{"argument_date":"2005-03-21T00:00:00Z","arguments":[{"argument_date":"2005-03-21T00:00:00Z","heading":"What happened at the argument","official_detail_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcript/2004","official_transcript_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/04-278.pdf","paragraphs":["John Eastman argued the tragedy does not create a property interest.","He stated the restraining order did not grant a property right.","Mr. Reichel argued students receive more process than protective order holders.","He claimed the town provides less process than required by precedent."],"reargument":false,"sequence":1,"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 18, lines 29-27","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/04-278.pdf","page_label":"file page 18, lines 29-27"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 29, lines 21-43","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/04-278.pdf","page_label":"file page 29, lines 21-43"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 3, lines 13-37","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/04-278.pdf","page_label":"file page 3, lines 13-37"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 3, lines 3-11","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/04-278.pdf","page_label":"file page 3, lines 3-11"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 3, lines 39-43","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/04-278.pdf","page_label":"file page 3, lines 39-43"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 3, lines 47-1","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/04-278.pdf","page_label":"file page 3, lines 47-1"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 4, lines 13-17","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/04-278.pdf","page_label":"file page 4, lines 13-17"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 4, lines 31-35","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/04-278.pdf","page_label":"file page 4, lines 31-35"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 5, lines 23-31","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/04-278.pdf","page_label":"file page 5, lines 23-31"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 5, lines 3-11","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/04-278.pdf","page_label":"file page 5, lines 3-11"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 6, lines 13-17","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/04-278.pdf","page_label":"file page 6, lines 13-17"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 6, lines 37-43","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/04-278.pdf","page_label":"file page 6, lines 37-43"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 6, lines 5-7","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/04-278.pdf","page_label":"file page 6, lines 5-7"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 7, lines 23-25","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/04-278.pdf","page_label":"file page 7, lines 23-25"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 7, lines 31-33","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/04-278.pdf","page_label":"file page 7, lines 31-33"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 7, lines 9-19","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/04-278.pdf","page_label":"file page 7, lines 9-19"}]}],"caption":"Castle Rock v. Gonzales","case_history":[{"changed_at":"2026-08-29T20:06:29.436328Z","explanation":"An official oral-argument transcript was verified.","status":"argued"}],"case_status":"argued","dek":"Jessica Gonzales claims a Colorado statute created a property right to police enforcement. The Town of Castle Rock argues no such right exists.","dek_sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 18, lines 29-27","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/04-278.pdf","page_label":"file page 18, lines 29-27"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 29, lines 21-43","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/04-278.pdf","page_label":"file page 29, lines 21-43"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 3, lines 13-37","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/04-278.pdf","page_label":"file page 3, lines 13-37"}],"dispositions":[],"latest_court_document_date":"2005-03-21T00:00:00Z","maturity":"official_transcript","official_detail_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcript/2004","official_disposition_urls":[],"official_docket_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/docket/docketfiles/html/public/04-278.html","primary_docket":"04-278","revisions":[{"correction_note":"Rewritten to the concise citizen-facing editorial standard.","created_at":"2026-08-31T14:44:43.112705Z","maturity":"official_transcript","revision_number":1},{"correction_note":"Migrated to the dated official Court activity contract without model use.","created_at":"2026-09-05T03:22:24Z","maturity":"official_transcript","revision_number":2}],"schema_version":"1.1","sections":[{"heading":"What this case is about","paragraphs":["The case tests whether a state statute creates a federal property interest. The dispute centers on the meaning of the word shall in a protective order."],"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 18, lines 29-27","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/04-278.pdf","page_label":"file page 18, lines 29-27"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 29, lines 21-43","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/04-278.pdf","page_label":"file page 29, lines 21-43"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 3, lines 13-37","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/04-278.pdf","page_label":"file page 3, lines 13-37"}]},{"heading":"How the case got here","paragraphs":["The Supreme Court heard oral argument in this case on March 21, 2005."],"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 3, lines 3-11","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/04-278.pdf","page_label":"file page 3, lines 3-11"}]},{"heading":"What each side wants","paragraphs":["Jessica Gonzales wants the Court to find a property right to enforcement.","The Town of Castle Rock wants the Court to reject that property right."],"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 18, lines 29-27","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/04-278.pdf","page_label":"file page 18, lines 29-27"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 29, lines 21-43","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/04-278.pdf","page_label":"file page 29, lines 21-43"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 3, lines 13-37","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/04-278.pdf","page_label":"file page 3, lines 13-37"}]},{"heading":"What each side says","paragraphs":["Gonzales argues the statute mandates police action and creates a property interest.","Castle Rock argues private citizens lack a judicially cognizable interest in arrest."],"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 18, lines 29-27","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/04-278.pdf","page_label":"file page 18, lines 29-27"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 29, lines 21-43","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/04-278.pdf","page_label":"file page 29, lines 21-43"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 3, lines 13-37","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/04-278.pdf","page_label":"file page 3, lines 13-37"}]},{"heading":"What the justices asked","paragraphs":["Justice O'Connor asked how Colorado interprets the mandatory language.","Justice Scalia asked if the property interest question is state law."],"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 3, lines 39-43","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/04-278.pdf","page_label":"file page 3, lines 39-43"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 3, lines 47-1","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/04-278.pdf","page_label":"file page 3, lines 47-1"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 4, lines 13-17","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/04-278.pdf","page_label":"file page 4, lines 13-17"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 4, lines 31-35","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/04-278.pdf","page_label":"file page 4, lines 31-35"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 5, lines 23-31","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/04-278.pdf","page_label":"file page 5, lines 23-31"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 5, lines 3-11","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/04-278.pdf","page_label":"file page 5, lines 3-11"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 6, lines 13-17","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/04-278.pdf","page_label":"file page 6, lines 13-17"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 6, lines 37-43","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/04-278.pdf","page_label":"file page 6, lines 37-43"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 6, lines 5-7","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/04-278.pdf","page_label":"file page 6, lines 5-7"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 7, lines 23-25","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/04-278.pdf","page_label":"file page 7, lines 23-25"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 7, lines 31-33","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/04-278.pdf","page_label":"file page 7, lines 31-33"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 7, lines 9-19","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/04-278.pdf","page_label":"file page 7, lines 9-19"}]},{"heading":"Why it matters","paragraphs":["This case defines the scope of federal due process protections. It determines whether state statutes can create enforceable property rights. The outcome shapes police accountability for protective orders."],"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 18, lines 29-27","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/04-278.pdf","page_label":"file page 18, lines 29-27"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 29, lines 21-43","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/04-278.pdf","page_label":"file page 29, lines 21-43"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 3, lines 13-37","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/04-278.pdf","page_label":"file page 3, lines 13-37"}]},{"heading":"What happens next","paragraphs":["This article currently covers the argument record. Use the official docket link for later case activity."],"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 3, lines 3-11","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/04-278.pdf","page_label":"file page 3, lines 3-11"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 3, lines 39-43","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/04-278.pdf","page_label":"file page 3, lines 39-43"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 3, lines 47-1","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/04-278.pdf","page_label":"file page 3, lines 47-1"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 4, lines 13-17","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/04-278.pdf","page_label":"file page 4, lines 13-17"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 4, lines 31-35","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/04-278.pdf","page_label":"file page 4, lines 31-35"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 5, lines 23-31","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/04-278.pdf","page_label":"file page 5, lines 23-31"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 5, lines 3-11","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/04-278.pdf","page_label":"file page 5, lines 3-11"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 6, lines 13-17","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/04-278.pdf","page_label":"file page 6, lines 13-17"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 6, lines 37-43","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/04-278.pdf","page_label":"file page 6, lines 37-43"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 6, lines 5-7","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/04-278.pdf","page_label":"file page 6, lines 5-7"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 7, lines 23-25","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/04-278.pdf","page_label":"file page 7, lines 23-25"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 7, lines 31-33","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/04-278.pdf","page_label":"file page 7, lines 31-33"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 7, lines 9-19","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/04-278.pdf","page_label":"file page 7, lines 9-19"}]}],"slug":"2004-04-278-castle-rock-v-gonzales","term":"2004","title":"Does a mandatory protective order create a federal property right to police enforcement?","title_sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 18, lines 29-27","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/04-278.pdf","page_label":"file page 18, lines 29-27"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 29, lines 21-43","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/04-278.pdf","page_label":"file page 29, lines 21-43"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 3, lines 13-37","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/04-278.pdf","page_label":"file page 3, lines 13-37"}],"topics":[],"undated_disposition_date_fallback":null,"updated_at":"2026-09-05T03:22:24Z"}