{"argument_date":"2004-10-04T00:00:00Z","arguments":[{"argument_date":"2004-10-04T00:00:00Z","heading":"What happened at the argument","official_detail_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcript/2004","official_transcript_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/04-104.pdf","paragraphs":["Paul Clement argued the guidelines system handles traditional judicial tasks.","Kelly argued the judge added years based on unproven facts.","Justice Ginsburg questioned the distinction between legislative maximums and guidelines."],"reargument":false,"sequence":1,"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 10, lines 25-3","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/04-104.pdf","page_label":"file page 10, lines 25-3"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 106, lines 1-19","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/04-104.pdf","page_label":"file page 106, lines 1-19"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 11, lines 39-29","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/04-104.pdf","page_label":"file page 11, lines 39-29"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 13, lines 9-21","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/04-104.pdf","page_label":"file page 13, lines 9-21"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 14, lines 9-31","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/04-104.pdf","page_label":"file page 14, lines 9-31"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 16, lines 5-27","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/04-104.pdf","page_label":"file page 16, lines 5-27"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 17, lines 49-49","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/04-104.pdf","page_label":"file page 17, lines 49-49"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 17, lines 5-29","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/04-104.pdf","page_label":"file page 17, lines 5-29"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 18, lines 15-33","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/04-104.pdf","page_label":"file page 18, lines 15-33"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 19, lines 11-27","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/04-104.pdf","page_label":"file page 19, lines 11-27"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 4, lines 19-25","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/04-104.pdf","page_label":"file page 4, lines 19-25"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 4, lines 5-17","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/04-104.pdf","page_label":"file page 4, lines 5-17"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 6, lines 27-33","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/04-104.pdf","page_label":"file page 6, lines 27-33"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 6, lines 49-3","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/04-104.pdf","page_label":"file page 6, lines 49-3"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 60, lines 15-41","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/04-104.pdf","page_label":"file page 60, lines 15-41"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 61, lines 17-41","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/04-104.pdf","page_label":"file page 61, lines 17-41"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 61, lines 43-45","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/04-104.pdf","page_label":"file page 61, lines 43-45"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 61, lines 47-49","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/04-104.pdf","page_label":"file page 61, lines 47-49"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 62, lines 3-23","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/04-104.pdf","page_label":"file page 62, lines 3-23"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 62, lines 31-33","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/04-104.pdf","page_label":"file page 62, lines 31-33"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 62, lines 41-7","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/04-104.pdf","page_label":"file page 62, lines 41-7"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 63, lines 15-19","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/04-104.pdf","page_label":"file page 63, lines 15-19"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 63, lines 31-31","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/04-104.pdf","page_label":"file page 63, lines 31-31"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 63, lines 35-1","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/04-104.pdf","page_label":"file page 63, lines 35-1"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 64, lines 21-41","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/04-104.pdf","page_label":"file page 64, lines 21-41"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 65, lines 23-31","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/04-104.pdf","page_label":"file page 65, lines 23-31"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 65, lines 3-19","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/04-104.pdf","page_label":"file page 65, lines 3-19"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 66, lines 11-19","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/04-104.pdf","page_label":"file page 66, lines 11-19"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 8, lines 47-45","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/04-104.pdf","page_label":"file page 8, lines 47-45"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 88, lines 31-35","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/04-104.pdf","page_label":"file page 88, lines 31-35"}]}],"caption":"United States v. Booker","case_history":[{"changed_at":"2026-08-29T20:06:30.057692Z","explanation":"An official oral-argument transcript was verified.","status":"argued"},{"changed_at":"2026-08-29T20:06:30.084066Z","explanation":"An official oral-argument transcript was verified.","status":"argued"}],"case_status":"argued","dek":"The dispute centers on whether federal judges may increase sentences using facts not proven by a jury.","dek_sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 106, lines 1-19","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/04-104.pdf","page_label":"file page 106, lines 1-19"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 4, lines 19-25","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/04-104.pdf","page_label":"file page 4, lines 19-25"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 60, lines 15-41","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/04-104.pdf","page_label":"file page 60, lines 15-41"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 61, lines 43-45","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/04-104.pdf","page_label":"file page 61, lines 43-45"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 88, lines 31-35","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/04-104.pdf","page_label":"file page 88, lines 31-35"}],"dispositions":[],"latest_court_document_date":"2004-10-04T00:00:00Z","maturity":"official_transcript","official_detail_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcript/2004","official_disposition_urls":[],"official_docket_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/docket/docketfiles/html/public/04-104.html","primary_docket":"04-104","revisions":[{"correction_note":"Rewritten to the concise citizen-facing editorial standard.","created_at":"2026-08-31T15:31:19.590628Z","maturity":"official_transcript","revision_number":1},{"correction_note":"Migrated to the dated official Court activity contract without model use.","created_at":"2026-09-05T03:22:24Z","maturity":"official_transcript","revision_number":2}],"schema_version":"1.1","sections":[{"heading":"What this case is about","paragraphs":["This case tests the Sixth Amendment right to a jury trial in federal sentencing."],"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 106, lines 1-19","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/04-104.pdf","page_label":"file page 106, lines 1-19"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 4, lines 19-25","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/04-104.pdf","page_label":"file page 4, lines 19-25"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 60, lines 15-41","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/04-104.pdf","page_label":"file page 60, lines 15-41"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 61, lines 43-45","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/04-104.pdf","page_label":"file page 61, lines 43-45"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 88, lines 31-35","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/04-104.pdf","page_label":"file page 88, lines 31-35"}]},{"heading":"How the case got here","paragraphs":["The Supreme Court heard oral argument in this case on October 4, 2004."],"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 4, lines 5-17","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/04-104.pdf","page_label":"file page 4, lines 5-17"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 61, lines 17-41","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/04-104.pdf","page_label":"file page 61, lines 17-41"}]},{"heading":"What each side wants","paragraphs":["The government wants to keep the current sentencing guidelines system intact.","Booker wants the judge's added sentence years struck down as unconstitutional."],"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 106, lines 1-19","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/04-104.pdf","page_label":"file page 106, lines 1-19"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 4, lines 19-25","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/04-104.pdf","page_label":"file page 4, lines 19-25"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 60, lines 15-41","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/04-104.pdf","page_label":"file page 60, lines 15-41"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 61, lines 43-45","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/04-104.pdf","page_label":"file page 61, lines 43-45"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 88, lines 31-35","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/04-104.pdf","page_label":"file page 88, lines 31-35"}]},{"heading":"What each side says","paragraphs":["The government argues the guidelines system is too complex for jury trials.","Booker argues the Sixth Amendment requires juries to find all facts increasing sentences."],"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 106, lines 1-19","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/04-104.pdf","page_label":"file page 106, lines 1-19"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 4, lines 19-25","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/04-104.pdf","page_label":"file page 4, lines 19-25"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 60, lines 15-41","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/04-104.pdf","page_label":"file page 60, lines 15-41"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 61, lines 43-45","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/04-104.pdf","page_label":"file page 61, lines 43-45"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 88, lines 31-35","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/04-104.pdf","page_label":"file page 88, lines 31-35"}]},{"heading":"What the justices asked","paragraphs":["Justice Scalia asked if the jury trial right was argued in prior cases.","Justice Souter asked why complexity alone does not eliminate Sixth Amendment rights."],"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 10, lines 25-3","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/04-104.pdf","page_label":"file page 10, lines 25-3"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 11, lines 39-29","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/04-104.pdf","page_label":"file page 11, lines 39-29"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 13, lines 9-21","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/04-104.pdf","page_label":"file page 13, lines 9-21"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 14, lines 9-31","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/04-104.pdf","page_label":"file page 14, lines 9-31"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 16, lines 5-27","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/04-104.pdf","page_label":"file page 16, lines 5-27"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 17, lines 49-49","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/04-104.pdf","page_label":"file page 17, lines 49-49"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 17, lines 5-29","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/04-104.pdf","page_label":"file page 17, lines 5-29"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 18, lines 15-33","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/04-104.pdf","page_label":"file page 18, lines 15-33"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 19, lines 11-27","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/04-104.pdf","page_label":"file page 19, lines 11-27"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 6, lines 27-33","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/04-104.pdf","page_label":"file page 6, lines 27-33"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 6, lines 49-3","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/04-104.pdf","page_label":"file page 6, lines 49-3"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 61, lines 17-41","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/04-104.pdf","page_label":"file page 61, lines 17-41"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 61, lines 47-49","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/04-104.pdf","page_label":"file page 61, lines 47-49"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 62, lines 3-23","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/04-104.pdf","page_label":"file page 62, lines 3-23"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 62, lines 31-33","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/04-104.pdf","page_label":"file page 62, lines 31-33"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 62, lines 41-7","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/04-104.pdf","page_label":"file page 62, lines 41-7"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 63, lines 15-19","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/04-104.pdf","page_label":"file page 63, lines 15-19"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 63, lines 31-31","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/04-104.pdf","page_label":"file page 63, lines 31-31"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 63, lines 35-1","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/04-104.pdf","page_label":"file page 63, lines 35-1"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 64, lines 21-41","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/04-104.pdf","page_label":"file page 64, lines 21-41"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 65, lines 23-31","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/04-104.pdf","page_label":"file page 65, lines 23-31"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 65, lines 3-19","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/04-104.pdf","page_label":"file page 65, lines 3-19"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 66, lines 11-19","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/04-104.pdf","page_label":"file page 66, lines 11-19"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 8, lines 47-45","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/04-104.pdf","page_label":"file page 8, lines 47-45"}]},{"heading":"Why it matters","paragraphs":["This issue determines how federal courts calculate criminal sentences for thousands of defendants weekly."],"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 106, lines 1-19","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/04-104.pdf","page_label":"file page 106, lines 1-19"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 4, lines 19-25","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/04-104.pdf","page_label":"file page 4, lines 19-25"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 60, lines 15-41","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/04-104.pdf","page_label":"file page 60, lines 15-41"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 61, lines 43-45","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/04-104.pdf","page_label":"file page 61, lines 43-45"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 88, lines 31-35","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/04-104.pdf","page_label":"file page 88, lines 31-35"}]},{"heading":"What happens next","paragraphs":["This article currently covers the argument record. Use the official docket link for later case activity."],"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 10, lines 25-3","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/04-104.pdf","page_label":"file page 10, lines 25-3"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 11, lines 39-29","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/04-104.pdf","page_label":"file page 11, lines 39-29"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 13, lines 9-21","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/04-104.pdf","page_label":"file page 13, lines 9-21"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 14, lines 9-31","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/04-104.pdf","page_label":"file page 14, lines 9-31"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 16, lines 5-27","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/04-104.pdf","page_label":"file page 16, lines 5-27"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 17, lines 49-49","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/04-104.pdf","page_label":"file page 17, lines 49-49"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 17, lines 5-29","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/04-104.pdf","page_label":"file page 17, lines 5-29"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 18, lines 15-33","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/04-104.pdf","page_label":"file page 18, lines 15-33"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 19, lines 11-27","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/04-104.pdf","page_label":"file page 19, lines 11-27"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 4, lines 5-17","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/04-104.pdf","page_label":"file page 4, lines 5-17"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 6, lines 27-33","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/04-104.pdf","page_label":"file page 6, lines 27-33"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 6, lines 49-3","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/04-104.pdf","page_label":"file page 6, lines 49-3"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 61, lines 17-41","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/04-104.pdf","page_label":"file page 61, lines 17-41"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 61, lines 47-49","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/04-104.pdf","page_label":"file page 61, lines 47-49"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 62, lines 3-23","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/04-104.pdf","page_label":"file page 62, lines 3-23"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 62, lines 31-33","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/04-104.pdf","page_label":"file page 62, lines 31-33"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 62, lines 41-7","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/04-104.pdf","page_label":"file page 62, lines 41-7"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 63, lines 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65, lines 23-31"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 65, lines 3-19","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/04-104.pdf","page_label":"file page 65, lines 3-19"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 66, lines 11-19","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/04-104.pdf","page_label":"file page 66, lines 11-19"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 8, lines 47-45","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/04-104.pdf","page_label":"file page 8, lines 47-45"}]}],"slug":"2004-04-104-united-states-v-booker","term":"2004","title":"Can a judge impose a higher sentence based on facts not found by a jury?","title_sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 106, lines 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88, lines 31-35"}],"topics":[],"undated_disposition_date_fallback":null,"updated_at":"2026-09-05T03:22:24Z"}