-9","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2008/07-1428.pdf","page_label":"file page 27, lines 51-9"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 33, lines 37-37","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2008/07-1428.pdf","page_label":"file page 33, lines 37-37"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 4, lines 19-9","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2008/07-1428.pdf","page_label":"file page 4, lines 19-9"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 4, lines 7-17","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2008/07-1428.pdf","page_label":"file page 4, lines 7-17"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 43, lines 33-17","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2008/07-1428.pdf","page_label":"file page 43, lines 33-17"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 5, lines 11-15","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2008/07-1428.pdf","page_label":"file page 5, lines 11-15"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 5, lines 29-33","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2008/07-1428.pdf","page_label":"file page 5, lines 29-33"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 5, lines 51-35","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2008/07-1428.pdf","page_label":"file page 5, lines 51-35"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 58, lines 19-13","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2008/07-1428.pdf","page_label":"file page 58, lines 19-13"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 59, lines 15-29","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2008/07-1428.pdf","page_label":"file page 59, lines 15-29"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 59, lines 31-35","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2008/07-1428.pdf","page_label":"file page 59, lines 31-35"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 61, lines 19-25","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2008/07-1428.pdf","page_label":"file page 61, lines 19-25"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 61, lines 3-5","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2008/07-1428.pdf","page_label":"file page 61, lines 3-5"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 61, lines 31-35","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2008/07-1428.pdf","page_label":"file page 61, lines 31-35"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 61, lines 45-21","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2008/07-1428.pdf","page_label":"file page 61, lines 45-21"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 62, lines 49-51","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2008/07-1428.pdf","page_label":"file page 62, lines 49-51"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 63, lines 11-21","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2008/07-1428.pdf","page_label":"file page 63, lines 11-21"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 64, lines 43-45","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2008/07-1428.pdf","page_label":"file page 64, lines 43-45"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 64, lines 7-19","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2008/07-1428.pdf","page_label":"file page 64, lines 7-19"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 65, lines 17-25","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2008/07-1428.pdf","page_label":"file page 65, lines 17-25"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 65, lines 29-39","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2008/07-1428.pdf","page_label":"file page 65, lines 29-39"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 68, lines 17-23","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2008/07-1428.pdf","page_label":"file page 68, lines 17-23"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 7, lines 27-37","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2008/07-1428.pdf","page_label":"file page 7, lines 27-37"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 70, lines 25-9","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2008/07-1428.pdf","page_label":"file page 70, lines 25-9"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 8, lines 3-7","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2008/07-1428.pdf","page_label":"file page 8, lines 3-7"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 9, lines 17-27","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2008/07-1428.pdf","page_label":"file page 9, lines 17-27"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 9, lines 31-37","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2008/07-1428.pdf","page_label":"file page 9, lines 31-37"}]}],"caption":"Ricci v. DeStefano","case_history":[{"changed_at":"2026-08-29T20:06:26.383724Z","explanation":"An official oral-argument transcript was verified.","status":"argued"},{"changed_at":"2026-08-29T20:06:26.395574Z","explanation":"An official oral-argument transcript was verified.","status":"argued"}],"case_status":"argued","dek":"Firefighters challenge a city decision to discard valid promotion tests to avoid a disparate impact claim.","dek_sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 27, lines 51-9","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2008/07-1428.pdf","page_label":"file page 27, lines 51-9"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 33, lines 37-37","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2008/07-1428.pdf","page_label":"file page 33, lines 37-37"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 4, lines 19-9","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2008/07-1428.pdf","page_label":"file page 4, lines 19-9"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 43, lines 33-17","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2008/07-1428.pdf","page_label":"file page 43, lines 33-17"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 59, lines 15-29","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2008/07-1428.pdf","page_label":"file page 59, lines 15-29"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 70, lines 25-9","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2008/07-1428.pdf","page_label":"file page 70, lines 25-9"}],"dispositions":[],"latest_court_document_date":"2009-04-22T00:00:00Z","maturity":"official_transcript","official_detail_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcript/2008","official_disposition_urls":[],"official_docket_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/docket/docketfiles/html/public/07-1428.html","primary_docket":"07-1428","revisions":[{"correction_note":"Rewritten to the concise citizen-facing editorial standard.","created_at":"2026-08-31T02:16:11.397845Z","maturity":"official_transcript","revision_number":1},{"correction_note":"Migrated to the dated official Court activity contract without model use.","created_at":"2026-09-05T03:22:24Z","maturity":"official_transcript","revision_number":2}],"schema_version":"1.1","sections":[{"heading":"What this case is about","paragraphs":["The city argues it acted to avoid a disparate impact claim. The firefighters argue the city violated their rights by discarding valid results."],"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 27, lines 51-9","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2008/07-1428.pdf","page_label":"file page 27, lines 51-9"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 33, lines 37-37","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2008/07-1428.pdf","page_label":"file page 33, lines 37-37"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 4, lines 19-9","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2008/07-1428.pdf","page_label":"file page 4, lines 19-9"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 43, lines 33-17","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2008/07-1428.pdf","page_label":"file page 43, lines 33-17"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 59, lines 15-29","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2008/07-1428.pdf","page_label":"file page 59, lines 15-29"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 70, lines 25-9","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2008/07-1428.pdf","page_label":"file page 70, lines 25-9"}]},{"heading":"How the case got here","paragraphs":["The Supreme Court heard oral argument in this case on April 22, 2009."],"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 4, lines 7-17","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2008/07-1428.pdf","page_label":"file page 4, lines 7-17"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 68, lines 17-23","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2008/07-1428.pdf","page_label":"file page 68, lines 17-23"}]},{"heading":"What each side wants","paragraphs":["The city wants to keep the discarded test results.","The firefighters want the court to restore their promotions."],"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 27, lines 51-9","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2008/07-1428.pdf","page_label":"file page 27, lines 51-9"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 33, lines 37-37","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2008/07-1428.pdf","page_label":"file page 33, lines 37-37"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 4, lines 19-9","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2008/07-1428.pdf","page_label":"file page 4, lines 19-9"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 43, lines 33-17","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2008/07-1428.pdf","page_label":"file page 43, lines 33-17"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 59, lines 15-29","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2008/07-1428.pdf","page_label":"file page 59, lines 15-29"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 70, lines 25-9","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2008/07-1428.pdf","page_label":"file page 70, lines 25-9"}]},{"heading":"What each side says","paragraphs":["The city argues it avoided a disparate impact claim.","The firefighters argue the city violated their equal protection rights."],"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 27, lines 51-9","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2008/07-1428.pdf","page_label":"file page 27, lines 51-9"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 33, lines 37-37","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2008/07-1428.pdf","page_label":"file page 33, lines 37-37"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 4, lines 19-9","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2008/07-1428.pdf","page_label":"file page 4, lines 19-9"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 43, lines 33-17","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2008/07-1428.pdf","page_label":"file page 43, lines 33-17"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 59, lines 15-29","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2008/07-1428.pdf","page_label":"file page 59, lines 15-29"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 70, lines 25-9","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2008/07-1428.pdf","page_label":"file page 70, lines 25-9"}]},{"heading":"What the justices asked","paragraphs":["Justice Kennedy asked if the city's choice had a constitutional deficiency.","Justice Stevens asked if the decision was undisputedly race-based."],"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 10, lines 9-39","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2008/07-1428.pdf","page_label":"file page 10, lines 9-39"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 11, lines 3-15","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2008/07-1428.pdf","page_label":"file page 11, lines 3-15"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 11, lines 31-37","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2008/07-1428.pdf","page_label":"file page 11, lines 31-37"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 12, lines 45-47","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2008/07-1428.pdf","page_label":"file page 12, lines 45-47"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 12, lines 9-33","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2008/07-1428.pdf","page_label":"file page 12, lines 9-33"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 5, lines 11-15","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2008/07-1428.pdf","page_label":"file page 5, lines 11-15"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 5, lines 29-33","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2008/07-1428.pdf","page_label":"file page 5, lines 29-33"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 5, lines 51-35","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2008/07-1428.pdf","page_label":"file page 5, lines 51-35"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 58, lines 19-13","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2008/07-1428.pdf","page_label":"file page 58, lines 19-13"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 59, lines 31-35","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2008/07-1428.pdf","page_label":"file page 59, lines 31-35"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 61, lines 19-25","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2008/07-1428.pdf","page_label":"file page 61, lines 19-25"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 61, lines 3-5","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2008/07-1428.pdf","page_label":"file page 61, lines 3-5"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 61, lines 31-35","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2008/07-1428.pdf","page_label":"file page 61, lines 31-35"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 61, lines 45-21","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2008/07-1428.pdf","page_label":"file page 61, lines 45-21"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 62, lines 49-51","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2008/07-1428.pdf","page_label":"file page 62, lines 49-51"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 63, lines 11-21","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2008/07-1428.pdf","page_label":"file page 63, lines 11-21"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 64, lines 43-45","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2008/07-1428.pdf","page_label":"file page 64, lines 43-45"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 64, lines 7-19","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2008/07-1428.pdf","page_label":"file page 64, lines 7-19"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 65, lines 17-25","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2008/07-1428.pdf","page_label":"file page 65, lines 17-25"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 65, lines 29-39","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2008/07-1428.pdf","page_label":"file page 65, lines 29-39"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 7, lines 27-37","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2008/07-1428.pdf","page_label":"file page 7, lines 27-37"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 8, lines 3-7","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2008/07-1428.pdf","page_label":"file page 8, lines 3-7"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 9, lines 17-27","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2008/07-1428.pdf","page_label":"file page 9, lines 17-27"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 9, lines 31-37","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2008/07-1428.pdf","page_label":"file page 9, lines 31-37"}]},{"heading":"Why it matters","paragraphs":["This case defines when employers can discard valid test results. It balances disparate impact risks against individual rights. The outcome shapes future hiring and promotion practices."],"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 27, lines 51-9","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2008/07-1428.pdf","page_label":"file page 27, lines 51-9"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 33, lines 37-37","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2008/07-1428.pdf","page_label":"file page 33, lines 37-37"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 4, lines 19-9","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2008/07-1428.pdf","page_label":"file page 4, lines 19-9"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 43, lines 33-17","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2008/07-1428.pdf","page_label":"file page 43, lines 33-17"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 59, lines 15-29","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2008/07-1428.pdf","page_label":"file page 59, lines 15-29"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 70, lines 25-9","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2008/07-1428.pdf","page_label":"file page 70, lines 25-9"}]},{"heading":"What happens next","paragraphs":["This article currently covers the argument record. Use the official docket link for later case activity."],"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 10, lines 9-39","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2008/07-1428.pdf","page_label":"file page 10, lines 9-39"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 11, lines 3-15","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2008/07-1428.pdf","page_label":"file page 11, lines 3-15"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 11, lines 31-37","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2008/07-1428.pdf","page_label":"file page 11, lines 31-37"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 12, lines 45-47","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2008/07-1428.pdf","page_label":"file page 12, lines 45-47"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 12, lines 9-33","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2008/07-1428.pdf","page_label":"file page 12, lines 9-33"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 4, lines 7-17","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2008/07-1428.pdf","page_label":"file page 4, lines 7-17"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 5, lines 11-15","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2008/07-1428.pdf","page_label":"file page 5, lines 11-15"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 5, lines 29-33","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2008/07-1428.pdf","page_label":"file page 5, lines 29-33"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 5, lines 51-35","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2008/07-1428.pdf","page_label":"file page 5, lines 51-35"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 58, lines 19-13","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2008/07-1428.pdf","page_label":"file page 58, lines 19-13"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 59, lines 31-35","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2008/07-1428.pdf","page_label":"file page 59, lines 31-35"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 61, lines 19-25","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2008/07-1428.pdf","page_label":"file page 61, lines 19-25"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 61, lines 3-5","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2008/07-1428.pdf","page_label":"file 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lines 31-37"}]}],"slug":"2008-07-1428-ricci-v-destefano","term":"2008","title":"Can a city discard valid test results to avoid a disparate impact claim?","title_sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 27, lines 51-9","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2008/07-1428.pdf","page_label":"file page 27, lines 51-9"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 33, lines 37-37","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2008/07-1428.pdf","page_label":"file page 33, lines 37-37"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 4, lines 19-9","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2008/07-1428.pdf","page_label":"file page 4, lines 19-9"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 43, lines 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