{"argument_date":"2005-03-01T00:00:00Z","arguments":[{"argument_date":"2005-03-01T00:00:00Z","heading":"What happened at the argument","official_detail_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcript/2004","official_transcript_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/04-5293.pdf","paragraphs":["Rosemary Percival argued that the trial court violated Deck's due process rights by forcing him to appear in restraints.","She asserted that the Sixth, Eighth, and Fourteenth Amendments guarantee a fair and reliable sentencing proceeding.","The State's advocate argued that the trial court needs discretion to fashion security measures like restraints.","She emphasized that this discretion is particularly important in penalty phase cases to maintain safety."],"reargument":false,"sequence":1,"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 22, lines 7-21","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/04-5293.pdf","page_label":"file page 22, lines 7-21"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 3, lines 12-10","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/04-5293.pdf","page_label":"file page 3, lines 12-10"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 3, lines 4-10","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/04-5293.pdf","page_label":"file page 3, lines 4-10"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 4, lines 12-13","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/04-5293.pdf","page_label":"file page 4, lines 12-13"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 4, lines 28-33","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/04-5293.pdf","page_label":"file page 4, lines 28-33"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 5, lines 12-18","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/04-5293.pdf","page_label":"file page 5, lines 12-18"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 5, lines 25-28","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/04-5293.pdf","page_label":"file page 5, lines 25-28"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 5, lines 6-7","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/04-5293.pdf","page_label":"file page 5, lines 6-7"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 6, lines 1-6","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/04-5293.pdf","page_label":"file page 6, lines 1-6"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 6, lines 18-21","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/04-5293.pdf","page_label":"file page 6, lines 18-21"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 6, lines 24-30","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/04-5293.pdf","page_label":"file page 6, lines 24-30"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 6, lines 36-36","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/04-5293.pdf","page_label":"file page 6, lines 36-36"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 6, lines 9-10","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/04-5293.pdf","page_label":"file page 6, lines 9-10"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 7, lines 24-28","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/04-5293.pdf","page_label":"file page 7, lines 24-28"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 8, lines 6-15","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/04-5293.pdf","page_label":"file page 8, lines 6-15"}]}],"caption":"Deck v. Missouri","case_history":[{"changed_at":"2026-08-29T20:06:29.613675Z","explanation":"An official oral-argument transcript was verified.","status":"argued"}],"case_status":"argued","dek":"The dispute centers on whether a defendant can be forced to wear visible restraints during the penalty phase without the state proving a specific security need.","dek_sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 22, lines 7-21","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/04-5293.pdf","page_label":"file page 22, lines 7-21"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 3, lines 12-10","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/04-5293.pdf","page_label":"file page 3, lines 12-10"}],"dispositions":[],"latest_court_document_date":"2005-03-01T00:00:00Z","maturity":"official_transcript","official_detail_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcript/2004","official_disposition_urls":[],"official_docket_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/docket/docketfiles/html/public/04-5293.html","primary_docket":"04-5293","revisions":[{"correction_note":"Rewritten to the concise citizen-facing editorial standard.","created_at":"2026-08-31T14:47:38.466960Z","maturity":"official_transcript","revision_number":1},{"correction_note":"Migrated to the dated official Court activity contract without model use.","created_at":"2026-09-05T03:22:24Z","maturity":"official_transcript","revision_number":2}],"schema_version":"1.1","sections":[{"heading":"What this case is about","paragraphs":["Carman Deck argues that visible shackles during sentencing violate his due process rights. The State of Missouri argues that trial courts hold broad discretion to order security measures. The core conflict involves the allocation of the burden of proof for justifying restraints."],"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 22, lines 7-21","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/04-5293.pdf","page_label":"file page 22, lines 7-21"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 3, lines 12-10","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/04-5293.pdf","page_label":"file page 3, lines 12-10"}]},{"heading":"How the case got here","paragraphs":["The Supreme Court heard oral argument in this case on March 1, 2005."],"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 3, lines 4-10","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/04-5293.pdf","page_label":"file page 3, lines 4-10"}]},{"heading":"What each side wants","paragraphs":["Deck wants the Court to rule that the state must prove a specific security threat before using visible restraints.","Missouri wants the Court to affirm that trial courts possess broad discretion to order security measures without a specific evidentiary burden."],"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 22, lines 7-21","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/04-5293.pdf","page_label":"file page 22, lines 7-21"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 3, lines 12-10","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/04-5293.pdf","page_label":"file page 3, lines 12-10"}]},{"heading":"What each side says","paragraphs":["Deck contends that shackling during sentencing violates the Sixth, Eighth, and Fourteenth Amendments by undermining the reliability of the proceeding.","Missouri contends that the trial court needs discretion to fashion security measures, particularly in penalty phase cases, to ensure safety."],"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 22, lines 7-21","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/04-5293.pdf","page_label":"file page 22, lines 7-21"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 3, lines 12-10","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/04-5293.pdf","page_label":"file page 3, lines 12-10"}]},{"heading":"What the justices asked","paragraphs":["Justice Kennedy asked if the state bears the burden of proof when compromising a defendant's right not to be shackled.","Justice Souter asked for the basic justification for shackling and whether insufficient bailiffs caused the measure during trial itself."],"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 4, lines 12-13","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/04-5293.pdf","page_label":"file page 4, lines 12-13"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 4, lines 28-33","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/04-5293.pdf","page_label":"file page 4, lines 28-33"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 5, lines 12-18","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/04-5293.pdf","page_label":"file page 5, lines 12-18"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 5, lines 25-28","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/04-5293.pdf","page_label":"file page 5, lines 25-28"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 5, lines 6-7","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/04-5293.pdf","page_label":"file page 5, lines 6-7"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 6, lines 1-6","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/04-5293.pdf","page_label":"file page 6, lines 1-6"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 6, lines 18-21","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/04-5293.pdf","page_label":"file page 6, lines 18-21"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 6, lines 24-30","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/04-5293.pdf","page_label":"file page 6, lines 24-30"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 6, lines 36-36","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/04-5293.pdf","page_label":"file page 6, lines 36-36"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 6, lines 9-10","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/04-5293.pdf","page_label":"file page 6, lines 9-10"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 7, lines 24-28","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/04-5293.pdf","page_label":"file page 7, lines 24-28"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 8, lines 6-15","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/04-5293.pdf","page_label":"file page 8, lines 6-15"}]},{"heading":"Why it matters","paragraphs":["This case defines the constitutional limits on visible restraints during criminal sentencing. It determines whether defendants retain a right to appear unshackled unless the state proves a specific threat. The outcome shapes the balance between courtroom security and the integrity of the judicial process."],"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 22, lines 7-21","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/04-5293.pdf","page_label":"file page 22, lines 7-21"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 3, lines 12-10","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/04-5293.pdf","page_label":"file page 3, lines 12-10"}]},{"heading":"What happens next","paragraphs":["This article currently covers the argument record. Use the official docket link for later case activity."],"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 3, lines 4-10","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/04-5293.pdf","page_label":"file page 3, lines 4-10"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 4, lines 12-13","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/04-5293.pdf","page_label":"file page 4, lines 12-13"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 4, lines 28-33","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/04-5293.pdf","page_label":"file page 4, lines 28-33"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 5, lines 12-18","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/04-5293.pdf","page_label":"file page 5, lines 12-18"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 5, lines 25-28","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/04-5293.pdf","page_label":"file page 5, lines 25-28"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 5, lines 6-7","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/04-5293.pdf","page_label":"file page 5, lines 6-7"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 6, lines 1-6","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/04-5293.pdf","page_label":"file page 6, lines 1-6"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 6, lines 18-21","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/04-5293.pdf","page_label":"file page 6, lines 18-21"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 6, lines 24-30","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/04-5293.pdf","page_label":"file page 6, lines 24-30"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 6, lines 36-36","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/04-5293.pdf","page_label":"file page 6, lines 36-36"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 6, lines 9-10","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/04-5293.pdf","page_label":"file page 6, lines 9-10"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 7, lines 24-28","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/04-5293.pdf","page_label":"file page 7, lines 24-28"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 8, lines 6-15","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/04-5293.pdf","page_label":"file page 8, lines 6-15"}]}],"slug":"2004-04-5293-deck-v-missouri","term":"2004","title":"Must a state prove a specific security threat before shackling a defendant during sentencing?","title_sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 22, lines 7-21","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/04-5293.pdf","page_label":"file page 22, lines 7-21"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 3, lines 12-10","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/04-5293.pdf","page_label":"file page 3, lines 12-10"}],"topics":[],"undated_disposition_date_fallback":null,"updated_at":"2026-09-05T03:22:24Z"}