{"argument_date":"2004-11-10T00:00:00Z","arguments":[{"argument_date":"2004-11-10T00:00:00Z","heading":"What happened at the argument","official_detail_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcript/2004","official_transcript_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/03-923.pdf","paragraphs":["Lisa Madigan argued the sniff is not a search. She cited Place and Edmond as precedent for this view.","Robert Wray stated the stop was lawful. He noted the stop lasted less than nine minutes.","Michael Meczyk argued the state lacked justification. He claimed the sniff invaded Cabales' Fourth Amendment interests."],"reargument":false,"sequence":1,"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 18, lines 15-29","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/03-923.pdf","page_label":"file page 18, lines 15-29"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 27, lines 23-43","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/03-923.pdf","page_label":"file page 27, lines 23-43"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 3, lines 15-29","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/03-923.pdf","page_label":"file page 3, lines 15-29"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 3, lines 31-1","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/03-923.pdf","page_label":"file page 3, lines 31-1"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 3, lines 5-13","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/03-923.pdf","page_label":"file page 3, lines 5-13"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 4, lines 15-45","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/03-923.pdf","page_label":"file page 4, lines 15-45"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 5, lines 17-25","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/03-923.pdf","page_label":"file page 5, lines 17-25"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 6, lines 27-35","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/03-923.pdf","page_label":"file page 6, lines 27-35"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 6, lines 37-1","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/03-923.pdf","page_label":"file page 6, lines 37-1"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 6, lines 9-17","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/03-923.pdf","page_label":"file page 6, lines 9-17"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 7, lines 13-15","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/03-923.pdf","page_label":"file page 7, lines 13-15"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 7, lines 19-23","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/03-923.pdf","page_label":"file page 7, lines 19-23"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 7, lines 29-37","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/03-923.pdf","page_label":"file page 7, lines 29-37"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 8, lines 11-13","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/03-923.pdf","page_label":"file page 8, lines 11-13"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 8, lines 41-47","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/03-923.pdf","page_label":"file page 8, lines 41-47"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 9, lines 9-13","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/03-923.pdf","page_label":"file page 9, lines 9-13"}]}],"caption":"Illinois v. Caballes","case_history":[{"changed_at":"2026-08-29T20:06:30.022403Z","explanation":"An official oral-argument transcript was verified.","status":"argued"}],"case_status":"argued","dek":"Illinois argues a dog sniff is not a search. Cabales argues the sniff invaded his privacy rights.","dek_sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 18, lines 15-29","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/03-923.pdf","page_label":"file page 18, lines 15-29"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 27, lines 23-43","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/03-923.pdf","page_label":"file page 27, lines 23-43"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 3, lines 15-29","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/03-923.pdf","page_label":"file page 3, lines 15-29"}],"dispositions":[],"latest_court_document_date":"2004-11-10T00:00:00Z","maturity":"official_transcript","official_detail_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcript/2004","official_disposition_urls":[],"official_docket_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/docket/docketfiles/html/public/03-923.html","primary_docket":"03-923","revisions":[{"correction_note":"Rewritten to the concise citizen-facing editorial standard.","created_at":"2026-08-31T15:19:43.248999Z","maturity":"official_transcript","revision_number":1},{"correction_note":"Migrated to the dated official Court activity contract without model use.","created_at":"2026-09-05T03:22:24Z","maturity":"official_transcript","revision_number":2}],"schema_version":"1.1","sections":[{"heading":"What this case is about","paragraphs":["The case tests whether a drug dog sniff during a lawful traffic stop counts as a Fourth Amendment search. Illinois claims the sniff needs no justification. Cabales claims the sniff violated his privacy rights."],"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 18, lines 15-29","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/03-923.pdf","page_label":"file page 18, lines 15-29"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 27, lines 23-43","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/03-923.pdf","page_label":"file page 27, lines 23-43"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 3, lines 15-29","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/03-923.pdf","page_label":"file page 3, lines 15-29"}]},{"heading":"How the case got here","paragraphs":["The Supreme Court heard oral argument in this case on November 10, 2004."],"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 3, lines 5-13","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/03-923.pdf","page_label":"file page 3, lines 5-13"}]},{"heading":"What each side wants","paragraphs":["Illinois wants the Court to rule the dog sniff is not a search. This would let police use dogs freely during traffic stops.","Cabales wants the Court to rule the dog sniff is a search. This would require police to have a valid reason before using a dog."],"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 18, lines 15-29","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/03-923.pdf","page_label":"file page 18, lines 15-29"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 27, lines 23-43","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/03-923.pdf","page_label":"file page 27, lines 23-43"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 3, lines 15-29","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/03-923.pdf","page_label":"file page 3, lines 15-29"}]},{"heading":"What each side says","paragraphs":["Illinois argues a dog sniff is not a search. They cite prior cases saying sniffs need no Fourth Amendment justification.","Cabales argues the sniff invaded his privacy. He says the state offered no valid Fourth Amendment justification for the action."],"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 18, lines 15-29","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/03-923.pdf","page_label":"file page 18, lines 15-29"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 27, lines 23-43","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/03-923.pdf","page_label":"file page 27, lines 23-43"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 3, lines 15-29","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/03-923.pdf","page_label":"file page 3, lines 15-29"}]},{"heading":"What the justices asked","paragraphs":["Justice Stevens asked if officers knew Cabales in advance. He noted they do not arrest every speeding driver.","Justice Kennedy asked if the location mattered more than the target. He questioned the nature of the place searched."],"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 3, lines 31-1","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/03-923.pdf","page_label":"file page 3, lines 31-1"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 4, lines 15-45","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/03-923.pdf","page_label":"file page 4, lines 15-45"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 5, lines 17-25","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/03-923.pdf","page_label":"file page 5, lines 17-25"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 6, lines 27-35","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/03-923.pdf","page_label":"file page 6, lines 27-35"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 6, lines 37-1","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/03-923.pdf","page_label":"file page 6, lines 37-1"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 6, lines 9-17","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/03-923.pdf","page_label":"file page 6, lines 9-17"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 7, lines 13-15","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/03-923.pdf","page_label":"file page 7, lines 13-15"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 7, lines 19-23","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/03-923.pdf","page_label":"file page 7, lines 19-23"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 7, lines 29-37","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/03-923.pdf","page_label":"file page 7, lines 29-37"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 8, lines 11-13","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/03-923.pdf","page_label":"file page 8, lines 11-13"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 8, lines 41-47","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/03-923.pdf","page_label":"file page 8, lines 41-47"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 9, lines 9-13","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/03-923.pdf","page_label":"file page 9, lines 9-13"}]},{"heading":"Why it matters","paragraphs":["This case defines police power during traffic stops. It determines if dogs can sniff cars without suspicion. The outcome shapes privacy rights on public roads."],"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 18, lines 15-29","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/03-923.pdf","page_label":"file page 18, lines 15-29"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 27, lines 23-43","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/03-923.pdf","page_label":"file page 27, lines 23-43"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 3, lines 15-29","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/03-923.pdf","page_label":"file page 3, lines 15-29"}]},{"heading":"What happens next","paragraphs":["This article currently covers the argument record. Use the official docket link for later case activity."],"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 3, lines 31-1","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/03-923.pdf","page_label":"file page 3, lines 31-1"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 3, lines 5-13","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/03-923.pdf","page_label":"file page 3, lines 5-13"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 4, lines 15-45","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/03-923.pdf","page_label":"file page 4, lines 15-45"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 5, lines 17-25","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/03-923.pdf","page_label":"file page 5, lines 17-25"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 6, lines 27-35","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/03-923.pdf","page_label":"file page 6, lines 27-35"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 6, lines 37-1","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/03-923.pdf","page_label":"file page 6, lines 37-1"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 6, lines 9-17","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/03-923.pdf","page_label":"file page 6, lines 9-17"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 7, lines 13-15","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/03-923.pdf","page_label":"file page 7, lines 13-15"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 7, lines 19-23","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/03-923.pdf","page_label":"file page 7, lines 19-23"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 7, lines 29-37","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/03-923.pdf","page_label":"file page 7, lines 29-37"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 8, lines 11-13","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/03-923.pdf","page_label":"file page 8, lines 11-13"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 8, lines 41-47","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/03-923.pdf","page_label":"file page 8, lines 41-47"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 9, lines 9-13","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/03-923.pdf","page_label":"file page 9, lines 9-13"}]}],"slug":"2004-03-923-illinois-v-caballes","term":"2004","title":"Does a drug dog sniff during a traffic stop require probable cause?","title_sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 18, lines 15-29","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/03-923.pdf","page_label":"file page 18, lines 15-29"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 27, lines 23-43","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/03-923.pdf","page_label":"file page 27, lines 23-43"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 3, lines 15-29","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/03-923.pdf","page_label":"file page 3, lines 15-29"}],"topics":[],"undated_disposition_date_fallback":null,"updated_at":"2026-09-05T03:22:24Z"}