{"argument_date":"2004-11-30T00:00:00Z","arguments":[{"argument_date":"2004-11-30T00:00:00Z","heading":"What happened at the argument","official_detail_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcript/2004","official_transcript_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/02-1672.pdf","paragraphs":["Mr. Dellinger argued Title IX stands alone as the only major civil rights statute permitting retaliation claims.","Mr. Gornstein asserted administrative sanctions have never been imposed under Title IX.","Mr. Newsom clarified the scope of the available administrative remedy."],"reargument":false,"sequence":1,"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 10, lines 33-7","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/02-1672.pdf","page_label":"file page 10, lines 33-7"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 11, lines 19-25","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/02-1672.pdf","page_label":"file page 11, lines 19-25"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 11, lines 29-31","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/02-1672.pdf","page_label":"file page 11, lines 29-31"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 11, lines 41-43","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/02-1672.pdf","page_label":"file page 11, lines 41-43"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 11, lines 47-47","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/02-1672.pdf","page_label":"file page 11, lines 47-47"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 17, lines 49-1","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/02-1672.pdf","page_label":"file page 17, lines 49-1"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 26, lines 13-39","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/02-1672.pdf","page_label":"file page 26, lines 13-39"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 3, lines 15-41","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/02-1672.pdf","page_label":"file page 3, lines 15-41"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 3, lines 43-54","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/02-1672.pdf","page_label":"file page 3, lines 43-54"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 3, lines 5-13","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/02-1672.pdf","page_label":"file page 3, lines 5-13"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 42, lines 25-19","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/02-1672.pdf","page_label":"file page 42, lines 25-19"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 5, lines 19-37","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/02-1672.pdf","page_label":"file page 5, lines 19-37"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 6, lines 3-5","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/02-1672.pdf","page_label":"file page 6, lines 3-5"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 6, lines 9-11","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/02-1672.pdf","page_label":"file page 6, lines 9-11"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 7, lines 27-37","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/02-1672.pdf","page_label":"file page 7, lines 27-37"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 7, lines 41-43","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/02-1672.pdf","page_label":"file page 7, lines 41-43"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 9, lines 1-17","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/02-1672.pdf","page_label":"file page 9, lines 1-17"}]}],"caption":"Jackson v. Birmingham Bd. of Ed.","case_history":[{"changed_at":"2026-08-29T20:06:29.813071Z","explanation":"An official oral-argument transcript was verified.","status":"argued"}],"case_status":"argued","dek":"A teacher claims a school punished her for reporting sex discrimination. The school argues only administrative fixes apply.","dek_sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 17, lines 49-1","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/02-1672.pdf","page_label":"file page 17, lines 49-1"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 26, lines 13-39","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/02-1672.pdf","page_label":"file page 26, lines 13-39"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 3, lines 15-41","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/02-1672.pdf","page_label":"file page 3, lines 15-41"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 42, lines 25-19","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/02-1672.pdf","page_label":"file page 42, lines 25-19"}],"dispositions":[],"latest_court_document_date":"2004-11-30T00:00:00Z","maturity":"official_transcript","official_detail_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcript/2004","official_disposition_urls":[],"official_docket_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/docket/docketfiles/html/public/02-1672.html","primary_docket":"02-1672","revisions":[{"correction_note":"Rewritten to the concise citizen-facing editorial standard.","created_at":"2026-08-31T15:15:23.907121Z","maturity":"official_transcript","revision_number":1},{"correction_note":"Migrated to the dated official Court activity contract without model use.","created_at":"2026-09-05T03:22:24Z","maturity":"official_transcript","revision_number":2}],"schema_version":"1.1","sections":[{"heading":"What this case is about","paragraphs":["The case tests whether Title IX allows private lawsuits for retaliation. The teacher seeks money damages. The school seeks to limit remedies to administrative fixes."],"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 17, lines 49-1","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/02-1672.pdf","page_label":"file page 17, lines 49-1"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 26, lines 13-39","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/02-1672.pdf","page_label":"file page 26, lines 13-39"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 3, lines 15-41","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/02-1672.pdf","page_label":"file page 3, lines 15-41"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 42, lines 25-19","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/02-1672.pdf","page_label":"file page 42, lines 25-19"}]},{"heading":"How the case got here","paragraphs":["The Supreme Court heard oral argument in this case on November 30, 2004."],"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 3, lines 5-13","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/02-1672.pdf","page_label":"file page 3, lines 5-13"}]},{"heading":"What each side wants","paragraphs":["The teacher wants a private right to sue for money damages.","The school wants to limit remedies to administrative fixes only."],"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 17, lines 49-1","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/02-1672.pdf","page_label":"file page 17, lines 49-1"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 26, lines 13-39","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/02-1672.pdf","page_label":"file page 26, lines 13-39"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 3, lines 15-41","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/02-1672.pdf","page_label":"file page 3, lines 15-41"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 42, lines 25-19","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/02-1672.pdf","page_label":"file page 42, lines 25-19"}]},{"heading":"What each side says","paragraphs":["The teacher argues Title IX is the only major civil rights law allowing retaliation claims.","The school argues administrative sanctions have never been imposed under Title IX."],"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 17, lines 49-1","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/02-1672.pdf","page_label":"file page 17, lines 49-1"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 26, lines 13-39","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/02-1672.pdf","page_label":"file page 26, lines 13-39"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 3, lines 15-41","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/02-1672.pdf","page_label":"file page 3, lines 15-41"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 42, lines 25-19","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/02-1672.pdf","page_label":"file page 42, lines 25-19"}]},{"heading":"What the justices asked","paragraphs":["Justice O'Connor asked if the teacher sought an administrative remedy.","Justice Kennedy asked if the core issue is a private cause of action for damages."],"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 10, lines 33-7","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/02-1672.pdf","page_label":"file page 10, lines 33-7"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 11, lines 19-25","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/02-1672.pdf","page_label":"file page 11, lines 19-25"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 11, lines 29-31","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/02-1672.pdf","page_label":"file page 11, lines 29-31"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 11, lines 41-43","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/02-1672.pdf","page_label":"file page 11, lines 41-43"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 11, lines 47-47","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/02-1672.pdf","page_label":"file page 11, lines 47-47"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 3, lines 43-54","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/02-1672.pdf","page_label":"file page 3, lines 43-54"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 5, lines 19-37","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/02-1672.pdf","page_label":"file page 5, lines 19-37"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 6, lines 3-5","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/02-1672.pdf","page_label":"file page 6, lines 3-5"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 6, lines 9-11","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/02-1672.pdf","page_label":"file page 6, lines 9-11"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 7, lines 27-37","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/02-1672.pdf","page_label":"file page 7, lines 27-37"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 7, lines 41-43","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/02-1672.pdf","page_label":"file page 7, lines 41-43"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 9, lines 1-17","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/02-1672.pdf","page_label":"file page 9, lines 1-17"}]},{"heading":"Why it matters","paragraphs":["This case defines the scope of Title IX protections. It determines whether victims of retaliation can seek financial compensation. It shapes how schools handle discrimination complaints."],"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 17, lines 49-1","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/02-1672.pdf","page_label":"file page 17, lines 49-1"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 26, lines 13-39","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/02-1672.pdf","page_label":"file page 26, lines 13-39"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 3, lines 15-41","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/02-1672.pdf","page_label":"file page 3, lines 15-41"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 42, lines 25-19","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/02-1672.pdf","page_label":"file page 42, lines 25-19"}]},{"heading":"What happens next","paragraphs":["This article currently covers the argument record. Use the official docket link for later case activity."],"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 10, lines 33-7","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/02-1672.pdf","page_label":"file page 10, lines 33-7"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 11, lines 19-25","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/02-1672.pdf","page_label":"file page 11, lines 19-25"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 11, lines 29-31","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/02-1672.pdf","page_label":"file page 11, lines 29-31"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 11, lines 41-43","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/02-1672.pdf","page_label":"file page 11, lines 41-43"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 11, lines 47-47","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/02-1672.pdf","page_label":"file page 11, lines 47-47"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 3, lines 43-54","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/02-1672.pdf","page_label":"file page 3, lines 43-54"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 3, lines 5-13","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/02-1672.pdf","page_label":"file page 3, lines 5-13"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 5, lines 19-37","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/02-1672.pdf","page_label":"file page 5, lines 19-37"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 6, lines 3-5","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/02-1672.pdf","page_label":"file page 6, lines 3-5"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 6, lines 9-11","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/02-1672.pdf","page_label":"file page 6, lines 9-11"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 7, lines 27-37","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/02-1672.pdf","page_label":"file page 7, lines 27-37"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 7, lines 41-43","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/02-1672.pdf","page_label":"file page 7, lines 41-43"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 9, lines 1-17","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/02-1672.pdf","page_label":"file page 9, lines 1-17"}]}],"slug":"2004-02-1672-jackson-v-birmingham-bd-of-ed","term":"2004","title":"Can a teacher sue for damages after a school retaliates against a Title IX complaint?","title_sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 17, lines 49-1","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/02-1672.pdf","page_label":"file page 17, lines 49-1"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 26, lines 13-39","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/02-1672.pdf","page_label":"file page 26, lines 13-39"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 3, lines 15-41","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/02-1672.pdf","page_label":"file page 3, lines 15-41"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 42, lines 25-19","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2004/02-1672.pdf","page_label":"file page 42, lines 25-19"}],"topics":[],"undated_disposition_date_fallback":null,"updated_at":"2026-09-05T03:22:24Z"}