{"argument_date":"2004-10-05T00:00:00Z","arguments":[{"argument_date":"2004-10-05T00:00:00Z","heading":"What happened at the argument","official_detail_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcript/2004","official_transcript_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/03-409.pdf","paragraphs":["Ms. Millett cited a prior case to show fair use can exist despite potential confusion.","Ms. Brinkmann argued that an absolute fair-use defense contradicts the Lanham Act's text and history.","Mr. Machat stated the case concerns whether fair-use defendants must prove no likelihood of confusion."],"reargument":false,"sequence":1,"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 16, lines 21-60","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/03-409.pdf","page_label":"file page 16, lines 21-60"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 25, lines 49-21","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/03-409.pdf","page_label":"file page 25, lines 49-21"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 3, lines 17-43","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/03-409.pdf","page_label":"file page 3, lines 17-43"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 3, lines 5-15","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/03-409.pdf","page_label":"file page 3, lines 5-15"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 4, lines 17-21","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/03-409.pdf","page_label":"file page 4, lines 17-21"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 4, lines 27-31","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/03-409.pdf","page_label":"file page 4, lines 27-31"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 5, lines 17-21","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/03-409.pdf","page_label":"file page 5, lines 17-21"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 5, lines 43-15","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/03-409.pdf","page_label":"file page 5, lines 43-15"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 6, lines 23-27","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/03-409.pdf","page_label":"file page 6, lines 23-27"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 7, lines 1-7","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/03-409.pdf","page_label":"file page 7, lines 1-7"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 7, lines 13-21","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/03-409.pdf","page_label":"file page 7, lines 13-21"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 7, lines 43-47","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/03-409.pdf","page_label":"file page 7, lines 43-47"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 8, lines 17-31","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/03-409.pdf","page_label":"file page 8, lines 17-31"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 9, lines 17-27","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/03-409.pdf","page_label":"file page 9, lines 17-27"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 9, lines 31-35","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/03-409.pdf","page_label":"file page 9, lines 31-35"}]}],"caption":"KP Permanent Make-Up, Inc. v. Lasting Impression, Inc.","case_history":[{"changed_at":"2026-08-29T20:06:30.054997Z","explanation":"An official oral-argument transcript was verified.","status":"argued"}],"case_status":"argued","dek":"KP Permanent Make-Up argues the fair-use defense applies regardless of confusion. Lasting Impression argues confusion defeats the defense.","dek_sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 16, lines 21-60","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/03-409.pdf","page_label":"file page 16, lines 21-60"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 25, lines 49-21","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/03-409.pdf","page_label":"file page 25, lines 49-21"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 3, lines 17-43","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/03-409.pdf","page_label":"file page 3, lines 17-43"}],"dispositions":[],"latest_court_document_date":"2004-10-05T00:00:00Z","maturity":"official_transcript","official_detail_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcript/2004","official_disposition_urls":[],"official_docket_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/docket/docketfiles/html/public/03-409.html","primary_docket":"03-409","revisions":[{"correction_note":"Rewritten to the concise citizen-facing editorial standard.","created_at":"2026-08-31T15:29:10.403697Z","maturity":"official_transcript","revision_number":1},{"correction_note":"Migrated to the dated official Court activity contract without model use.","created_at":"2026-09-05T03:22:24Z","maturity":"official_transcript","revision_number":2}],"schema_version":"1.1","sections":[{"heading":"What this case is about","paragraphs":["The dispute centers on the Lanham Act fair-use defense. KP Permanent Make-Up seeks to use this defense without proving a lack of consumer confusion. Lasting Impression argues that consumer confusion must defeat the defense. The lower court ruled against KP Permanent Make-Up on this issue."],"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 16, lines 21-60","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/03-409.pdf","page_label":"file page 16, lines 21-60"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 25, lines 49-21","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/03-409.pdf","page_label":"file page 25, lines 49-21"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 3, lines 17-43","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/03-409.pdf","page_label":"file page 3, lines 17-43"}]},{"heading":"How the case got here","paragraphs":["The Supreme Court heard oral argument in this case on October 5, 2004."],"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 3, lines 5-15","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/03-409.pdf","page_label":"file page 3, lines 5-15"}]},{"heading":"What each side wants","paragraphs":["KP Permanent Make-Up wants the Court to hold that fair use applies even if consumer confusion exists.","Lasting Impression wants the Court to hold that consumer confusion defeats the fair-use defense."],"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 16, lines 21-60","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/03-409.pdf","page_label":"file page 16, lines 21-60"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 25, lines 49-21","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/03-409.pdf","page_label":"file page 25, lines 49-21"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 3, lines 17-43","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/03-409.pdf","page_label":"file page 3, lines 17-43"}]},{"heading":"What each side says","paragraphs":["KP Permanent Make-Up argues that meeting statutory fair-use requirements is sufficient, regardless of confusion.","Lasting Impression argues that the fair-use defense is contrary to the Lanham Act's purpose if confusion exists."],"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 16, lines 21-60","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/03-409.pdf","page_label":"file page 16, lines 21-60"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 25, lines 49-21","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/03-409.pdf","page_label":"file page 25, lines 49-21"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 3, lines 17-43","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/03-409.pdf","page_label":"file page 3, lines 17-43"}]},{"heading":"What the justices asked","paragraphs":["Justice O'Connor asked if consumer confusion is a factor in determining what constitutes fair use.","Justice Scalia asked if the only question is whether the fair-use provision is an exception when confusion exists."],"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 3, lines 5-15","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/03-409.pdf","page_label":"file page 3, lines 5-15"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 4, lines 17-21","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/03-409.pdf","page_label":"file page 4, lines 17-21"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 4, lines 27-31","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/03-409.pdf","page_label":"file page 4, lines 27-31"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 5, lines 17-21","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/03-409.pdf","page_label":"file page 5, lines 17-21"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 5, lines 43-15","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/03-409.pdf","page_label":"file page 5, lines 43-15"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 6, lines 23-27","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/03-409.pdf","page_label":"file page 6, lines 23-27"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 7, lines 1-7","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/03-409.pdf","page_label":"file page 7, lines 1-7"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 7, lines 13-21","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/03-409.pdf","page_label":"file page 7, lines 13-21"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 7, lines 43-47","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/03-409.pdf","page_label":"file page 7, lines 43-47"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 8, lines 17-31","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/03-409.pdf","page_label":"file page 8, lines 17-31"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 9, lines 17-27","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/03-409.pdf","page_label":"file page 9, lines 17-27"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 9, lines 31-35","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/03-409.pdf","page_label":"file page 9, lines 31-35"}]},{"heading":"Why it matters","paragraphs":["This case defines the scope of the trademark fair-use defense. It determines whether businesses can use similar marks if they act in good faith. The outcome affects how companies navigate trademark disputes and consumer protection laws."],"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 16, lines 21-60","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/03-409.pdf","page_label":"file page 16, lines 21-60"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 25, lines 49-21","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/03-409.pdf","page_label":"file page 25, lines 49-21"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 3, lines 17-43","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/03-409.pdf","page_label":"file page 3, lines 17-43"}]},{"heading":"What happens next","paragraphs":["This article currently covers the argument record. Use the official docket link for later case activity."],"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 3, lines 5-15","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/03-409.pdf","page_label":"file page 3, lines 5-15"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 4, lines 17-21","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/03-409.pdf","page_label":"file page 4, lines 17-21"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 4, lines 27-31","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/03-409.pdf","page_label":"file page 4, lines 27-31"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 5, lines 17-21","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/03-409.pdf","page_label":"file page 5, lines 17-21"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 5, lines 43-15","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/03-409.pdf","page_label":"file page 5, lines 43-15"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 6, lines 23-27","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/03-409.pdf","page_label":"file page 6, lines 23-27"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 7, lines 1-7","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/03-409.pdf","page_label":"file page 7, lines 1-7"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 7, lines 13-21","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/03-409.pdf","page_label":"file page 7, lines 13-21"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 7, lines 43-47","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/03-409.pdf","page_label":"file page 7, lines 43-47"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 8, lines 17-31","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/03-409.pdf","page_label":"file page 8, lines 17-31"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 9, lines 17-27","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/03-409.pdf","page_label":"file page 9, lines 17-27"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 9, lines 31-35","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/03-409.pdf","page_label":"file page 9, lines 31-35"}]}],"slug":"2004-03-409-kp-permanent-make-up-inc-v-lasting-impression-inc","term":"2004","title":"Does trademark fair use require proof of no consumer confusion?","title_sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 16, lines 21-60","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/03-409.pdf","page_label":"file page 16, lines 21-60"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 25, lines 49-21","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/03-409.pdf","page_label":"file page 25, lines 49-21"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 3, lines 17-43","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/03-409.pdf","page_label":"file page 3, lines 17-43"}],"topics":[],"undated_disposition_date_fallback":null,"updated_at":"2026-09-05T03:22:24Z"}