{"argument_date":"2007-01-10T00:00:00Z","arguments":[{"argument_date":"2007-01-10T00:00:00Z","heading":"What happened at the argument","official_detail_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcript/2006","official_transcript_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2006/05-1508.pdf","paragraphs":["Ronald Van Amberg argued Congress enacted the equalization formula in 1994.","Justice Alito questioned whether the statutory language is truly unambiguous.","Justice Ginsburg noted the Department proposed the formula to Congress.","Justice Scalia asked if the same Secretary issued the new regulation."],"reargument":false,"sequence":1,"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 10, lines 3-5","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2006/05-1508.pdf","page_label":"file page 10, lines 3-5"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 23, lines 17-19","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2006/05-1508.pdf","page_label":"file page 23, lines 17-19"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 3, lines 19-13","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2006/05-1508.pdf","page_label":"file page 3, lines 19-13"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 3, lines 7-17","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2006/05-1508.pdf","page_label":"file page 3, lines 7-17"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 4, lines 15-21","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2006/05-1508.pdf","page_label":"file page 4, lines 15-21"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 4, lines 39-49","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2006/05-1508.pdf","page_label":"file page 4, lines 39-49"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 46, lines 17-23","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2006/05-1508.pdf","page_label":"file page 46, lines 17-23"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 5, lines 33-43","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2006/05-1508.pdf","page_label":"file page 5, lines 33-43"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 5, lines 47-49","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2006/05-1508.pdf","page_label":"file page 5, lines 47-49"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 5, lines 5-9","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2006/05-1508.pdf","page_label":"file page 5, lines 5-9"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 6, lines 19-25","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2006/05-1508.pdf","page_label":"file page 6, lines 19-25"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 6, lines 39-43","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2006/05-1508.pdf","page_label":"file page 6, lines 39-43"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 7, lines 33-39","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2006/05-1508.pdf","page_label":"file page 7, lines 33-39"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 7, lines 43-49","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2006/05-1508.pdf","page_label":"file page 7, lines 43-49"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 8, lines 7-19","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2006/05-1508.pdf","page_label":"file page 8, lines 7-19"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 9, lines 9-19","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2006/05-1508.pdf","page_label":"file page 9, lines 9-19"}]}],"caption":"Zuni Public School Dist. v. Department of Education","case_history":[{"changed_at":"2026-08-29T20:06:28.044293Z","explanation":"An official oral-argument transcript was verified.","status":"argued"}],"case_status":"argued","dek":"Zuni Public School District argues the law mandates a local comparison. The Department of Education claims the statute allows a national standard.","dek_sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 23, lines 17-19","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2006/05-1508.pdf","page_label":"file page 23, lines 17-19"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 3, lines 19-13","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2006/05-1508.pdf","page_label":"file page 3, lines 19-13"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 46, lines 17-23","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2006/05-1508.pdf","page_label":"file page 46, lines 17-23"}],"dispositions":[],"latest_court_document_date":"2007-01-10T00:00:00Z","maturity":"official_transcript","official_detail_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcript/2006","official_disposition_urls":[],"official_docket_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/docket/docketfiles/html/public/05-1508.html","primary_docket":"05-1508","revisions":[{"correction_note":"Rewritten to the concise citizen-facing editorial standard.","created_at":"2026-08-31T12:47:58.071118Z","maturity":"official_transcript","revision_number":1},{"correction_note":"Migrated to the dated official Court activity contract without model use.","created_at":"2026-09-05T03:22:24Z","maturity":"official_transcript","revision_number":2}],"schema_version":"1.1","sections":[{"heading":"What this case is about","paragraphs":["The case concerns how federal funds reach schools near federal lands. Zuni Public School District seeks a specific funding formula. The Department of Education defends its current calculation method."],"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 23, lines 17-19","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2006/05-1508.pdf","page_label":"file page 23, lines 17-19"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 3, lines 19-13","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2006/05-1508.pdf","page_label":"file page 3, lines 19-13"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 46, lines 17-23","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2006/05-1508.pdf","page_label":"file page 46, lines 17-23"}]},{"heading":"How the case got here","paragraphs":["The Supreme Court heard oral argument in this case on January 10, 2007."],"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 3, lines 7-17","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2006/05-1508.pdf","page_label":"file page 3, lines 7-17"}]},{"heading":"What each side wants","paragraphs":["Zuni Public School District wants the Court to mandate a local comparison for funding.","The Department of Education wants the Court to allow its national funding standard."],"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 23, lines 17-19","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2006/05-1508.pdf","page_label":"file page 23, lines 17-19"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 3, lines 19-13","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2006/05-1508.pdf","page_label":"file page 3, lines 19-13"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 46, lines 17-23","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2006/05-1508.pdf","page_label":"file page 46, lines 17-23"}]},{"heading":"What each side says","paragraphs":["Zuni Public School District argues the statute explicitly requires comparing schools to local agencies.","The Department of Education argues the statute permits using a national baseline for calculations."],"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 23, lines 17-19","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2006/05-1508.pdf","page_label":"file page 23, lines 17-19"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 3, lines 19-13","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2006/05-1508.pdf","page_label":"file page 3, lines 19-13"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 46, lines 17-23","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2006/05-1508.pdf","page_label":"file page 46, lines 17-23"}]},{"heading":"What the justices asked","paragraphs":["Justice Scalia asked when the prior regulations were promulgated.","Justice Breyer asked what specific items the agency distributes to schools."],"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 10, lines 3-5","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2006/05-1508.pdf","page_label":"file page 10, lines 3-5"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 4, lines 15-21","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2006/05-1508.pdf","page_label":"file page 4, lines 15-21"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 4, lines 39-49","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2006/05-1508.pdf","page_label":"file page 4, lines 39-49"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 5, lines 33-43","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2006/05-1508.pdf","page_label":"file page 5, lines 33-43"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 5, lines 47-49","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2006/05-1508.pdf","page_label":"file page 5, lines 47-49"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 5, lines 5-9","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2006/05-1508.pdf","page_label":"file page 5, lines 5-9"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 6, lines 19-25","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2006/05-1508.pdf","page_label":"file page 6, lines 19-25"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 6, lines 39-43","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2006/05-1508.pdf","page_label":"file page 6, lines 39-43"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 7, lines 33-39","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2006/05-1508.pdf","page_label":"file page 7, lines 33-39"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 7, lines 43-49","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2006/05-1508.pdf","page_label":"file page 7, lines 43-49"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 8, lines 7-19","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2006/05-1508.pdf","page_label":"file page 8, lines 7-19"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 9, lines 9-19","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2006/05-1508.pdf","page_label":"file page 9, lines 9-19"}]},{"heading":"Why it matters","paragraphs":["This dispute determines how federal funds reach schools near federal lands. The outcome affects the financial stability of these educational institutions. It clarifies the scope of federal funding formulas for public schools."],"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 23, lines 17-19","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2006/05-1508.pdf","page_label":"file page 23, lines 17-19"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 3, lines 19-13","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2006/05-1508.pdf","page_label":"file page 3, lines 19-13"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 46, lines 17-23","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2006/05-1508.pdf","page_label":"file page 46, lines 17-23"}]},{"heading":"What happens next","paragraphs":["This article currently covers the argument record. Use the official docket link for later case activity."],"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 10, lines 3-5","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2006/05-1508.pdf","page_label":"file page 10, lines 3-5"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 3, lines 7-17","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2006/05-1508.pdf","page_label":"file page 3, lines 7-17"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 4, lines 15-21","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2006/05-1508.pdf","page_label":"file page 4, lines 15-21"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 4, lines 39-49","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2006/05-1508.pdf","page_label":"file page 4, lines 39-49"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 5, lines 33-43","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2006/05-1508.pdf","page_label":"file page 5, lines 33-43"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 5, lines 47-49","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2006/05-1508.pdf","page_label":"file page 5, lines 47-49"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 5, lines 5-9","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2006/05-1508.pdf","page_label":"file page 5, lines 5-9"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 6, lines 19-25","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2006/05-1508.pdf","page_label":"file page 6, lines 19-25"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 6, lines 39-43","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2006/05-1508.pdf","page_label":"file page 6, lines 39-43"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 7, lines 33-39","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2006/05-1508.pdf","page_label":"file page 7, lines 33-39"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 7, lines 43-49","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2006/05-1508.pdf","page_label":"file page 7, lines 43-49"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 8, lines 7-19","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2006/05-1508.pdf","page_label":"file page 8, lines 7-19"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 9, lines 9-19","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2006/05-1508.pdf","page_label":"file page 9, lines 9-19"}]}],"slug":"2006-05-1508-zuni-public-school-dist-v-department-of-education","term":"2006","title":"Does the Impact Aid Act require comparing schools to local agencies?","title_sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 23, lines 17-19","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2006/05-1508.pdf","page_label":"file page 23, lines 17-19"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 3, lines 19-13","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2006/05-1508.pdf","page_label":"file page 3, lines 19-13"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 46, lines 17-23","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2006/05-1508.pdf","page_label":"file page 46, lines 17-23"}],"topics":[],"undated_disposition_date_fallback":null,"updated_at":"2026-09-05T03:22:24Z"}